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arXiv 2025年

作者： Rehannara Beegum, T. Idris, Mohd Yamani Idna Ayub, Mohamad Nizam Bin Shehadeh, Hisham A. Ali, Usman Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Information Technology Al-Huson University College Al-Balqa Applied University Al-Huson Jordan Department of Computer and Software Technology University of Swat KPK Pakistan

This paper proposes a new hybrid algorithm, combining FA, SSO, and the N-R method to accelerate convergence towards global optima, named the Hybrid Firefly Algorithm and Sperm Swarm Optimization with Newton-Raphson (HFASSON). The performance of HFASSON is evaluated using 23 benchmark functions from the CEC 2017 suite, tested in 30, 50, and 100 dimensions. A statistical comparison is performed to assess the effectiveness of HFASSON against FA, SSO, HFASSO, and five hybrid algorithms: Water Cycle Moth Flame Optimization (WCMFO), Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm (HPSOGA), Hybrid Sperm Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (HSSOGSA), Grey Wolf and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (GWOCS), and Hybrid Firefly Genetic Algorithm (FAGA). Results from the Friedman rank test show the superior performance of HFASSON. Additionally, HFASSON is applied to Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (CR-VANET), outperforming basic CR-VANET in spectrum utilization. These findings demonstrate HFASSON’s efficiency in wireless network applications. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Segment Intersection Representations, Level Planarity and Constrained Ordering Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Fink, Simon D. Pfretzschner, Matthias Stumpf, Peter Algorithms and Complexity Group Technische Universität Wien Austria Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics University of Passau Germany Department of Theoretical Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Czech Technical University Prague Czech Republic Department of Applied Mathematics Charles University Prague Czech Republic

In the Segment Intersection Graph Representation Problem, we want to represent the vertices of a graph as straight line segments in the plane such that two segments cross if and only if there is an edge between the corresponding vertices. This problem is NP-hard (even ∃R-complete [19]) in the general case [13] and remains so if we restrict the segments to be axis-aligned, i.e., horizontal and vertical [12]. A long standing open question for the latter variant is its complexity when the order of segments along one axis (say the vertical order of horizontal segments) is already given [12,14]. We resolve this question by giving efficient solutions using two very different approaches that are interesting on their own. First, using a graph-drawing perspective, we relate the problem to a variant of the well-known Level Planarity problem, where vertices have to lie on preassigned horizontal levels. In our case, each level also carries consecutivity constraints on its vertices;this Level Planarity variant is known to have a quadratic solution. Second, we use an entirely combinatorial approach and show that both problems can equivalently be formulated as a linear ordering problem subject to certain consecutivity constraints. While the complexity of such problems varies greatly, we show that in this case the constraints are well-structured in a way that allows a direct quadratic solution. Thus, we obtain three different-but-equivalent perspectives on this problem: the initial geometric one, one from planar graph drawing and a purely combinatorial one. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Graph theory

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Enhanced glaucoma classification through advanced segmentation by integrating cup-to-disc ratio and neuro-retinal rim features

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computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 2025年 123卷 102559-102559页

作者： Pannu, Rabia Zubair, Muhammad Owais, Muhammad Hassan, Shoaib Umair, Muhammad Usman, Syed Muhammad Albashrawi, Mousa Ahmed Hussain, Irfan Faculty of Information Technology & Computer Science University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan Interdisciplinary Research Center for Finance and Digital Economy King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia and Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Department of Computer Science Bahria School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Information Systems and Operations Management King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia

