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2024 SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, NAIC 2024

作者： Al Ani, M. Panis, N.I. Manikumar, Y. Sidek, M.A. Jaafar, M.Z. Ridzuan, N. Gbonhinbor, J. Umunnawuike, C. Money, B. Agi, A. Department of Petroleum Engineering School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology College of Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pahang Gambang Malaysia Department of Petroleum Engineering Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Amassoma Yenagoa Nigeria Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes Fluid Centre Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pahang Gambang Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025474

Nanoparticles have been used to improve the properties of oilfield polymers however, at higher and prolonged temperature, dihydroxylation of the bonds occurs decreasing the affinity of the oilfield polymers towards the surface of the nanoparticles. Hence, polymeric nanoparticles (LPNP) with rigid structures have been sought after to circumvent this problem. Therefore, in this study, LPNP was synthesized from sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) bark and used as a rheological agent to improve the viscosity of displacement fluids. Thereafter, the synthesized LPNP was characterized via transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Then, the rheological flow behaviour of lignin polymeric nanofluid (LPNF) was investigated at low and high shear rates utilizing a 350 RST Brookfield rheometer. Box-Behnken design was used to simulate the effect of salinity, shear rate, concentration, and temperature on the viscosity of LPNF. Statistical analysis of variance was used to analyse various parameters of the model. Finally, any parameter combination that resulted in the maximum viscosity was recorded and optimized using a multi-response surface model. The synthesis method was efficacious in producing LPNP with a size range of 10-23 nm. Besides, LPNF exhibited shear thinning and pseudoplastic behaviours even at high salinity and showed good stability up to a temperature of 170°C. The predicted viscosity with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.8 indicates that the experimental data were accounted for by the model. The desirability of 0.95, which is close to unity, indicates that statistical analysis and experimental evidence have demonstrated that LPNF has acceptable flow behaviour under reservoir conditions. Copyright © 2024, Society of Petroleum Engineers.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Ionic liquids: a new generation of efficient polyvinyl chloride thermal stabilizers

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Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Sciences 2024年第1期10卷 12-19页

作者： Akram, Evon Rashad, Alaa Ali, Muataz Zainulabdeen, Khalid Jasim, Basma Mohammed, Salam Yusop, Rahimi Al-Amiery, Ahmed Yousif, Emad AL-Nahrain Nanorenewable Energy Research Center Al-Nahrain University Jadriya Baghdad Iraq Department of Chemistry College of Science Al‐Nahrain University Jadriya Baghdad Iraq Department of Chemical Industries Institute of Technology-Baghdad Middle Technical University Baghdad Iraq Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering College of Engineering and Architecture University of Nizwa Nizwa Oman School of Chemical Science and Food Technology Faculty of Science and Technology University Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi 43600 Malaysia Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi 43600 Malaysia Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center University of Technology Baghdad 10001 Iraq

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), is one of the main synthetic materials used widely in many applications of our life aspects today. Though, the practical usage of it was always affected by some destructive factors like UV-light and heat. The optical and surface characteristics of pure and modified PVC thin films were compared throughout a temperature range of 25–55 °C. It was found that the intensity of the amine group in modified PVC varied with temperature. Surface morphology properties studied by AFM results;the ionic liquid was proven to comparably increases the stability of PVC surface while the roughness was less than pure PVC with increasing temperature. Optical microscope pictures, manifest PVC as drops at 55 °C, while, in modified PVC at the same temperature, the PVC surface was noticeably more stable. Finally, the energy gap of PVC pure and modified PVC thin films are studied. At 55 °C, the modified PVC's energy gap value increased from 3.64 eV at ambient temperature to 4.28 eV. This makes it more isolated when compared to pure PVC, which has an energy gap of 3.04 eV at ambient temperature and 3.1 eV at 55 °C and is a semiconductor. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Energy gap Ionic liquid Morphology PVC Thermal stabilizers

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Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Jatropha curcas (J. curcas) Under Subcritical Water Conditions: Water and Palm Oil Mill Effluent as Solvents

