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Hybrid AOA-TDOA Localization of a Moving Source By Single Receiver

IEEE Transactions on Communications 2024年第6期73卷 4088-4104页

作者： Pang, Dandan Wang, Gang Ho, K.C. Ningbo University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo315211 China University of Missouri Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ColumbiaMO65211 United States

This paper addresses the passive source localization problem using hybrid angle-of-arrival (AOA) and time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements observed by single stationary receiver at several time intervals, when the source is moving with a constant velocity trajectory. We first show that the localization problem cannot be achieved using a sequence of one kind of measurements (i.e., AOAs only or TDOAs only), but can be accomplished by using both AOA and TDOA observations together. Then we develop a parametric model by integrating AOA and TDOA, and then formulate a non-convex constrained weighted least squares (CWLS) problem that is applicable to the 2-D and 3-D scenarios for locating the source. Benefiting from the integrated model, the global solution of the CWLS problem is guaranteed without having local convergence or divergence issues. Furthermore, we conduct the mean square error analysis to validate that the proposed method is able to reach the Cramer-Rao lower bound accuracy under small Gaussian noise for the 2-D and 3-D cases. Simulation results also confirm the good performance of the proposed method. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Time of arrival

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A Highly-Parallel and Scalable Hardware Accelerator for the NTest Othello Game Engine

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IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 2025年第8期36卷 1620-1633页

作者： Popa, Stefan Petric, Vlad Ivanovici, Mihai Transilvania University of Brasov Electronics and Computers Department Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Romania

Othello is a two-player combinatorial game with 1E+28 legal positions and 1E+58 game tree complexity. We propose a HIghly PArallel, Scalable and configurable hardware accelerator for evaluating the middle and endgame Othello positions. We base HIPAS on NTest - a leading software Othello engine that uses the minimax algorithm with a quality pattern-based evaluation function, alpha-beta pruning, and heuristic mobility sorting. We describe its architecture and Field Programmable Gate Array implementation, measure its performance, and compare it with prior solutions. HIPAS achieves the highest quality evaluation, the highest performance with speed-ups up to several hundreds, and the best energy efficiency. The main novelty is the algorithm implementation as a circular pipeline and a Finite State Machine with pseudo-parallel processing. Although Othello was recently claimed to be weakly solved, the game remains unsolved in a stronger sense. A weak solution only shows how to force a draw. It does not guarantee a win if the opponent makes a mistake. HIPAS can validate the weak solution faster and more efficiently. A multi-threaded NTest software component evaluating the beginning and part of the middle game, combined with one or more instances of HIPAS for handling the remainder can provide a stronger solution. © 1990-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Middleware

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Privacy-preserving explainable AI: a survey

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 23-56页

作者： Thanh Tam NGUYEN Thanh Trung HUYNH Zhao REN Thanh Toan NGUYEN Phi Le NGUYEN Hongzhi YIN Quoc Viet Hung NGUYEN School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University School of Computer and Communication Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Bremen Faculty of Information Technology HUTECH University Department of Computer Science Hanoi University of Science and Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland

As the adoption of explainable AI(XAI) continues to expand, the urgency to address its privacy implications intensifies. Despite a growing corpus of research in AI privacy and explainability, there is little attention on privacy-preserving model explanations. This article presents the first thorough survey about privacy attacks on model explanations and their countermeasures. Our contribution to this field comprises a thorough analysis of research papers with a connected taxonomy that facilitates the categorization of privacy attacks and countermeasures based on the targeted explanations. This work also includes an initial investigation into the causes of privacy leaks. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues and prospective research directions uncovered in our analysis. This survey aims to be a valuable resource for the research community and offers clear insights for those new to this domain. To support ongoing research, we have established an online resource repository, which will be continuously updated with new and relevant findings.

关键词： privacy-preserving explainable AI privacy attacks privacy defences PrivEx PPXAI

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Optimized COVID-19 detection using sparse deep learning models from multimodal imaging data

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第13期84卷 11451-11474页

作者： Moradi, MohammadMahdi Hassanzadeh, Alireza Haghanifar, Arman Ko, Seok Bum Faculty of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University MontrealQC Canada Faculty of Electrical Engineering Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonSK Canada

