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Detection of weak laser pulses by full waveform stacking

Detection of weak laser pulses by full waveform stacking

引用

Photogrammetric Image Analysis, PIA 2007

作者： Stilla, U. Yao, W. Jutzi, B. Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Technische Universitaet Muenchen Arcisstr. 21 80290 Munich Germany FGAN-FOM Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition 76275 Ettlingen Germany

Pulse detection is a fundamental task of processing data of pulsed laser systems for extracting features of the illuminated object. Weak pulses below the threshold are discarded by classic methods and the involved information will get lost. In this paper we present an approach for detecting weak pulses from waveform laser data based on analyzing neighbourhood relations given by coplanarity constraint. Waveform stacking technique is used to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of object with poor surface response by means of mutual information accumulation, thus hypotheses for planes of different slopes are generated and verified. Each signal is assessed by a likelihood value with respect to accepted hypotheses. At last signals will be classified according to likelihood values using two thresholds and visualized by the traffic-light paradigm. The presented method was applied as a low-level operation to a whole waveform cuboid of an urban area and shows promising results. Results contain detected pulses reflected from objects, which can not be predicted by the previously detected point cloud.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Model Based Building recognition from Multi-Aspect InSAR Data in Urban Areas

Model Based Building Recognition from Multi-Aspect InSAR Dat...

引用

Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event

作者： A. Thiele E. Cadario K. Schulz U. Thoennessen U. Soergel Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition FGAN-FOM Research Institute of Optronics and Pattern Recognition Ettlingen Germany Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation University of Hanover Hanover Germany

The achievable ground resolution of state-of-the-art synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors enables the analysis of urban areas with industrial as well as residential character. In this paper, an approach is proposed to detect and reconstruct small as well as extended buildings from multi-aspect high resolution InSAR data sets. The recognition of buildings is supported by knowledge based analysis considering SAR-specific effects such as layover, radar shadow and multipath signal propagation. But especially in dense built up areas those effects can also lead to a reduction of the reconstruction quality e.g. in the case of adjacent trees or other buildings. In those cases the results can be significantly improved by a combined analysis of multi-aspect data. The presented approach exploits amplitude, phase, coherence data and classification results. That is demonstrated in an urban environment for an InSAR data set, which has a spatial resolution of about 30 cm and was taken from two orthogonal flight directions.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar interferometry Urban areas Image reconstruction Synthetic aperture radar Aerospace simulation Remote sensing pattern recognition Data analysis Coherence Data visualization

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InSAR phase profiles at building locations

InSAR phase profiles at building locations

引用

Photogrammetric Image Analysis, PIA 2007

作者： Thiele, A. Cadario, E. Schulz, K. Thoennessen, U. Soergel, U. FGAN-FOM Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition Gutleuthausstrasse 1 D-76275 Ettlingen Germany Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation Leibniz Universität Hannover Nienburger Strasse 1 D-30167 Hannover Germany

The improved ground resolution of state-of-the-art synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors suggests utilizing SAR data for the analysis of urban areas. Building recognition however suffers from the consequences of the inherent side-looking viewing geometry of SAR, particularly occlusion and layover hinder the analysis. Usually extracted layover regions are not considered further in the recognition workflow. However, since layover regions contain information mixture of the building and its surrounding area, it is worthwhile to make efforts to understand such signal in order to tell different contributions of building façade and roof apart from those of other objects aiming at improvement of recognition. Considering InSAR data conspicuous phase distributions at building locations are observable. The concerned area begins always at the building parts facing the sensor, in extreme cases even the entire data of the building area is inferred by layover. The characteristics of the phase profile in range direction depend on sensor and illumination properties as well as on geometric attributes of buildings. The processed interferometric phase information of a single range cell may result from superposition of several signal contributions of backscatters with same range distance to the sensor. In this paper, a model is presented to calculate the expected interferometric phase values based on a given surface profile. The process takes into account that a mixture of several contributions defines the interferometric phase of a single range cell. Based on this model, simulations shall be included in an iterative analysis-by-synthesis approach for building recognition from multi-aspect InSAR data. The focus of the proposed model is to understand the impact of the building's geometry on the phase profiles, material properties are not considered in the present state. The assessment process of the simulated phase profiles is performed by comparison with real InSAR data, based on phase

