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All-sky search for long-duration gravitational-wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

Physical Review D 2021年第10期104卷 102001-102001页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic C. Buy R. L. Byer L. Cadonati G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane J. Calderón Bustillo J. D. Callaghan T. A. Callis LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II ” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière F-69622 Villeurbanne France

After the detection of gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences, the search for transient gravitational-wave signals with less well-defined waveforms for which matched filtering is not well suited is one of the frontiers for gravitational-wave astronomy. Broadly classified into “short” ≲1 s and “long” ≳1 s duration signals, these signals are expected from a variety of astrophysical processes, including non-axisymmetric deformations in magnetars or eccentric binary black hole coalescences. In this work, we present a search for long-duration gravitational-wave transients from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run from April 2019 to March 2020. For this search, we use minimal assumptions for the sky location, event time, waveform morphology, and duration of the source. The search covers the range of 2–500 s in duration and a frequency band of 24–2048 Hz. We find no significant triggers within this parameter space; we report sensitivity limits on the signal strength of gravitational waves characterized by the root-sum-square amplitude hrss as a function of waveform morphology. These hrss limits improve upon the results from the second observing run by an average factor of 1.8.

关键词： Astrophysical studies of gravity Gravitational wave detection Gravitational wave sources Gravitational waves

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All-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars in the early O3 LIGO data

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Physical Review D 2021年第8期104卷 082004-082004页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott S. Abraham F. Acernese K. Ackley A. Adams C. Adams R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu K. M. Aleman G. Allen A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koya Arai Koji Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin P. Aufmuth K. AultONeal C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer M. Bals A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar R. S. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik J. Bidler I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn J. Blackman C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant A. Buikema T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic R. L. Byer L. Cadonati M. Caesar G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane H. W. Cain, III J. Calderón Bustillo J. LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia Christopher Newport University Newport News Virginia 23606 USA LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) I-67100 L’Aquila Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso I-67100 Assergi Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Università di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan California State University Fullerton Fullerton California 92831 USA NCSA University of Illi

We report on an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in the frequency band 20–2000 Hz and with a frequency time derivative in the range of [−1.0,+0.1]×10−8 Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby, spinning and slightly nonaxisymmetric isolated neutron star in our Galaxy. This search uses the LIGO data from the first six months of Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observational run, O3. No periodic gravitational wave signals are observed, and 95% confidence-level (C.L.) frequentist upper limits are placed on their strengths. The lowest upper limits on worst-case (linearly polarized) strain amplitude h0 are ∼1.7×10−25 near 200 Hz. For a circularly polarized source (most favorable orientation), the lowest upper limits are ∼6.3×10−26. These strict frequentist upper limits refer to all sky locations and the entire range of frequency derivative values. For a population-averaged ensemble of sky locations and stellar orientations, the lowest 95% C.L. upper limits on the strain amplitude are ∼1.4×10−25. These upper limits improve upon our previously published all-sky results, with the greatest improvement (factor of ∼2) seen at higher frequencies, in part because quantum squeezing has dramatically improved the detector noise level relative to the second observational run, O2. These limits are the most constraining to date over most of the parameter space searched.

关键词： Astrophysical studies of gravity Gravitational wave detection Gravitational wave sources Gravitational waves

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All-sky search for short gravitational-wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

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Physical Review D 2021年第12期104卷 122004-122004页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi C. P. L. Berry D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic C. Buy R. L. Byer L. Cadonati G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane J. Calderón Bustillo J. D. Callagh LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II ” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière F-69622 Villeurbanne Franc

This paper presents the results of a search for generic short-duration gravitational-wave transients in data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. Transients with durations of milliseconds to a few seconds in the 24–4096 Hz frequency band are targeted by the search, with no assumptions made regarding the incoming signal direction, polarization, or morphology. Gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences that have been identified by other targeted analyses are detected, but no statistically significant evidence for other gravitational wave bursts is found. Sensitivities to a variety of signals are presented. These include updated upper limits on the source rate density as a function of the characteristic frequency of the signal, which are roughly an order of magnitude better than previous upper limits. This search is sensitive to sources radiating as little as ∼10−10 M⊙c2 in gravitational waves at ∼70 Hz from a distance of 10 kpc, with 50% detection efficiency at a false alarm rate of one per century. The sensitivity of this search to two plausible astrophysical sources is estimated: neutron star f modes, which may be excited by pulsar glitches, as well as selected core-collapse supernova models.

