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43rd AIAA DATC/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference, DASC 2024

作者： Hogue, Debra Kastl, Zak Karch, Joseph Nguyen, Don Schley, Lacey Lewis, Justin Connelly, Shane Weaver, Chris School of Computer Science The University of Oklahoma United States Us Air Force's 76th Software Engineering Group United States Oklahoma Aerospace and Defense Innovation Institute The University of Oklahoma United States The University of Oklahoma Department of Psychology Center for Applied Social Research United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349610

The MURDOC project introduces an application to enhance trustworthiness and explainability in computer vision models, focusing on camouflage detection. It aims to address the need for transparent and interpretable AI systems in sensitive domains such as security and defense. MURDOC integrates advanced eXplainable AI techniques including off-ramps for collecting interpretable insights, attention mechanisms for high-lighting relevant features, and a user-centric image pre-processing tool within the visualization interface. This paper offers an assessment of MURDOC's potential impact on trustworthiness and explainability in camouflaged object detection tasks. It discusses and assesses the potential effectiveness of off-ramps in gathering XAI output at various model stages, such as feature maps, attention mechanisms, and activation maps. Additionally, the paper investigates how user-driven image pre-processing mechanisms may enhance the trustworthiness of the model's predictions and decisions, allowing users to modify the input and observe prediction changes. As a work in progress, the development of MURDOC shows promise in bridging the gap for transparency and interpretability in camouflage detection. The paper also discusses the challenges, future directions, and potential applications of MURDOC's capabilities in diverse domains requiring transparent and trustworthy AI systems. The source code for the version of MURDOC in this paper is available on GitHub at: https://***/department-70/DASC-2024. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Camouflage

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Absolute Pose from One or Two Scaled and Oriented Features

Absolute Pose from One or Two Scaled and Oriented Features

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Jonathan Ventura Zuzana Kukelova Torsten Sattler Dániel Baráth Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering Cal Poly San Luis Obispo Faculty of Electrical Engineering Visual Recognition Group Czech Technical University in Prague Czech Institute of Informatics Robotics and Cybernetics Czech Technical University in Prague Department of Computer Science Computer Vision and Geometry Group ETH Zürich

ISBN: (数字)9798350353006

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013

Keypoints used for image matching often include an estimate of the feature scale and orientation. While recent work has demonstrated the advantages of using feature scales and orientations for relative pose estimation, relatively little work has considered their use for absolute pose estimation. We introduce minimal solutions for absolute pose from two oriented feature correspondences in the general case, or one scaled and oriented correspondence given a known vertical direction. Nowadays, assuming a known direction is not particularly restrictive as modern consumer devices, such as smartphones or drones, are equipped with Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) that provide the gravity direction by default. Compared to traditional absolute pose methods requiring three point correspondences, our solvers need a smaller minimal sample, reducing the cost and complexity of robust estimation. Evaluations on large-scale and public real datasets demonstrate the advantage of our methods for fast and accurate localization in challenging conditions. Code is available at https://***/danini/absolute-pose-from-oriented-and-sealed-features.

关键词： Location awareness Accuracy Simultaneous localization and mapping Measurement units Pose estimation Noise Inertial navigation

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Transformers in Small Object Detection: A Benchmark and Survey of State-of-the-Art

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Rekavandi, Aref Miri Rashidi, Shima Boussaid, Farid Hoefs, Stephen Akbas, Emre Bennamoun, Mohammed Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering The University of Western Australia Australia Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering The University of Western Australia Australia Defence Science and Technology Group Australia Department of Computer Engineering Middle East Technical University Turkey

Transformers have rapidly gained popularity in computer vision, especially in the field of object recognition and detection. Upon examining the outcomes of state-of-the-art object detection methods, we noticed that transformers consistently outperformed well-established CNN-based detectors in almost every video or image dataset. While transformer-based approaches remain at the forefront of small object detection (SOD) techniques, this paper aims to explore the performance benefits offered by such extensive networks and identify potential reasons for their SOD superiority. Small objects have been identified as one of the most challenging object types in detection frameworks due to their low visibility. We aim to investigate potential strategies that could enhance transformers’ performance in SOD. This survey presents a taxonomy of over 60 research studies on developed transformers for the task of SOD, spanning the years 2020 to 2023. These studies encompass a variety of detection applications, including small object detection in generic images, aerial images, medical images, active millimeter images, underwater images, and videos. We also compile and present a list of 12 large-scale datasets suitable for SOD that were overlooked in previous studies and compare the performance of the reviewed studies using popular metrics such as mean Average Precision (mAP), Frames Per Second (FPS), number of parameters, and more. Researchers can keep track of newer studies on our web page, which is available at: https://***/arekavandi/Transformer-SOD. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Object recognition

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MOKD: cross-domain finetuning for few-shot classification via maximizing optimized kernel dependence 24

MOKD: cross-domain finetuning for few-shot classification vi...