Engineering Reports

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engineering Reports 2025年第6期7卷

作者： Rohim, Rohazriny Md Isa, Khairuddin Ali, Umi Fazara Md Abd. Aziz, Mohd. Aizudin Ibrahim, Naimah Hairunnaja, Muhammad Auni Saad, Saiful Azhar Bashari, Nur Amira Fatihah Faculty of Civil Engineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Arau Malaysia Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Arau Malaysia Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Arau Malaysia Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Process Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Pekan Malaysia

In this study, palm oil mill effluent (POME) and water were used as the medium or hydrogen donor solvent in the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Jatropha curcas. POME, with its high organic compound content, is seen as a promising solvent to be investigated. The POME analysis using GC–MS showed the existence of palmitic and oleic acids. The HTL was performed for both solvents using a batch reactor, and three parameters were varied (biomass-to-solvent ratio, temperature, and reaction time). The results showed that POME could be used as a medium for the HTL of J. curcas. It was found that the HTL of J. curcas with POME produced a higher oil yield (63.4%) than the one using water (43.2%) with a lower biomass-to-solvent ratio (1:2) and lower temperature (300°C) with an optimum reaction time (60 min), and with 30.8% of solid and 5.8% of gas recorded. The results of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) showed that high ester content and the lowest acid content were obtained at 350°C for both solvents. As for POME, the ester content increased at 350°C while the acid content decreased at the same temperature. High hydrocarbon content was obtained for the experiment at 300°C for both solvents. The highest oil yield under POME conditions recorded a good HHV value of 39.07 MJ/kg with an oxygen content of ~11%, with 81% carbon recovered, indicating high energy recovery. The extra hydrogen generated through the reforming of POME in the liquefaction of J. curcas leads to stabilizing the free radicals and producing high oil yields. © 2025 The Author(s). engineering Reports published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Gas chromatography

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Comparisons of Organic Acid and Inorganic Acid Pretreatment for Production of Reducing Sugar and Ethanol Production from Coffee Shell 1

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7th Asia Conference on Environment and Sustainable Development, ACESD 2022

作者： Kitiborwornkul, Nichaphat Jullsri, Phakamas Tantayotai, Prapakorn Tandhanskul, Atittaya Sriariyanun, Malinee Biorefinery and Process Automation Engineering Center Department of Chemical and Process Engineering The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering King Mongkut University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Technology Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University Kantarawichai Maha Sarakham Thailand Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand Department of Food Technology Faculty of Biotechnology Assumption University Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9789819941018

ISBN: (纸本)9789819941001

Growing consumption of coffee beverages leads to a vast amount of coffee waste production, and there are few official reports on proper waste management. Via a biorefining process, coffee waste, as a type of lignocellulose, has the potential to be converted to value-added biochemicals and biofuels. In a biorefining process of lignocellulose, pretreatment process is an important step for modification of the structure of lignocellulose to be more vulnerable to enzymatic saccharification. In this study, the effects of pretreatments by using organic acids (oxalic acid, citric acid, and acetic acid) and inorganic acid (sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) of coffee shell on reducing sugar and ethanol production were comparatively evaluated. Reducing sugars obtained from citric acid-pretreated were 27.16 mg, which were higher than untreated samples by 1.62-fold times. The cellulose content of citric acid-pretreated sample was enriched to 38.25%, while the cellulose content in untreated sample was 13.10%, suggesting the removal of hemicellulose caused by acid pretreatment. Citric acid pretreatment improves ethanol production by 5.1-fold times when compared to untreated sample. Altogether, organic acid is demonstrated to be an effective chemical for coffee waste pretreatment with lower toxicity and cost, compared to inorganic acid. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2023.

关键词： Lignocellulose

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A preliminary study of pyrolysis kinetics among various types of oil palm wastes 6

A preliminary study of pyrolysis kinetics among various type...