关键词： Gravitational wave sources Gravitational waves

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Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars in the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

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Astrophysical Journal 2025年第2期983卷 99-99页

作者： Abac, A.G. Abbott, R. Abouelfettouh, I. Acernese, F. Ackley, K. Adhicary, S. Adhikari, N. Adhikari, R.X. Adkins, V.K. Agarwal, D. Agathos, M. Aghaei Abchouyeh, M. Aguiar, O.D. Aguilar, I. Aiello, L. Ain, A. Ajith, P. Akutsu, T. Albanesi, S. Alfaidi, R.A. Al-Jodah, A. Alléné, C. Allocca, A. Al-Shammari, S. Altin, P.A. Alvarez-Lopez, S. Amato, A. Amez-Droz, L. Amorosi, A. Amra, C. Ananyeva, A. Anderson, S.B. Anderson, W.G. Andia, M. Ando, M. Andrade, T. Andres, N. Andrés-Carcasona, M. Andrić, T. Anglin, J. Ansoldi, S. Antelis, J.M. Antier, S. Aoumi, M. Appavuravther, E.Z. Appert, S. Apple, S.K. Arai, K. Araya, A. Araya, M.C. Areeda, J.S. Argianas, L. Aritomi, N. Armato, F. Arnaud, N. Arogeti, M. Aronson, S.M. Ashton, G. Aso, Y. Assiduo, M. Assis de Souza Melo, S. Aston, S.M. Astone, P. Attadio, F. Aubin, F. AultONeal, K. Avallone, G. Babak, S. Badaracco, F. Badger, C. Bae, S. Bagnasco, S. Bagui, E. Baier, J.G. Baiotti, L. Bajpai, R. Baka, T. Ball, M. Ballardin, G. Ballmer, S.W. Banagiri, S. Banerjee, B. Bankar, D. Baral, P. Barayoga, J.C. Barish, B.C. Barker, D. Barneo, P. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barta, D. Bartoletti, A.M. Barton, M.A. Bartos, I. Basak, S. Basalaev, A. Bassiri, R. Basti, A. Bates, D.E. Bawaj, M. Baxi, P. Bayley, J.C. Baylor, A.C. Baynard, P.A. Bazzan, M. Bedakihale, V.M. Beirnaert, F. Bejger, M. Belardinelli, D. Bell, A.S. Benedetto, V. Benoit, W. Bentley, J.D. Ben Yaala, M. Bera, S. Berbel, M. Bergamin, F. Berger, B.K. Bernuzzi, S. Beroiz, M. Bersanetti, D. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, D. Bevins, N. Bhandare, R. Bhardwaj, U. Bhatt, R. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhaumik, S. Bhowmick, S. Bianchi, A. Bilenko, I.A. Billingsley, G. Binetti, A. Bini, S. Birnholtz, O. Biscoveanu, S. Bisht, A. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M.-A. Blackburn, J.K. Blagg, L.A. Blair, C.D. Blair, D.G. Bobba, F. Bode, N. Boileau, G. Boldrini, M. Bolingbroke, G.N. Bolliand, A. Bonavena, L.D. Bondarescu, R. Bondu, F. Bonilla, E. Bonilla, M.S. Bonino, A. Bonnand, R. Booker, P. Borchers, A. Boschi, V. Bose, S. Boss Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) Potsdam D-14476 Germany LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena 91125 CA United States LIGO Hanford Observatory Richland 99352 WA United States Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno Fisciano Salerno I-84084 Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Napoli I-80126 Italy University of Warwick Coventry CV 47AL United Kingdom The Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee 53201 WI United States Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA United States Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348 Belgium Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy Sejong University 209 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-747 South Korea Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São José dos Campos São Paulo 12227-010 Brazil Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Università di Roma Tor Vergata Roma I-00133 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata Roma I-00133 Italy Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen 2000 Belgium International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Jena D-07743 Germany Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy SUPA University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom OzGrav University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 WA

Continuous gravitational waves (CWs) emission from neutron stars carries information about their internal structure and equation of state, and it can provide tests of general relativity. We present a search for CWs from a set of 45 known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run, known as O4a. We conducted a targeted search for each pulsar using three independent analysis methods considering single-harmonic and dual-harmonic emission models. We find no evidence of a CW signal in O4a data for both models and set upper limits on the signal amplitude and on the ellipticity, which quantifies the asymmetry in the neutron star mass distribution. For the single-harmonic emission model, 29 targets have the upper limit on the amplitude below the theoretical spin-down limit. The lowest upper limit on the amplitude is 6.4 × 10^-27 for the young energetic pulsar J0537-6910, while the lowest constraint on the ellipticity is 8.8 × 10^-9 for the bright nearby millisecond pulsar J0437-4715. Additionally, for a subset of 16 targets, we performed a narrowband search that is more robust regarding the emission model, with no evidence of a signal. We also found no evidence of nonstandard polarizations as predicted by the Brans-Dicke theory. © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers (vol 578, pg 122, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E42-E42页