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Hongduan Tian Feng Liu Tongliang Liu Bo Du Yiu-ming Cheung Bo Han TMLR Group and Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University TMLR Group University of Melbourne Sydney AI Centre The University of Sydney National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science Wuhan University Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University

In cross-domain few-shot classification, nearest centroid classifier (NCC) aims to learn representations to construct a metric space where few-shot classification can be performed by measuring the similarities between samples and the prototype of each class. An intuition behind NCC is that each sample is pulled closer to the class centroid it belongs to while pushed away from those of other classes. However, in this paper, we find that there exist high similarities between NCC-learned representations of two samples from different classes. In order to address this problem, we propose a bi-level optimization framework, maximizing optimized kernel dependence (MOKD) to learn a set of class-specific representations that match the cluster structures indicated by labeled data of the given task. Specifically, MOKD first optimizes the kernel adopted in Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC) to obtain the optimized kernel HSIC (opt-HSIC) that can capture the dependence more precisely. Then, an optimization problem regarding the opt-HSIC is addressed to simultaneously maximize the dependence between representations and labels and minimize the dependence among all samples. Extensive experiments on Meta-Dataset demonstrate that MOKD can not only achieve better generalization performance on unseen domains in most cases but also learn better data representation clusters. The project repository of MOKD is available at: https://***/tmlr-group/MOKD.

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An Exact Formula for the Hazardous Event Frequency

An Exact Formula for the Hazardous Event Frequency

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Annual Symposium on Reliability and Maintainability (RAMS)

作者： Armin Zimmermann Andreas Hildebrandt Department of Computer Science and Automation Systems and Software Engineering Group Technische Universität Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany Pepperl+Fuchs SE Mannheim Germany

The remaining risk of safety-instrumented systems is an important non-functional requirement that is regulated by international standards. Several ways towards computing the safety as a function of its relevant design parameters have been studied in the literature. However, the standard approach only covers two special cases of high or low demand, which simplify the treatment by either ignoring the effects of demand rate or test interval on the safety. More detailed treatments in the literature derive Markov models, which can be numerically analyzed, or approximate solutions using Taylor series expansions etc. This paper introduces closed-form exact formulas for the average probability of failure on demand (PFD) and the resulting hazardous event frequency (HEF, or accident rate), taking into account demand rate and test interval. It integrates all cases of low, high and medium demand in one formula. The derivation is based on an analysis of the cyclostationary semi-Markov stochastic process of the safety-integrated system and its symbolic transient analysis over the test interval.

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Dispatching Shots Among Multiple Quantum computers: An Architectural Proposal

Dispatching Shots Among Multiple Quantum Computers: An Archi...

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Quantum Computing and engineering (QCE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Giuseppe Bisicchia José García-Alonso Juan M. Murillo Antonio Brogi Department of Computer Science University of Pisa Pisa Italy Quercus Software Engineering Group University of Extremadura Cáceres Spain

Quantum Computing is continuously evolving and expanding. As time goes by, more and more Quantum computer implementations become available, each of them with their own features. In such a scenario, it can be difficult for developers to identify which Quantum computer is the most suitable for their needs. In this paper, different from current works presenting strategies to select only one Quantum computer, we propose a change of perspective. Indeed, due to the probabilistic nature of Quantum Mechanics, performing a computation in a Quantum computer usually requires iterating the same execution many times (called shots), to eventually end with a distribution of the final results. Leveraging this need, our architecture enables selecting many Quantum computers for the same circuit and spreading the shots among them. Such a mechanism offers also the possibility for developers to access the partial distributions obtained from the output of a subset of the selected computers. Finally, our architecture proposes to decouple the decision process from the actual execution of such a decision, by enabling developers to encode their specific custom policies.

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Integrating Design Psychology in VR Scenarios to Improve Virtual Reality Experiences

Integrating Design Psychology in VR Scenarios to Improve Vir...

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Virtual Reality (ICVR), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Hui Liang Haoming Xu Yi Wang Junjun Pan Department of Software Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou China Department of Rehabilitation General Hospital of Pingmei Shenma Group Pingdingshan China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Peking China

ISBN: (数字)9798350364231

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364248

The application of virtual reality (VR) across various sectors is becoming more widespread, playing a pivotal role in the advancement of the metaverse. However, the prevalence of VR sickness undermines user experiences, indicating a pressing need for optimization. Current research primarily focuses on enhancing VR hardware and investigating the relationship between human factors and VR sickness, overlooking the critical aspect of VR content. This article proposes design standards for VR scenarios, grounded in established design psychology theories, and develops six sets of VR scenarios to examine how VR content influences user experiences. We enlisted 150 college students suffering from VR sickness to participate in a study. The findings reveal that incorporating design psychology principles into VR scenarios beneficially affects participants' physiological and emotional responses. Nonetheless, the proposed design standards require further refinement, and future research is needed to validate their effectiveness.