This paper explores the global spread of the COVID-19 virus since 2019, impacting 219 countries worldwide. Despite the absence of a definitive cure, the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) methods for disease diagnosis has demonstrated commendable effectiveness in promptly diagnosing patients and curbing infection transmission. The study introduces a deep learning-based model tailored for COVID-19 detection, leveraging three prevalent medical imaging modalities: computed tomography (CT), chest X-ray (CXR), and Ultrasound. Various deep Transfer Learning Convolutional Neural Network-based (CNN) models have undergone assessment for each imaging modality. For each imaging modality, this study has selected the two most accurate models based on evaluation metrics such as accuracy and loss. Additionally, efforts have been made to prune unnecessary weights from these models to obtain more efficient and sparse models. By fusing these pruned models, enhanced performance has been achieved. The models have undergone rigorous training and testing using publicly available real-world medical datasets, focusing on classifying these datasets into three distinct categories: Normal, COVID-19 Pneumonia, and non-COVID-19 Pneumonia. The primary objective is to develop an optimized and swift model through strategies like Transfer Learning, Ensemble Learning, and reducing network complexity, making it easier for storage and transfer. The results of the trained network on test data exhibit promising outcomes. The accuracy of these models on the CT scan, X-ray, and ultrasound datasets stands at 99.4%, 98.9%, and 99.3%, respectively. Moreover, these models’ sizes have been substantially reduced and optimized by 51.93%, 38.00%, and 69.07%, respectively. This study proposes a computer-aided-coronavirus-detection system based on three standard medical imaging techniques. The intention is to assist radiologists in accurately and swiftly diagnosing the disease, especially during the screen

关键词： COVID-19

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A State-Migration Particle Swarm Optimizer for Adaptive Latent Factor Analysis of High-Dimensional and Incomplete Data

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第11期11卷 2220-2235页

作者： Jiufang Chen Kechen Liu Xin Luo Ye Yuan Khaled Sedraoui Yusuf Al-Turki MengChu Zhou IEEE the College of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications the Department of Computer Science Columbia University the College of Computer and Information Science Southwest University the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineeringand also with K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation CenterKing Abdulaziz University the Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems the Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of Engineeringand also with K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation CenterKing Abdulaziz University the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology

High-dimensional and incomplete(HDI) matrices are primarily generated in all kinds of big-data-related practical applications. A latent factor analysis(LFA) model is capable of conducting efficient representation learning to an HDI matrix,whose hyper-parameter adaptation can be implemented through a particle swarm optimizer(PSO) to meet scalable ***, conventional PSO is limited by its premature issues,which leads to the accuracy loss of a resultant LFA model. To address this thorny issue, this study merges the information of each particle's state migration into its evolution process following the principle of a generalized momentum method for improving its search ability, thereby building a state-migration particle swarm optimizer(SPSO), whose theoretical convergence is rigorously proved in this study. It is then incorporated into an LFA model for implementing efficient hyper-parameter adaptation without accuracy loss. Experiments on six HDI matrices indicate that an SPSO-incorporated LFA model outperforms state-of-the-art LFA models in terms of prediction accuracy for missing data of an HDI matrix with competitive computational ***, SPSO's use ensures efficient and reliable hyper-parameter adaptation in an LFA model, thus ensuring practicality and accurate representation learning for HDI matrices.

关键词： Data science generalized momentum high-dimensional and incomplete(HDI)data hyper-parameter adaptation latent factor analysis(LFA) particle swarm optimization(PSO)

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Dictionary Attention-Weighted Cross-Domain Contrastive Learning for Remote Sensing Image Change Detection

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Data Intelligence 2024年第4期6卷 893-908页

作者： Tian Wei Youfa Liu Rui Zhao School of Computer Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University315211China

Significant progress has been made in remote sensing image change detection due to the rapid development of Deep Learning techniques. Convolutional neural networks(CNNs) have become foundational models in this field. Previous works on remote sensing image change detection has utilized domain adaptation methods, achieving promising predictive performance. However, the transferable knowledge between source and target domain has not been fully exploited. In this paper, we propose a novel cross-domain contrastive learning approach for remote sensing image change detection, which correlates source and target domain using contrastive principles. Specifically, we introduce a transferable cross-domain Dictionary Learning scheme where a shared dictionary between the source and target domains generates sparse representations. Based on these representations, we compute attention weights and propose an attention-weighted contrastive loss to enhance knowledge transfer between source and target domains. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods on public remote sensing image change detection datasets.