作者： Gerstung, Moritz Jolly, Clemency Leshchiner, Ignaty Dentro, Stefan C. Gonzalez, Santiago Rosebrock, Daniel Mitchell, Thomas J. Rubanova, Yulia Anur, Pavana Yu, Kaixian Tarabichi, Maxime Deshwar, Amit Wintersinger, Jeff Kleinheinz, Kortine Vazquez-Garcia, Ignacio Haase, Kerstin Jerman, Lara Sengupta, Subhajit Macintyre, Geoff Malikic, Salem Donmez, Nilgun Livitz, Dimitri G. Cmero, Marek Demeulemeester, Jonas Schumacher, Steven Fan, Yu Yao, Xiaotong Lee, Juhee Schlesner, Matthias Boutros, Paul C. Bowtell, David D. Zhu, Hongtu Getz, Gad Imielinski, Marcin Beroukhim, Rameen Sahinalp, S. Cenk Ji, Yuan Peifer, Martin Markowetz, Florian Mustonen, Ville Yuan, Ke Wang, Wenyi Morris, Quaid D. Spellman, Paul T. Wedge, David C. Van Loo, Peter European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Cambridge UK European Molecular Biology Laboratory Genome Biology Unit Heidelberg Germany Wellcome Sanger Institute Cambridge UK Genome Biology Unit European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg Germany University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia The Francis Crick Institute London UK Big Data Institute University of Oxford Oxford UK Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Big Data Institute Li Ka Shing Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Centre for Mathematical Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Department of Statistics Columbia University New York NY USA Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto Ontario Canada Vector Institute Toronto ON Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto Ontario Canada University of California Los Angeles

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Embedded Software of the KM3NeT Central Logic Board

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Aiello, S. Albert, A. Alves Garre, S. Aly, Z. Ambrosone, A. Ameli, F. Andre, M. Androutsou, E. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, M. Aphecetche, L. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Atmani, H. Aublin, J. Bagatelas, C. Bailly-Salins, L. Bardačová, Z. Baret, B. du Pree, S. Basegmez Becherini, Y. Bendahman, M. Benfenati, F. Benhassi, M. Benoit, D.M. Berbee, E. Bertin, V. van Beveren, V. Biagi, S. Boettcher, M. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M. Bozza, C. Bozza, R.M. Brânzaş, H. Bretaudeau, F. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Bruno, R. Buis, E. Buompane, R. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Calvo, D. Campion, S. Capone, A. Carenini, F. Carretero, V. Cartraud, T. Castaldi, P. Cecchini, V. Celli, S. Cerisy, L. Chabab, M. Chadolias, M. Chen, A. Cherubini, S. Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Cocimano, R. Coelho, J.A.B. Coleiro, A. Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Cruz, A. Cuttone, G. Dallier, R. Darras, Y. De Benedittis, A. De Martino, B. Decoene, V. Del Burgo, R. Di Mauro, L.S. Di Palma, I. Díaz, A.F. Diego-Tortosa, D. Distefano, C. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Dörr, M. Drakopoulou, E. Drouhin, D. Dvornický, R. Eberl, T. Eckerová, E. Eddymaoui, A. van Eeden, T. Eff, M. van Eijk, D. El Bojaddaini, I. El Hedri, S. Enzenhöfer, A. Ferrara, G. Filipović, M.D. Filippini, F. Fusco, L.A. Gabella, O. Gabriel, J. Gagliardini, S. Gal, T. García Méndez, J. Garcia Soto, A. Gatius Oliver, C. Geißelbrecht, N. Ghaddari, H. Gialanella, L. Gibson, B.K. Giorgio, E. Girardi, A. Goos, I. Goupilliere, D. Gozzini, S.R. Gracia, R. Graf, K. Guidi, C. Guillon, B. Gutiérrez, M. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, A. Hennig, L. Hernández-Rey, J.J. Huang, F. Idrissi Ibnsalih, W. Illuminati, G. James, C.W. Jansweijer, P. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Jung, B.J. Kalaczyński, P. Kalekin, O. Katz, U.F. Khan Chowdhury, N.R. Khatun, A. Kistauri, G. Kopper, C. Kouchner, A. Kulikovskiy, V. Kvatadze, R. Labalme, M. Lahmann, R. Larosa, G. Lastoria, C. Lazo, A. Le Stum, S. Lehaut, G. Leonora, E. INFN Sezione di Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 Catania95123 Italy Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 StrasbourgF-67000 France IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular CSIC - Universitat de València c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna Valencia46980 Spain Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy Università di Napoli "Federico II" Dip. Scienze Fisiche "E. Pancini" Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Laboratori d’Aplicacions Bioacústiques Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú Avda. Rambla Exposició s/n Vilanova i la Geltrú08800 Spain NCSR Demokritos Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics Ag. Paraskevi Attikis Athens15310 Greece INFN Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy University of Granada Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology CITIC Granada18071 Spain Subatech IMT Atlantique IN2P3-CNRS Université de Nantes 4 rue Alfred Kastler - La Chantrerie BP 20722 Nantes44307 France Universitat Politècnica de València Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras C/Paranimf 1 Gandia46730 Spain University Mohammed V in Rabat Faculty of Sciences 4 av. Ibn Battouta B.P. 1014 RabatR.P. 10000 Morocco Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France LPC CAEN Normandie Univ. ENSICAEN UNICAEN CNRS IN2P3 6 boulevard Maréchal Juin Caen14050 France Czech Technical University in Prague Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Husova 240/5 Prague110 00 Czech Republic Comenius University in Bratislava Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Mlynska dolina F1 Bratislava842 48 Slovakia National Institute for Subatomic Physics PO Box 41882 Amsterdam1009 DB Netherlands INFN Sezione di Bologna