关键词： Metaverse Design standards Virtual reality Pressing Human factors Physiology Hardware Emotional responses Optimization

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Using analytic hierarchy process to evaluate deep learning for infrared target recognition

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第38期83卷 86229-86245页

作者： Xu, Laixiang Cao, Bingxu Wei, Xinhong Li, Bei Su, Jingfeng Ning, Shiyuan Zhao, Junmin School of Computer and Data Science Henan University of Urban Construction Pingdingshan467036 China School of Information Engineering Luohe Vocational Technology College Henan University of Technology Luohe Institute of Technology Luohe462000 China School of Computer and Data Science Innovation Laboratory of Smart Traffic and Big Data Development of Hainan Province Pingdingshan467036 China School of Computer and Data Science Research Center of Smart City and Big Data Engineering of Henan Province Henan University of Urban Construction Pingdingshan467036 China Department of Software Information China Electronics Technology Group Corporation 36-th Research Institute Jiaxing314033 China School of Computer and Data Science Research Center of Smart City and Big Data Engineering of Henan Province Research Center of Intelligent Campus Application Engineering of Henan Province Innovation Laboratory of Smart Traffic and Big Data Development of Hainan Province Henan University of Urban Construction Pingdingshan467036 China

In order to promote the evaluation performance of deep learning infrared automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms in the complex environment of air-to-air missile research, we proposed an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) evaluation system consisting of the target recognition ability, the generalization recognition ability, the anti-interference ability, the background suppression ability, and the cost metrics ability. According to detailed quantitative analysis and experimental results, we establish probability evaluation models and get their probability values. Compared with traditional evaluation systems, our proposed method implementation is showing high reliability. Similar superior performances are also achieved, such as quick, comprehensive, and scientific. Through the above research, the key technology of deep learning performance evaluation in automatic target recognition has been broken through, which provides some basis and guidance for the analysis of infrared imaging-guided weapon systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Infrared imaging

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Robot Trajectron: Trajectory Prediction-based Shared Control for Robot Manipulation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Song, Pinhao Li, Pengteng Aertbeliën, Erwin Detry, Renaud Robotics Research Group The Department of Mechanical Engineering KU Leuven Belgium Flanders Make@KU Leuven Belgium College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

We address the problem of (a) predicting the trajectory of an arm reaching motion, based on a few seconds of the motion’s onset, and (b) leveraging this predictor to facilitate shared-control manipulation tasks, easing the cognitive load of the operator by assisting them in their anticipated direction of motion. Our novel intent estimator, dubbed the Robot Trajectron (RT), produces a probabilistic representation of the robot’s anticipated trajectory based on its recent position, velocity and acceleration history. Taking arm dynamics into account allows RT to capture the operator’s intent better than other SOTA models that only use the arm’s position, making it particularly well-suited to assist in tasks where the operator’s intent is susceptible to change. We derive a novel shared-control solution that combines RT’s predictive capacity to a representation of the locations of potential reaching targets. Our experiments demonstrate RT’s effectiveness in both intent estimation and shared-control tasks. We will make the code and data supporting our experiments publicly available at https: //***/mousecpn/***. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robots

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Energy-Efficient Tactile-Driven Rule Configuration and Anomaly Detection in Industrial IoT Systems

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Tan, Lizhuang Singh, Amritpal Zhang, Wei Pei, Hongjuan Zhang, Peiying Chahal, Prabhjot Kaur Singh, Maninderpal Ji'nan250014 China Pohang University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Northumbria University Department of Computer and Information Sciences United Kingdom University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Engineering Science Beijing100049 China China University of Petroleum Qingdao Institute of Software College of Computer Science and Technology East China Qingdao266580 China Chandigarh Group of Colleges CEC Punjab Mohali India Southern Methodist University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Dallas United States

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) enables communication among automation systems, machinery, and sensors in an industrial setting. To optimize critical industrial operations, a substantial volume of data concerning diverse in-factory activities and automation services is generated by IoT devices and sensors. This data is subsequently transferred to distant processing systems for analysis and decision-making. Nevertheless, a substantial latency in data transmission or any abnormality in the generated data may result in delayed or erroneous decisions, consequently impacting the efficacy of essential industrial systems. To address these challenges, we established an intelligent network architecture utilizing software-defined networking that achieves tactile latencies efficiently while handling industrial data traffic in an energy-efficient manner. To address the initial challenge, the suggested architecture utilizes the Self-Organized Maps approach to distinguish between industrial traffic requiring tactile latencies and non-tactile traffic. We utilize a binary tree-based flow table mapping method to enhance flow table matching and decrease lookup times. To address the second challenge, we employ the Support Vector Machine technique to identify anomalies in real-time industrial data traffic. The Hadoop system and Mininet emulator are utilized to evaluate the proposed architecture using the UNSW dataset. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested solution in providing energy-efficient tactile assurances and identifying anomalies in traffic. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Table lookup

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