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Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)

作者： Friedrich-Leonhard Schein Christian Voigt Lutz Gerhold Ioannis Tsigaras Mohamed Elghazzali Hirofumi Sawamoto Ewald Strolz Roland Rettenmeier Ruben Kahle Lars Bö ttcher Faculty IV &#x2013 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technische Universit&#x00E4 t Berlin Berlin Germany Business Unit Advanced Packaging Evatec AG Tr&#x00FC bbach Switzerland System Integration &amp Interconnection Technologies Fraunhofer IZM Berlin Germany

In this work, we demonstrate advances in plasma dry etch technology applied to common materials in semi-additive fineline processing for panel-level packaging. Emphasis is placed on deep reactive-ion etching into organic dielectric build-up materials as a scalable process for making vertical interconnects (vias). A capacitively coupled dual frequency plasma module was used for our experiments. We investigate the influence of different process parameters and gas mixtures on via shape, via sidewall quality and residue formation. To enable material-selective etching, a metallic hard mask is used, patterned by direct imaging lithography. For the removal of the hard mask we introduce a non-etching lift-off approach. Furthermore, a dry etch removal of sputtered Ti barrier and Cu seed layers is shown.

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Research on the Structural Design and Basin Characteristics of Pilot Electromagnetic Valves for New Energy Wastewater Treatment Systems

Research on the Structural Design and Basin Characteristics ...

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Advanced electrical and Energy Systems (AEES), International Conference on

作者： Na Wang Yueyang Dong Xiaofei Zhen Ruonan Jiao Haoran Fu Yuying Chen School of Mechatronic Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou China School of New Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou China Faculty of Engineering Computer and Mathematical Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia Academy of Electrical and Automation Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao China

ISBN: (数字)9798331517724

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517731

Pilot-operated solenoid valves have the advantage of fast response times and can meet high pressure and large diameter requirements through their structural characteristics, making them widely used in various fields. The pilot-operated solenoid valve discussed in this article is applied in a new energy system a sewage treatment system based on solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technology. The pilot-operated solenoid valve designed in this paper controls the flow rate and velocity of the sewage. This article uses Fluent to calculate the flow coefficient of pilot-type solenoid valves at various openings, exploring the flow characteristics of these valves. Based on computational fluid dynamics, simulations of the cavitation flow field were performed for pilot-type solenoid valve models at different openings, resulting in pressure contour plots and liquid velocity vector diagrams within the pilot valve. The study investigated the effects of the valve opening and the pressure difference at the inlet and outlet on the cavitation conditions within the valve. This provides a foundation for subsequent analysis of the vibration characteristics and structural optimization of solenoid pilot valves. The results indicate that negative pressure occurs within the solenoid pilot valve at all openings, leading to cavitation phenomena. When the opening is greater than or equal to 0.5, significant negative pressure appears near the valve port of the valve sleeve, with more pronounced cavitation phenomena, which can easily lead to cavitation bubbles and deformation.

关键词： Vibrations Analytical models Deformation Computational modeling Valves Vectors Time factors Solenoids Wastewater treatment Optimization

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Visual recognition of wheel hubs with convolutional neural network

Visual recognition of wheel hubs with convolutional neural n...

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Consumer Electronics and computer engineering (ICCECE), 2021 IEEE International Conference on

作者： Yining Dai Zaojun Fang Caiming Zhong Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University NingBo Zhejiang China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

The traditional recognition methods of wheel hubs are mainly based on extracted feature matching. In practical production, their accuracy, robustness and processing speed are usually greatly affected. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a recognition method based on convolutional neural network. The basic steps include two parts: wheel image pre-processing and wheel model classification. The image processing method, mainly using the detection algorithm of hough circles, obtains the center coordinates and radius of the wheel. Then it maps the ring-shaped wheel in right-angle coordinates to polar coordinates by the center coordinates and radius. This stepcan extract the ring-shaped feature information of the wheel image and reduce the influence generated by redundant features. Then a network architecture with an improved Resnet is designed to classify the wheel models. Finally, the wheel model recognition algorithm is evaluated, and the effectiveness of the method is verified through the comparison experiments of SVM, KNN and other models. The experiments show that the recognition accuracy can reach about 99.8% for 10 kinds of wheels.

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Influence of forecast control of heat supply on energy savings

Influence of forecast control of heat supply on energy savin...

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International Multidisciplinary Conference on computer and Energy science (SpliTech)

作者： Tomasz Cholewa Alicja Siuta-Olcha Andrzej Smolarz Piotr Muryjas Piotr Wolszczak Ł ukasz Guz Faculty of Environmental Engineering Lublin University of Technology Lublin Poland Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Lublin University of Technology Lublin Poland Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Lublin University of Technology Lublin Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781665488280

Nowadays, the use of new control techniques of heating systems in existing and new buildings is a very important topic in the light of planed decarbonization of building sector, since the energy efficiency may be significantly increased. One of such solutions may be the forecast control of heat supply for heating, especially if it is easy applicable in existing buildings. This paper shows the influence of forecast control of heat supply for heating on the level of energy consumption based on field research. The building being the subject of case study is a residential building with a traditional heating installation (with vertical risers and convective radiators supplied from one side with the heating medium 80/60°C at outdoor temperature equal to −20°C. The field research covers the period before and after the installation of the forecast control of heating system. The energy savings achieved due to the use of forecast control were above 50%.