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar

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Modeling and analyzing InSAR phase profiles at building locations

Modeling and analyzing InSAR phase profiles at building loca...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： A. Thiele E. Cadario K. Schulz U. Thoennessen U. Soergel Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition FGAN-FOM Ettlingen Germany Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation Leibniz University Hannover Hanover Germany

The improved ground resolution of state-of-the-art synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors suggests utilizing SAR data for the analysis of urban areas. Even in the case of InSAR, for building recognition usually the analysis is triggered mainly from features detected in the magnitude images. However, considering InSAR data significant phase profiles in range direction at building locations are observable. In this paper a simple model for these characteristic profiles in layover areas is proposed. The model takes into account that in layover areas a mixture of several signal sources contribute to the interferometric phase of a range cell. At building locations a combination of contributions from ground, wall, and roof is observed. The resulting phase profiles are characterized by sensor and illumination parameters as well as object parameters. In the first part of this paper, simulated phase images at building locations based on a given surface profile in range direction are presented. In the second part, real InSAR data sets of the airborne sensors AeS-1 (Intermap) and AER-II (fgan-FHR) with a slant range resolution of 38 cm respectively 94 cm are used to calculate interferometric phase truth data which are then compared with the simulation results.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar interferometry Synthetic aperture radar Sensor phenomena and characterization Data analysis Urban areas Image recognition Image analysis Computer vision Radar detection Lighting

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Feature extraction of gable-roofed buildings from multi-aspect high-resolution InSAR data

Feature extraction of gable-roofed buildings from multi-aspe...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

The achievable spatial resolution of state-of-the-art synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors enables the analysis of urban areas. The appearance of buildings in magnitude images is governed by effects of the inherent oblique scene illumination, such as layover, radar shadow and salient lines of bright scattering caused by direct reflection or multipath signal propagation. For example, in urban residential districts often salient pairs of parallel lines of bright magnitude are observed at locations of gable-roofed buildings. The first line (closer to sensor) is due to direct reflection of planar roof parts orientated toward the sensor. The second line can be related to signal caused by a dihedral corner reflector between ground and building wall. In this paper an approach is presented aiming at reconstruction of gable-roofed buildings by knowledge based analysis considering the mentioned SAR-specific effects. First, line and edge primitives are segmented and grouped to parallel line pair objects. Then for each of these objects geometrical and radiometrical features are extracted in the InSAR images. Based on the interferometric elevation data in the adjacent area of the primitives the projection from slant range into ground range geometry is done. After geocoding, building hypotheses are built from the fused set of extracted primitives from both aspect directions. The estimation of the building height is carried out by two complementing methods: One is based on the extracted geometric parameters and the other on interferometric height data. The reconstruction results are quantitatively assessed by using a high resolution LIDAR surface model as ground truth data.

关键词： Feature extraction Synthetic aperture radar interferometry Data mining Radar scattering Reflection Image reconstruction Spatial resolution Synthetic aperture radar Urban areas Layout

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Simulation and analysis of full-waveform laser data of urban objects

Simulation and analysis of full-waveform laser data of urban...

引用

Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event

作者： Boris Jutzi Uwe Stilla FGAN-FOM Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition Ettlingen Germany Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Technische Universitat Munchen Muenchen Germany

The analysis of data derived by full-waveform laser scanning systems is of great interest. In this study, we use a simulated surface response to estimate the slope of a plane surface by full-waveform analysis. For analysis the transmitted waveform of the emitted pulse is used to estimate the received waveform of the backscattered pulse for a known surface. We simulated a plane surface with different slopes. Typical spatial beam distributions are considered for modeling, namely Gaussian and uniform. The surface response is determined and the corresponding received waveform is calculated. The normalized cross-correlation function in between the estimated and the measured waveform is used to determine the slope of the surface. The similarity of the estimated and the measured received waveform is compared and discussed.