Glaucoma is a progressive eye condition caused by high intraocular fluid pressure, damaging the optic nerve, leading to gradual, irreversible vision loss, often without noticeable symptoms. Subtle signs like mild eye redness, slightly blurred vision, and eye pain may go unnoticed, earning it the nickname "silent thief of sight." Its prevalence is rising with an aging population, driven by increased life expectancy. Most computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems rely on the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) for glaucoma diagnosis. This study introduces a novel approach by integrating CDR with the neuro-retinal rim ratio (NRR), which quantifies rim thickness within the optic disc (OD). NRR enhances diagnostic accuracy by capturing additional optic nerve head changes, such as rim thinning and tissue loss, which were overlooked using CDR alone. A modified ResUNet architecture for OD and optic cup (OC) segmentation, combining residual learning and U-Net to capture spatial context for semantic segmentation. For OC segmentation, the model achieved Dice Coefficient (DC) scores of 0.942 and 0.872 and Intersection over Union (IoU) values of 0.891 and 0.773 for DRISHTI-GS and RIM-ONE, respectively. For OD segmentation, the model achieved DC of 0.972 and 0.950 and IoU values of 0.945 and 0.940 for DRISHTI-GS and RIM-ONE, respectively. External evaluation on ORIGA and REFUGE confirmed the model's robustness and generalizability. CDR and NRR were calculated from segmentation masks and used to train an SVM with a radial basis function, classifying the eyes as healthy or glaucomatous. The model achieved accuracies of 0.969 on DRISHTI-GS and 0.977 on RIM-ONE. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Design an Ensemble Pretrained Deep Learning Model for Classification of Melanoma Skin Cancer Images

Design an Ensemble Pretrained Deep Learning Model for Classi...

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Computational Intelligence Approaches and Applications (ICCIAA), International Conference on

作者： Dheeb Albashish Nedaa Almansour Azizi Abdullah Hossam M. J. Mustafa Manar Rizik AlSayyed Oraib Alrashdan Computer Science Department Prince Abdullah bin Ghazi Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Al-Balqa Applied University Salt Jordan Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology (CAIT) Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Malaysia Center For Artificial Intelligence Technology (CAIT) Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Malaysia Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Information Technology University of Petra Amman Jordan Pathology Department University of Jordan Jordan

ISBN: (数字)9798331523657

ISBN: (纸本)9798331523664

The recent global outbreak of melanoma skin cancer has prompted increased attention toward computer-aided diagnosis systems (CAD). The primary application of CAD in melanoma is to discriminate between benign and malignant skin medical images. Additionally, the survival rate improves with early cancer detection. This study presents a CAD diagnosis method for melanoma skin diagnosis, which utilizes deep learning and medical image processing. To elaborate, the proposed model comprises two stages: Firstly, fine-tune three powerful pretrained models, namely VGG16, NASNetMobile, and ResNet50V2, to address the current task. Secondly, we leverage their decisions through ensemble learning and hard voting techniques. The evaluation of the proposed ensemble model on a skin cancer dataset yielded a notable accuracy of 91.5% on a test portion of the dataset. This method reveals the potential for diagnosing melanoma while also illustrating the efficacy of the ensemble model in augmenting diagnostic performance.

关键词： Deep learning Solid modeling Design automation Computational modeling Melanoma Skin computer aided diagnosis Ensemble learning Medical diagnostic imaging Computational intelligence

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LowResIR-Net: Lightweight Residual Network for ADL Recognition Using Low-Resolution Infrared Sensor Data

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Procedia computer science 2025年 256卷 1358-1366页

作者： Sakorn Mekruksavanich Wikanda Phaphan Anuchit Jitpattanakul Department of Computer Engineering School of Information and Communication Technology University of Phayao Phayao 56000 Thailand Research Group in Statistical Learning and Inference Department of Applied Statistics Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok 10800 Thailand Intelligent and Nonlinear Dynamic Innovations Research Center Department of Mathematics Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok 10800 Thailand

Detecting activities of daily living (ADL) is crucial for supported living and medical monitoring. Traditional approaches rely on high-resolution sensors and computationally intensive algorithms, limiting their scalability and practical use in real-world settings. This research introduces LowResIR-Net, a compact deep residual network architecture specifically tailored for recognizing ADL utilizing low-resolution infrared sensor data. LowResIR-Net efficiently extracts key features from low-dimensional data by leveraging the advantages of infrared sensing, such as privacy protection and light resilience. Its architecture combines residual connections with depth-wise convolutions, enhancing feature learning while maintaining a compact model size. The model’s performance is evaluated using the Coventry-2018 dataset, containing low-resolution infrared data from three residential sensor locations. Our tests have shown that in all three cases, LowResIR-Net consistently achieves superior performance compared to other cutting-edge deep learning models, such as CNN, LSTM, BiLSTM, GRU, and BiGRU. LowResIR-Net attains the most excellent accuracies of 90.18%, 93.75%, and 93.30%, and F1-scores of 81.81%, 89.55%, and 88.92% for scenarios I, II, and III, respectively. Furthermore, it achieves these results with fewer parameters than most other models. LowResIR-Net’s strong performance highlights its ability to accurately capture complex patterns in low-resolution infrared data for ADL detection. This study demonstrates the potential of lightweight deep learning and low-resolution infrared sensors in developing privacy-focused and computationally efficient wellness monitoring systems.