关键词： Heating systems Energy consumption HVAC Weather forecasting Low-carbon economy Control systems Energy efficiency

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A new framework to protect privacy of location from malicious applications 8

A new framework to protect privacy of location from maliciou...

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8th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development, INDIACom 2021

作者： Alharbi, Awad Saleh Halikias, George Abi Sen, Adnan Ahmed Yamin, Mohammad School of Mathematics Computer Science and Engineering Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engg. London United Kingdom Islamic University Faculty of Computer and Information Systems Al-Madinah Saudi Arabia Research School of Computer Science Australian National University Canberra Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789380544434

Location-based applications have become very popular in recent years, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has intensified the trend towards applications for electronic purchases and delivery services, to provide customers the facility of buying from anywhere and anytime, with great ease. However, there are some issues with these kind of purchases and delivery services. In particular, the data collected by these applications has the potential of having their security and privacy breached. Thus, trust of the service provider cannot be taken for granted. In fact, the service provider may prove to be a source of real danger to the privacy of users, especially if the service provider itself is a malicious party. Thus, it is difficult for the user to determine which applications can be trusted, and who to share their home or business location with. To solve this problem, in this research, we propose a new central platform that enables users to gather all of their (main) locations and control access to these locations in one place. Then the user can share them with other applications, such as link with hash-code included in a quick response (QR) barcode without the need to save their data in any application database. Moreover, the QR-code will be deactivated once it is used by the service provider, after the order is delivered. Therefore, the service provider will not be able to exploit the data stored in it, which means greater protection for the user's privacy. The system will offer other features for the user and the service provider as well. We have also implemented this system in a real manner to confirm its ability to improve the level of service in electronic purchase applications, in addition to improving the level of privacy of users' data. © 2021 Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Delhi. Copy Right in Bulk will be transferred to IEEE by Bharati Vidyapeeth.

关键词： COVID-19

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A Natural Gas Consumption Forecasting System for Continual Learning Scenarios based on Hoeffding Trees with Change Point Detection Mechanism

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Svoboda, Radek Basterrech, Sebastián Kozal, Jędrzej Platoš, Jan Woźniak, Michal Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 2172/15 Ostrava70833 Czech Republic Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark Department of Systems and Computer Networks University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland

Forecasting natural gas consumption, considering seasonality and trends, is crucial in planning its supply and consumption and optimizing the cost of obtaining it, mainly by industrial entities. However, in times of threats to its supply, it is also a critical element that guarantees the supply of this raw material to meet individual consumers' needs, ensuring society's energy security. This article introduces a novel multistep forecasting of natural gas consumption with change point detection integration for model collection selection with continual learning capabilities using data stream processing. The performance of the forecasting models based on the proposed approach is evaluated in a complex real-world use case of natural gas consumption forecasting. Furthermore, the methodology generability was verified in an electricity load forecasting task. We employed Hoeffding tree predictors as forecasting models and the Pruned Exact Linear Time (PELT) algorithm for the change point detection procedure. The change point detection integration enables the selection of a different model collection for successive time frames. Thus, three model collection selection procedures are defined and evaluated for forecasting scenarios with various densities of detected change points. These models were compared with change point agnostic baseline approaches and deep learning models. Our experiments show that the proposed approach provides superior results to deep learning models for both datasets and that fewer change points result in a lower forecasting error regardless of the model collection selection procedure employed. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Sparse Actuator Scheduling for Discrete-Time Linear Dynamical Systems

Sparse Actuator Scheduling for Discrete-Time Linear Dynamica...

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Indian Control Conference (ICC)

作者： Krishna Praveen V. S. Kondapi Chandrasekhar Sriram Geethu Joseph Chandra R. Murthy Dept. of ECE Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore India Dept. of ECE IISc Texas Instruments India Pvt. Ltd. Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft CD Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9798331517212

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517229

We consider the control of discrete-time linear dynamical systems using sparse inputs where we limit the number of active actuators at every time step. We develop an algorithm for determining a sparse actuator schedule that ensures the existence of a sparse control input sequence, following the schedule, that takes the system from any given initial state to any desired final state. Since such an actuator schedule is not unique, we look for a schedule that minimizes the energy of sparse inputs. For this, we optimize the trace of the inverse of the resulting controllability Gramian, which is an approximate measure of the average energy of the inputs. We present a greedy algorithm along with its theoretical guarantees. Finally, we empirically show that our greedy algorithm ensures the controllability of the linear system with a small number of active actuators per time step without a significant average energy expenditure compared to the fully actuated system.