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6th National Conference on Postgraduate Research, NCON-PGR 2022

作者： Yong, Yung Sheng Abdul Rasid, Ruwaida Ismail, Mazni Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Gambang Pahang26300 Malaysia

Oil palm waste such as empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fibre (MF) and palm kernel shell (PKS) are some of the abundant wastes produced by oil palm mills which have great potential to replace fossil fuel through the application of thermochemical processes like torrefaction which produces solid biofuel and pyrolysis that produces bio-oils. The study of the kinetics of a reaction indicates the activation energy and frequency factor of the reaction are often applied in the design of a reactor. In this study, the kinetics of pyrolysis of oil palm wastes were investigated with the aid of a derivative thermogravimetric graph (DTG) using thermogravimetric analyzers. Model-fitting methods including Arrhenius, Coats-Redfern (CR) and Kennedy-Clarke (KC) models were applied to obtain the kinetic parameters which are activation energy (E) and pre-exponential factor (A). To determine the best model-fitting methods, a reaction order mechanism was applied. For the best model, by comparing how fit is the model to the data, the highest regression coefficient was achieved by the CR model for EFB, MF and PKS. Therefore, it is clear that the CR model provides the most accurate estimates of the kinetics of the pyrolysis of oil palm wastes. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Activation energy

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The effect of solids on interfacial rheology and the performance of coalescence filters

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chemical and process engineering - Inzynieria Chemiczna i Procesowa 2021年第4期42卷 337-348页

作者： Krasiński, Andrzej Soltan, Lukasz Kozyrski, Jakub Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Waryńskiego 1 Warsaw00-645 Poland

The paper presents a research work on the process of emulsion separation by filtration-coalescence method in the presence of solid particles. A polyester PBT coalescence medium was used in experiments of water removal from diesel fuel. Apart from parameters representing the geometry and inherent properties of coalescence filters, the additional emulsion constituents such as surfactants and solid particles also affect the process. These constituent can cover fibres and they can also influence emulsion properties. It has been experimentally confirmed that contrary to surface active compounds, which stabilise the emulsion, the presence of specific solid particles decreased the system stability. If surface active compounds are present in the system, the influence of solid particles is different at the same concentration level depending on their type. The destabilization of emulsion due to the presence of Arizona dust was more pronounced. Although the presence of particles mitigated the effect of surfactants, their deposition in the filter media oppositely affected the coalescence process depending on solid type. Oleophilic iron oxide particles improved the separation efficiency of water from diesel fuel, while Arizona test dust had a negative impact on the separation process performance. © 2021. The Author(s)

关键词： Diesel fuels

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Experimental and numerical investigation of axial and tangential forces in a stirred tank with yield-stress fluids

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chemical and process engineering - Inzynieria Chemiczna i Procesowa 2021年第2期42卷 173-190页

作者： Story, Anna Story, Grzegorz Jaworski, Zdzislaw West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Department of Chemical and Process Engineering al. Piastów 42 Szczecin71-065 Poland

Complex rheological properties of yield-stress materials may lead to the generation of an intensive mixing zone near a rotating impeller. From the practical point of view, the zone should cover most of the stirred liquid. According to the literature review, several parameters may affect the size of the mixing zone, in particular forces exerted on the liquid. This paper presents both experimental and numerical investigation of axial and tangential forces generated during mechanical mixing of yield-stress fluids in a stirred tank. The tested fluids were aqueous solutions of Carbopol Ultrez 30 of concentration either 0.2 or 0.6 wt% and pH = 5.0. The study was performed for three types of impeller, pitched blade turbine, Prochem Maxflo T and Rushton turbine, in a broad range of their rotational speed, N= 60 − 900 rpm. The axial and tangential forces were calculated from the apparent mass of the stirred tank and torque, respectively. The experimental results were compared with CFD predictions, revealing their good agreement. Analysis of the generated forces showed that they are dependent on the rheological characteristic of liquid and the impeller type. It was also found that although axial force was smaller than tangential force, it significantly increased the resultant force. © 2021. The Author(s)

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Energetic efficiency of mixing in a periodically reoriented Dean flow