关键词： Analytical models Surface emitting lasers Surface waves Response surface methodology Laser modes Surface reconstruction Remote sensing pattern analysis Signal sampling Predictive models

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Extraction of Bridge Features from high-resolution InSAR Data and optical Images

Extraction of Bridge Features from high-resolution InSAR Dat...

引用

Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event

作者： Uwe Soergel Antje Thiele Hermann Gross Ulrich Thoennessen IPI Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation Leibniz Universität Hannover Hanover Germany FGAN-FOM Research Institute of Optronics and Pattern Recognition Ettlingen Germany

Modern airborne SAR sensor systems provide geometric resolution in the order well below half a meter. By SAR interferometry from pairs of such images DEM of the same grid size can be obtained. In data of this kind many features of urban objects become visible, which were beyond the scope of radar remote sensing only a few years ago. However, because of the side-looking SAR sensor principle, layover and occlusion issues inevitably arise in undulated terrain or urban areas. Therefore, SAR data are difficult to interpret even for senior human interpreters. Furthermore, the quality of the InSAR DEM may vary significantly depending on the local topography. In order to support interpretation SAR data are often analyzed using additional complementary information provided by maps or other remote sensing imagery. In this paper a fusion of high-resolution InSAR data and one aerial image is discussed for the example of a scene containing bridges that are core elements of infrastructure. The aims are improvement of the 3D visualization of the scene and the extraction of the main parameters of the bridges' geometry.

关键词： Data mining Bridges Feature extraction Synthetic aperture radar interferometry Optical interferometry Layout Geometrical optics Optical sensors Sensor systems Radar remote sensing

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Perceptual Grouping for Building recognition in High-resolution SAR Images using the GESTALT-System

Perceptual Grouping for Building Recognition in High-resolut...

引用

Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event

作者： Eckart Michaelsen Leo Doktorski Uwe Soergel Uwe Stilla FGAN-FOM Research Institute of Optronics and Pattern Recognition Ettlingen Germany Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation University of Hanover Germany Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Technical University Munich Germany

GESTALT is a production system interpreter designed for advanced automatic recognition from difficult pictorial data. Building recognition from leading edge high resolution SAR-data is a good example for such a challenge. This contribution explains the system itself and its application to this particular issue. Perceptual grouping paradigms are coded in the productions in order to discriminate man-made ordered structure from arbitrary clutter. In particular symmetry and repetitive similar structure render promising prospects for this application.

关键词： Image recognition Production systems Buildings Remote sensing Humans Machine vision Statistics Pins Rendering (computer graphics) Image processing

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Automatic target recognition in SAR scenarios based on a novel classification scheme

Automatic target recognition in SAR scenarios based on a nov...

引用

International Conference on Synthetic Aperture Sonar and Synthetic Aperture Radar 2006

作者： Middelmann, W. Ebert, A. Thönnessen, U. FGAN FOM Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition Ettlingen Germany

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Orthorectification as preliminary step for the fusion of data from active and passive sensor systems

Orthorectification as preliminary step for the fusion of dat...

引用

2006 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems, MFI

作者： Thiele, Antje Schulz, Karsten Thoennessen, Ulrich Cadario, Erich FGAN-FOM Research Institute for Optronics and Pattern Recognition Gutleuthausstrasse 1 76275 Ettlingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1424405661

One of the main future tasks in the field of reconnaissance and surveillance is the data fusion of heterogeneous systems. For this purpose sensor data of airborne and spaceborne systems, which acquire the data from the same scene, with different spatial and spectral coverage are used. The use of different sensors enables the exploitation and the extraction of information on a higher level, supporting a value adding to the reconnaissance chain, which is especially helpful for the interpretation in urban terrain. A combination of active (SAR, LIDAR) and passive (VIS, IR) sensors is considered. Because of the different imaging properties of the sensor systems it is necessary to transform the datasets into a common coordinate system. For each imaging device a specific transformation equation system is applicable depending on the sensor parameters and supplementary metadata. In this proposal for the used devices the imaging transformation is presented, which allows a common exploitation of the sensor data for the same scenery. An orthorectification method especially for SAR images was developed and applied to airborne SAR data. The spatial accuracy of the transformed sensor data in the common coordinate system is assessed using cadastral data set. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Sensor data fusion

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