关键词： Greedy algorithms Linear systems Actuators Schedules Scheduling algorithms Heuristic algorithms Energy measurement Controllability Minimization Dynamical systems

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Solar-Powered LVDC Nano-Grid with Smart FPGA-based Residential Power Switching Algorithm

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IEEE Access 2023年 1-1页

作者： Shanmugam, Leninisha Balasubramaniam, P.M. Shnain, Ammar Hameed Abdulkader, Rasheed Alharbi, Meshal Pustokhin, Denis A. Pustokhina, Irina V. Mohammed, Sheik Sengan, Sudhakar School of Computer of Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India Computer Technical Engineering Department The Islamic University Najaf Iraq Electrical Engineering Department King Faisal University Al Hofuf Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia Department of Logistics and Marketing Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Moscow Russia Department of Entrepreneurship and Logistics Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Moscow Russia Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Brunei Darussalam Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSN College of Engineering and Technology Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu India

A Low Voltage Direct Current (LVDC) nano-grid opens new potentials for the electrification of isolated rural settlements, urban residential structures, and the existing grid infrastructure. This study introduces and examines the Power-Sharing Control (PSC) of a solar Photovoltaic (PV) system connected to a low-voltage DC nano-grid. Effective control and power management between the components of a planned LVDC nano-grid system are presented, as is the use of a PSC algorithm implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). General simulation investigations are tested to analyse the system’s performance using the recommended controller. The proposed LVDC nano-grid idea is developed, and its hardware is assessed. The results of the hardware under different settings are shown and discussed. The proposed nano-grid model is implemented in matrix laboratory (MATLAB)-Simulink and has an FPGA-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller and a central PSC algorithm;simulation studies are performed, and results are achieved. 100 W nano-grid hardware is set up and tested. Quantitative cost-benefit analyses of the LVDC nano-grid of the proposed controller are given. Author

关键词： DC-DC converters

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P4toNFV: Offloading from P4 switches to NFV in programmable data planes

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International Journal of Communication Systems 2024年第5期37卷 e5687-e5687页

作者： Pekar, Adrian Makara, Laszlo A. Lai, Yuan-Cheng Lin, Ying-Dar Seah, Winston Department of Networked Systems and Services Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary HUN-REN-BME Information Systems Research Group Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary Department of Information Management National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan School of Engineering and Computer Science Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand

P4 combines the benefits of hardware-based networking with the adaptability of software-based network operations. However, when faced with intricate network functions, P4 switches reveal constraints in memory and processing primitives. To address these, we advocate offloading traffic demanding intricate processing from the programmable data plane to network function virtualization (NFV). By leveraging this approach, P4 switches handle the core data plane, ensuring maximum performance, whereas virtualized network functions (VNF) cater to the intricate processing. Central to our research is the optimization of this offloading process, specifically considering delay constraints. We developed an analytical model that examines a P4 switch overseen by an SDN controller, integrating an offloading capability to NFV. The principal objective was to determine an offloading rate that minimizes packet processing delay. To this end, we employed a Bounded method, an advancement from Brent's method, to determine this optimal rate. The findings indicate that offloading approximately 66% of packets to the VNF achieves the lowest total delay, registering at 0.1505 (Formula presented.) s. This strategy of optimal offloading can notably reduce the system's average delay as the demand for network functions increases. The optimization technique we adopted exhibited rapid convergence in our experiments, reflecting the method's efficacy. Furthermore, a rigorous parametric sensitivity analysis spanning no offloading, full offloading, and optimal offloading strategies underscores that optimal offloading to NFV consistently augments system performance, particularly in terms of delay reduction. Conclusively, our study furnishes valuable insights into offloading strategies, augmenting the narrative on resource allocation in both PNFs and VNFs. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Communication Systems published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Network function virtualization

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Analyzing and Unifying Robustness Measures for Excitation Transfer Control in Spin Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： O’Neil, S.P. Khalid, I. Rompokos, A.A. Weidner, C.A. Langbein, F.C. Schirmer, S. Jonckheere, E.A. Dept of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California CA United States School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University United Kingdom Quantum Engineering Technologies Laboratories University of Bristol United Kingdom Faculty of Science & Engineering Physics Swansea University United Kingdom

Recent achievements in quantum control have resulted in advanced techniques for designing controllers for applications in quantum communication, computing, and sensing. However, the susceptibility of such systems to noise and uncertainties necessitates robust controllers that perform effectively under these conditions to realize the full potential of quantum devices. The time-domain log-sensitivity and a recently introduced robustness infidelity measure (RIM) are two means to quantify controller robustness in quantum systems. The former can be found analytically, while the latter requires Monte-Carlo sampling. In this work, the correlation between the log-sensitivity and the RIM for evaluating the robustness of single excitation transfer fidelity in spin chains and rings in the presence of dephasing is investigated. We show that the expected differential sensitivity of the error agrees with the differential sensitivity of the RIM, where the expectation is over the error probability distribution. Statistical analysis also demonstrates that the log-sensitivity and the RIM are linked via the differential sensitivity, and that the differential sensitivity and RIM are highly concordant. This unification of two means (one analytic and one via sampling) to assess controller robustness in a variety of realistic scenarios provides a first step in unifying various tools to model and assess robustness of quantum controllers. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robust control

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