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Consideration of uncertainty in computer vision: Necessity and chance

pattern recognition and Image Analysis 2008年第2期18卷 216-221页

作者： Meidow, J. Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition Gutleuthausstr. 1 76275 Ettlingen Germany

Observations and decisions in computer vision are inherently uncertain. The rigorous treatment of uncertainty has therefore received a lot of attention, since it not only improves the results compared to ad hoc methods but also makes the results more explainable. In this paper, the usefulness of stochastic approaches will be demonstrated by example with selected problems. These are given in the context of optimal estimation, self-diagnostics, and performance evaluation and cover all steps of the reasoning chain. The removal or interpretation of unexplainable thresholds and tuning parameters will be discussed for typical tasks in feature extraction, object reconstruction, and object classification. © 2008 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

关键词： Computer vision

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Reconstruction of residential buildings by detail analysis of multi-aspect InSAR data

Reconstruction of residential buildings by detail analysis o...

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Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology VIII

作者： Thiele, Antje Cadario, Erich Schulz, Karsten Thoennessen, Ulrich Soergel, Uwe FGAN-FOM Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition Germany Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation Leibniz Universität Hannover Germany

State-of-the-art SAR sensors suggest utilizing InSAR-Data for the analysis of dense urban areas. The appearance of buildings in SAR or InSAR data is characterized by the effects of the inherent oblique scene illumination, such as layover, occlusion by radar shadow and multipath signal propagation. Therefore, especially in dense built-up areas reconstruction quality can be improved by a combined analysis of multi-aspect data. The presented approach focuses on reconstruction of buildings in residential districts supported by knowledge based analysis considering the mentioned SAR-specific effects. The algorithm of building extraction starts with the segmentation of primitives, such as lines and edges, followed by the assembly of building hypotheses based on typical building features like linearity and right-angularity. The subsequent post-processing of building hypotheses contains the analysis of InSAR phases to improve footprint or to detect roof-type of buildings. The results are presented by using optical data and a high resolution LIDAR surface model as ground truth data. © 2008 SPIE.

关键词： Housing

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Fusion of perceptual processes for real-time object tracking

Fusion of perceptual processes for real-time object tracking

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11th International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2008

作者： Jüngling, Kai Arens, Michael Hanheide, Marc Sagerer, Gerhard Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition FGAN-FOM 76275 Ettlingen Germany Applied Computer Science Bielefeld University 33501 Bielefeld Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783000248832

This paper introduces a generic architecture for the fusion of perceptual processes and its application in real-time object tracking. In this architecture, the well known anchoring approach is, by integrating techniques from information fusion, extended to multi-modal anchoring so as to be applicable in a multi-process environment. The system architecture is designed to be applicable in a generic way, independent of specific application domains and of the characteristics of the underlying sensory processes. It is shown that, by combining multiple independent video-based detection methods, the generic multi-modal anchoring approach can be successfully employed for real-time person tracking in difficult environments.

关键词： Tracking (position)

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3D imaging with range gated laser systems using speckle reduction techniques to improve the depth accuracy

3D imaging with range gated laser systems using speckle redu...

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Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications V

作者： Göhler, B. Lutzmann, P. Anstett, G. Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition Department Optronics Gutleuthausstraße 1 76275 Ettlingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819473455

We present the 3D-imaging of a target using range gated laser systems operating at 1.5 μm. Two different illumination techniques were investigated: 1) a conventional illumination technique consisting of a Raman-shifted Nd:YAG laser with a fixed wavelength, and 2) a technique which makes use of a wavelength-tunable illumination source consisting of a Nd:YAG-pumped OPO. We compare the influence of each illumination technique on target induced speckle effects and the resulting range resolution. Image samples were taken at ranges of up to 2.5 km. © 2008 SPIE.

关键词： Yttrium aluminum garnet

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A new method for observer-based evaluation of object detectability using image sequences taken by approaching sensors

A new method for observer-based evaluation of object detecta...

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Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications V

作者： Mauer, E. Koffler, P. Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition Gutleuthausstraße 1 76275 Ettlingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819473455

Detectability evaluation of objects is required for sensor range performance determination or for the assessment of camouflage effectiveness. In order to obtain a statistically sound statement the evaluation is performed in a sequential or parallel manner by different human observers analysing stored image sequences, so called "video simulation trials". These sequences are captured by high quality sensors approaching the objects of interest. The proposed method is based on the visualization in real-time of different kinds of a priori knowledge related to the object location in every image of the image sequence in order to reduce the searching process of the human observer depending on recognition task. Hence the geometric transformation of geometric information through every image of the sequence is performed by applying an automatic image registration method, planar homography. Additionally, knowledge of these geometric transformations allows new trial options and trial automation so that further experiments for the proposal of a new evaluation standard for video simulation can be performed with a statistically significant number of observers. © 2008 SPIE.

关键词： Mathematical transformations

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Synchronised data acquisition for sensor data fusion in airborne surveying

Synchronised data acquisition for sensor data fusion in airb...