关键词： Activities of daily living low-resolution infrared sensors deep residual networks lightweight architecture healthcare monitoring

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Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease progression stages using hybrid of CNN and transformer encoder models

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-22页

作者： Almalki, Hassan Khadidos, Alaa O. Alhebaishi, Nawaf Senan, Ebrahim Mohammed Department of Information Technology College of Technology for Communications and Information Technical and Vocational training Corporation Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Center of Research Excellence in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Applied Sciences Hajjah University Hajjah Yemen Department of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Al-Razi University Sana’a Yemen

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory and cognitive functions. Manual diagnosis is prone to human error, often leading to misdiagnosis or delayed detection. MRI techniques help visualize the fine tissues of the brain cells, indicating the stage of disease progression. Artificial intelligence techniques analyze MRI with high accuracy and extract subtle features that are difficult to diagnose manually. In this study, a modern methodology was designed that combines the power of CNN models (ResNet101 and GoogLeNet) to extract local deep features and the power of Vision Transformer (ViT) models to extract global features and find relationships between image spots. First, the MRI images of the Open Access Imaging Studies Series (OASIS) dataset were improved by two filters: the adaptive median filter (AMF) and Laplacian filter. The ResNet101 and GoogLeNet models were modified to suit the feature extraction task and reduce computational cost. The ViT architecture was modified to reduce the computational cost while increasing the number of attention vertices to further discover global features and relationships between image patches. The enhanced images were fed into the proposed ViT-CNN methodology. The enhanced images were fed to the modified ResNet101 and GoogLeNet models to extract the deep feature maps with high accuracy. Deep feature maps were fed into the modified ViT model. The deep feature maps were partitioned into 32 feature maps using ResNet101 and 16 feature maps using GoogLeNet, both with a size of 64 features. The feature maps were encoded to recognize the spatial arrangement of the patch and preserve the relationship between patches, helping the self-attention layers distinguish between patches based on their positions. They were fed to the transformer encoder, which consisted of six blocks and multiple vertices to focus on different patterns or regions simultaneously. Finally, the MLP classification layers classify each

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease CNN-ViT GoogLeNet Hybrid Models ResNet101 Vision transformer

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A Deep Multi-Task Learning Network for Activity Recognition and User Identification Using Smartphone Sensors

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Procedia computer science 2025年 256卷 1350-1357页

Human activity recognition (HAR) and user identification utilizing smartphone sensors are crucial in domains such as wellness tracking, tailored services, and security. Conventional approaches handle these activities as distinct entities, leading to less-than-ideal performance and restricted applicability. This research presents a novel deep multi-task learning network that simultaneously performs activity recognition and user identification using smartphone sensor data. By leveraging shared representations and task-specific information, the network enhances accuracy. It combines a shared convolutional neural network (CNN) with bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) layers to extract features from raw sensor data. The CNN identifies patterns, while the BiLSTM captures sequential dependencies and contextual information. These features are processed by fully connected layers for both activity recognition and user identification. A multi-task loss function is proposed to optimize both tasks based on their complexity and importance. The approach is tested on the UCI-HAR dataset, containing diverse activities from multiple users. Experimental results show that the proposed CNN-BiLSTM model achieves 97.64% accuracy in activity recognition and 82.59% in user identification, surpassing current state-of-the-art methods. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the multi-task learning framework and the advantage of using the shared CNN-BiLSTM architecture for improving both tasks.