关键词： Change detection Domain adaptation Contrastive learning Dictionary Learning Attention mechanism

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A Strong PUF-Based Security Protocol to Protect AI Model Parameters Against Privacy Information Leakage

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第12期12卷 20815-20827页

作者： Zhou, Ziyu Li, Gang Zhang, Yuejun Zheng, Ziyang Yuan, Tengfei Wang, Pengjun Ningbo University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo315211 China Wenzhou University College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wenzhou325000 China

In the era of intelligent computing, with the aid of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, artificial intelligence (AI) chips can be embedded at the terminal, object, edge, and cloud levels, ultimately achieving the vision where there is computation, there is AI intelligence. This not only enhances the efficiency of production and daily life but also exponentially increases the risk of privacy information leakage within AI models. This article leverages the characteristics of strong physical unclonable functions (PUFs), in which the inherent feature information is hidden in physical variations and difficult to steal, to design a security protocol based on strong PUFs that provides effective protection for AI model parameters in the IoT environment. The protocol treats AI model parameters as responses and selects challenges capable of generating these responses. Since the responses generated by the challenges can be considered as randomly generated, transmitting the challenges does not disclose the response information, thus avoiding the risk of parameter hacking. Additionally, the protocol utilizes machine-learning modeling techniques and lightweight encryption technologies to reduce the storage costs for identity information and the computational overhead of encryption operations. Through a security analysis of the protocol, it demonstrates that even under ideal attack conditions, the proposed protocol can resist various attacks. By using formal verification with the ProVerif tool, it confirms the security of the protocol flow and the effective protection of private information. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Improving the Stability of APUF to 100% Without Extra Hardware Overhead for Enhancing the Performance of Security Authentication Protocols

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第12期12卷 19818-19832页

作者： Zhou, Ziyu Wang, Pengjun Li, Gang Hu, Shuang Zhang, Yuejun Ningbo University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo315211 China Wenzhou University College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wenzhou325000 China

With the increasing number of devices in the Internet of Things (IoT), security has become a necessary feature. Compared to traditional key encryption methods, IoT device authentication protocols based on strong Physically unclonable function (PUF) have the advantage of being difficult to leak and tamper with. In addition, the protocol can enhance the resistance of strong PUFs to machine learning (ML) attacks by encrypting private information. However, the quality of the authentication is strongly related to the stability of the generated responses. If a large cost is incurred to improve the stability of the strong PUF, it will consume the already scarce resources of the device. This article proposes a challenge screening strategy to improve the response stability of a commonly used strong PUF, arbiter PUF (APUF). First, a precise modeling method of APUF is carried out using the logistic-regression ML algorithm. Subsequently, random noise is injected into the challenges or PUF mathematical model and then calculated to estimate whether a stable response can be produced. Finally, stable challenges are used for IoT device authentication, while the threshold of the protocol is increased in parallel. Experimental verification shows that the proposed strategy can increase the stability of APUF responses to 100% at different temperatures. Furthermore, it does not consume hardware overhead at the device end, which is of particular significance for applications in resource-constrained conditions. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Hybrid two-level protection system for preserving pre-trained DNN models ownership

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第34期36卷 21415-21449页

作者： Fkirin, Alaa Moursi, Ahmed Samy Attiya, Gamal El-Sayed, Ayman Shouman, Marwa A. Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Fayoum University Fayoum Egypt Computer Science and Engineering Department Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia Governorate Menouf32952 Egypt

Recent advancements in deep neural networks (DNNs) have made them indispensable for numerous commercial applications. These include healthcare systems and self-driving cars. Training DNN models typically demands substantial time, vast datasets and high computational costs. However, these valuable models face significant risks. Attackers can steal and sell pre-trained DNN models for profit. Unauthorised sharing of these models poses a serious threat. Once sold, they can be easily copied and redistributed. Therefore, a well-built pre-trained DNN model is a valuable asset that requires protection. This paper introduces a robust hybrid two-level protection system for safeguarding the ownership of pre-trained DNN models. The first-level employs zero-bit watermarking. The second-level incorporates an adversarial attack as a watermark by using a perturbation technique to embed the watermark. The robustness of the proposed system is evaluated against seven types of attacks. These are Fast Gradient Method Attack, Auto Projected Gradient Descent Attack, Auto Conjugate Gradient Attack, Basic Iterative Method Attack, Momentum Iterative Method Attack, Square Attack and Auto Attack. The proposed two-level protection system withstands all seven attack types. It maintains accuracy and surpasses current state-of-the-art methods. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Synthetic Knowledge Synthesis in Hospital Libraries

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Journal of Hospital Librarianship 2024年第1期24卷 10-17页

作者： Kokol, Peter Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maribor Maribor Slovenia

Knowledge explosion is associated with the exponential growth of research literature production, triggering the need for new approaches to structure and synthesize knowledge. Traditional knowledge synthesis approaches have weaknesses like requiring many resources, being time and labor consuming, and being executed manually. To overcome these weaknesses, we developed a new semi-automated synthesis approach, synthetic knowledge synthesis (SKS). The new approach is a triangulation of bibliometrics, bibliometric mapping, and content analysis and can be used by hospital librarians to advance their role as partners in health research. In this paper, we present SKS and demonstrate its use. © 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Bibliometrics content analysis knowledge explosion new library services synthetic knowledge synthesis

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