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International Conference on Information Fusion

作者： Volker Schatz FGAN-FOM Research Institute of Optronics and Pattern Recognition Ettlingen Germany

An existing facility for data acquisition in aerial surveys is presented. It contains a laser radar, an infrared camera and a video camera. The system supports synchronisation of sensor data, even when the sensor does not inherently offer that feature. This allows data from different sensors to be merged and processed together. The necessary temporal referencing is achieved by specialised hardware implemented in a field programmable gate array, which also serves to acquire data from the IR camera. The usefulness of FPGAs for this purpose is demonstrated. The possibilities FPGAs offer are shown up, and future extension of the system are presented.

关键词： Cameras Synchronization Field programmable gate arrays Data acquisition Navigation Sensor systems Lasers

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Automatic generation of 3D models from real multisensor data

Automatic generation of 3D models from real multisensor data

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International Conference on Information Fusion

作者： Carmen Witte Walter Armbruster Klaus Jager Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition FGAN-FOM Ettlingen Germany

The demand for the prevention of collateral damages in military operations requires methods of robust automatic identification of targets like vehicles especially during target approach. This requires the development of sophisticated techniques for automatic and semi-automatic interpretation of sensor data. In particular, the pre-analysis of reconnaissance data is important for the human observers as well as for autonomous systems. A concept of generating a precise and up-to-date 3D model of a target will be proposed. The model is created from nearterm laser range and infrared data gathered by reconnaissance in advance. It consists of the visible part of the object surface textured with measured infrared values. The model is evaluated by generating 2D templates for a correlation-based tracking system in an infrared image sequence of a complex scenario.

关键词： Three dimensional displays Measurement by laser beam Solid modeling Image color analysis Reconnaissance Correlation Laser modes

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Modelling and analysing InSAR phase profiles at building locations in multi-aspect and multi-resolution data 7

Modelling and analysing InSAR phase profiles at building loc...

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7th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, EUSAR 2008

作者： Thiele, Antje Thoennessen, Ulrich Cadario, Erich Schulz, Karsten Soergel, Uwe FGAN-FOM Research Institute for Op-tronics and Pattern Recognition Germany Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation Leibniz Universität Hannover Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783800730841

The improved ground resolution of state-of-the-art synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors suggests utilizing SAR data for the analysis of urban areas. Even in the case of multi-aspect InSAR, for building recognition usually the analysis is triggered mainly from features detected in the magnitude images and the benefit of fusing different views. However, considering InSAR data significant phase profiles in range direction at building locations are observable, caused by information mixture of the building and its surrounding area. Hence, it is worthwhile to make efforts to understand such phase variations to improve the building recognition, especially in the case of multi-aspect, multi-sensor and multi-temporal data. In this paper three InSAR data sets of the airborne sensors AeS-1 and STAR-3i (Intermap Technologies) with a slant range resolution of 38 cm respectively 1 m are investigated. Two of them are used to reconstruct initial building hypotheses based on our previous approach. Given these 3D models, the simulation of phase profiles at the building location is realized considering the specific sensor and illumination parameters of the data sets. According to the multi-aspect and multi-resolution configurations, changes in the phase distribution are observable. Subsequently, an assessment between the real and simulated phases is done and the potentials of considering these effects in the building recognition process are discussed. © 2008 VDE VERLAG GMBH.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar

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Mono- and bi-static SWIR range-gated imaging experiments for ground applications

Mono- and bi-static SWIR range-gated imaging experiments for...

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Electro-Optical Remote Sensing, Photonic Technologies, and Applications II

作者： Repasi, Endre Lutzmann, Peter Steinvall, Ove Elmqvist, Magnus FGAN-FOM Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition Gutleuthausstrasse 1 76275 Ettlingen Germany FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency P.O. Box 1165 581 11 Linköping Sweden

FOI (Sweden) and fgan-FOM (Germany) have carried out common field trials using range gating imaging at 1.5 μm. Some examples showing the potential of bi-static vs. the common mono-static configurations are given. In addition the experiments include a comparison between active SWIR and passive EO-IR imaging. The paper discusses the results with respect to suitability for defence and security applications. © 2008 SPIE.

关键词： Infrared imaging

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Wideband protection filter (WPF) integrated within optical systems

Wideband protection filter (WPF) integrated within optical s...

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Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications V

作者： Ritt, G. Eberle, B. Ebert, R. Fisher, T. Nemet, B. Oron, M. Donval, A. KiloLambda Technologies Ltd. 22a Raoul Wallenberg St. Tel Aviv 61580 Israel FGAN-FOM Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition Gutleuthausstr. 1 76275 Ettlingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819473455

Laser radiation may lead to permanent damage of the human eye when it is exposed to high power irradiation, especially when using magnifying optics such as binoculars, sights or periscopes. Into such an optical system we integrated a novel passive solid-state threshold-triggered Wideband Protection Filter (WPF) that blocks the transmission only if the power exceeds a certain threshold. At input powers below threshold, the filter has high transmission over the whole spectral band. However, when the input power exceeds the threshold power, transmission is decreased dramatically. We demonstrate the WPF integration within a typical optical system and the influence of system parameters on the protection capability of the filter. © 2008 SPIE.

关键词： Bandpass filters

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