关键词： human activity recognition user identification multi-task learning deep learning smartphone sensors

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A HYBRID SWARM INTELLIGENCE APPROACH FOR OPTIMIZING MULTIMODAL LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS DEPLOYMENT IN EDGE-CLOUD-BASED FEDERATED LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Rjoub, Gaith Elmekki, Hanae Islam, Saidul Bentahar, Jamal Dssouli, Rachida Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada Department of Computer Science Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Faculty of Information Technology Aqaba University of Technology Aqaba Jordan

The combination of Federated Learning (FL), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), and edge-cloud computing enables distributed and real-time data processing while preserving privacy across edge devices and cloud infrastructure. However, the deployment of MLLMs in FL environments with resource-constrained edge devices presents significant challenges, including resource management, communication overhead, and non-IID data. To address these challenges, we propose a novel hybrid framework wherein MLLMs are deployed on edge devices equipped with sufficient resources and battery life, while the majority of training occurs in the cloud. To identify suitable edge devices for deployment, we employ Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is utilized to optimize the transmission of model updates between edge and cloud nodes. This proposed swarm intelligence-based framework aims to enhance the efficiency of MLLM training by conducting extensive training in the cloud and fine-tuning at the edge, thereby reducing energy consumption and communication costs. Our experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves system performance, achieving an accuracy of 92%, reducing communication cost by 30%, and enhancing client participation compared to traditional FL methods. These results make the proposed approach highly suitable for large-scale edge-cloud computing systems. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Federated learning

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RVAFM: Re-parameterizing Vertical Attention Fusion Module for Handwritten Paragraph Text Recognition

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zheng, Jinhui Liu, Zhiquan Si, Yain-Whar Li, Jianqing Zhang, Xinyuan Li, Xiaofan Huang, Haozhi Gong, Xueyuan School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering Jinan University Guangdong Province China College of Cyber Security Jinan University Guangdong Province China Department of Computer and Information Science Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau China School of Computer Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology China

Handwritten Paragraph Text Recognition (HPTR) is a challenging task in computer Vision, requiring the transformation of a paragraph text image, rich in handwritten text, into text encoding sequences. One of the most advanced models for this task is Vertical Attention Network (VAN), which utilizes a Vertical Attention Module (VAM) to implicitly segment paragraph text images into text lines, thereby reducing the difficulty of the recognition task. However, from a network structure perspective, VAM is a single-branch module, which is less effective in learning compared to multi-branch modules. In this paper, we propose a new module, named Re-parameterizing Vertical Attention Fusion Module (RVAFM), which incorporates structural re-parameterization techniques. RVAFM decouples the structure of the module during training and inference stages. During training, it uses a multi-branch structure for more effective learning, and during inference, it uses a single-branch structure for faster processing. The features learned by the multi-branch structure are fused into the single-branch structure through a special fusion method named Re-parameterization Fusion (RF) without any loss of information. As a result, we achieve a Character Error Rate (CER) of 4.44% and a Word Error Rate (WER) of 14.37% on the IAM paragraph-level test set. Additionally, the inference speed is slightly faster than VAN. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Parameterization

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Phototropic growth algorithm: A novel metaheuristic inspired from phototropic growth of plants

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Knowledge-Based systems 2025年 322卷

作者： Bohat, Vijay Kumar Hashim, Fatma A. Batra, Harshit Abd Elaziz, Mohamed Department of Computer Science & Engineering Netaji Subhas University of Technology Dwarka New Delhi110078 India Faculty of Engineering Helwan University Helwan Egypt Applied Science Research Center. Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Centre of Excellence in AI Netaji Subhas University of Technology Dwarka New Delhi110078 India Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Galala University Suez 435611 Egypt College of Engineering and Information Technology Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates

This paper presents a novel optimization algorithm called the Phototropic Growth Algorithm (PGA), which takes its inspiration from the growth patterns of plant cells in response to sunlight. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on two benchmark test function suites, the CEC 2017 and CEC 2020, and compared to other established metaheuristic-optimization algorithms based on the quality of the solutions obtained. The effectiveness of PGA is further demonstrated by testing it on six challenging engineering design problems with constraints, showcasing its robustness in solving real-world problems with unknown search spaces. Simulation results show that PGA outperforms other competitive algorithms by consistently generating superior solutions and demonstrates strong potential for solving complex optimization tasks using a nature-inspired approach. © 2025

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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