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chemical and process engineering - Inzynieria Chemiczna i Procesowa 2021年第4期42卷 391-410页

作者： Rożeń, Antoni Kopytowski, Janusz Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Waryńskiego 1 Warszawa00-645 Poland

The energetic efficiency of mixing is studied numerically in a continuous flow mixer constructed from a sequence of alternately twisted pipe bends. Counter-rotating vortices present in the curved channels and known as Dean vortices narrow the distribution of the residence time of fluid elements and accelerate the generation of a new material surface without obstructing the main flow and increasing the risk of fouling or flow stoppage. Cyclic twisting of the pipe curvature allows for quick reorientation of Dean vortices. The reorientation induces chaotic advection in a stable three-dimensional flow and speeds up mixing. The effect of computational domain discretisation for the low and medium Reynolds numbers (20 © 2021. The Author(s)

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Semi refined carrageenan-nanocomposite film incorporated with Bentong ginger extracts for active food packaging: Synthesis and characterization 6

Semi refined carrageenan-nanocomposite film incorporated wit...

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6th National Conference on Postgraduate Research, NCON-PGR 2022

作者： Subramaniam, Sarmilaah Dewi Anak Ungka, Mithrel Loxzyana Jing Hao, Tong Rahimi, Nur Annis Sofea Zakaria, Lia Maisarah Mohd Azman, Nurul Aini Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Gambang Pahang26300 Malaysia

Bentong Ginger (BG), Malaysia patented ginger consist of various bioactive compounds such as gingerols which account for the various pharmacological benefits in human including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer. The objective of this work was to analyze the effectiveness of BG extracts as an antioxidant additive in plasticized semi refined carrageenan-nanocellulose (CN) to produce active packaging films at concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 % (v/v). The bioactive constituents in BG extracts were discovered using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) and the possible interaction between the semi refined carrageenan-nanocellulose film network and BG were revealed using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The effects of BG extracts formulated in CN film on the antioxidant release, physical and mechanical properties of the films were studied. The CN film with 20% BG improved the most, exhibiting excellent mechanical and physical properties as well as antioxidant release tests that revealed the highest release of antioxidant and total phenolic content in 95 % food simulants up to 28 days storages. This study validated that incorporation of BG extract can a promising natural additive for active packaging materials. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanocellulose

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Sedimentary Facies, Depositional Environment and Reservoir Quality of Group-B Shallow Clastic Reservoir in the Malay Basin, Malaysia

Sedimentary Facies, Depositional Environment and Reservoir Q...

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2023 SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, NAIC 2023

作者： Bashiron, N. Johari, S. Sidek, A. Agi, A. Ariffin, M.H. Supee, A. Ridzuan, N. Aini Mahat, S.Q. Department of Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Johor Bahru Malaysia PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. PETRONAS Twin.Tower Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology College of Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Gambang Pahang Malaysia Geology Program Faculty of Science & Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025177

Shallow reservoirs in Group-B of MS-field in Malay Basin, Terengganu's offshore, Malaysia were explored for development. Poor understanding of depositional settings, stratigraphic context, lithofacies, reservoir geometry, reservoir quality, and heterogeneity are some of the difficulties encountered in developing these shallow reservoirs. In this study, these challenges were circumvented by performing reservoir architecture and quality analysis. This was achieved by integrating the interpretation from the cores, well logs, petrographic and petrophysical analyses for depositional model generation, lithofacies description, as well as reservoir geometry, continuity, and quality determination. Five lithofacies were identified in Group- B, namely: laminated mudstone (ML), bioturbated mudstone (MB), heterolithic mud dominated (MH), heterolithic sand dominated (SH), and bioturbated sandstone (SB). The sediments encountered in ML and SB lithofacies consist of moderate to good reservoir quality, while for SH and MH, they ranged from high to low quality. This study provides a better insight to the shallow reservoir heterogeneity in MS-field and the results obtained could also be applied to the other similar shallow reservoirs for characterization and modelling improvement processes. Copyright © 2023 Society of Petroleum Engineers.

关键词： Stratigraphy

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