The KM3NeT Collaboration is building and operating two deep sea neutrino telescopes at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The telescopes consist of latices of photomultiplier tubes housed in pressure-resistant glass spheres, called digital optical modules and arranged in vertical detection units. The two main scientific goals are the determination of the neutrino mass ordering and the discovery and observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe. Neutrinos are detected via the Cherenkov light, which is induced by charged particles originated in neutrino interactions. The photomultiplier tubes convert the Cherenkov light into electrical signals that are acquired and timestamped by the acquisition electronics. Each optical module houses the acquisition electronics for collecting and timestamping the photomultiplier signals with one nanosecond accuracy. Once finished, the two telescopes will have installed more than six thousand optical acquisition nodes, completing one of the more complex networks in the world in terms of operation and synchronization. The embedded software running in the acquisition nodes has been designed to provide a framework that will operate with different hardware versions and functionalities. The hardware will not be accessible once in operation, which complicates the embedded software architecture. The embedded software provides a set of tools to facilitate remote manageability of the deployed hardware, including safe reconfiguration of the firmware. This paper presents the architecture and the techniques, methods and implementation of the embedded software running in the acquisition nodes of the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Photomultipliers

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Exploring direct learning instruction and external stimuli effects on learner's states and mouse/keystroke behaviours

Exploring direct learning instruction and external stimuli e...

引用

International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr)

作者： Yee Mei Lim Aladdin Ayesh Martin Stacey Faculty of Applied Sciences and Computing Tunku Abdul Rahman University College Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Faculty of Technology De Montfort University Leicester United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781509026326

A modern Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) should be sentient of learner's cognitive and affective states, as learner's performance could be affected by motivational and emotional factors. It is important to design a low-cost and unobtrusive computational method for ITS to determine learner's states automatically. The automated learner's data sensing is useful in the development of personalized e-learning that can adapt learning content according to individual's emotion. Although many past findings relate stressor such as task demand to learner's emotion, however there is a lack of existing studies that examine the impact of stressor on learners' cognitive states and their mouse and keystroke dynamics. This exploratory research, conducted on 160 undergraduate students, found that the impacts of direct learning instruction and external stress stimuli, such as timer display, on learner's cognitive and affective states are significant. The correlations between direct instruction, external stimuli, learners' cognitive and affective states, as well as their mouse and keystroke behaviours are also significant.

关键词： Mice Stress Clocks Correlation Physiology Electronic learning Pressure measurement

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Prospects for combined analyses of hadronic emission from γ-ray sources in the Milky Way with CTA and KM3NeT

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Unbehaun, T. Mohrmann, L. Funk, S. Aiello, S. Albert, A. Alves Garre, S. Aly, Z. Ambrosone, A. Ameli, F. Andre, M. Androutsou, E. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, M. Aphecetche, L. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Atmani, H. Aublin, J. Bagatelas, C. Bailly-Salins, L. Bardačová, Z. Baret, B. Basegmez du Pree, S. Becherini, Y. Bendahman, M. Benfenati, F. Benhassi, M. Benoit, D.M. Berbee, E. Bertin, V. Biagi, S. Boettcher, M. Bou Cabo, M. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M. Bozza, C. Bozza, R.M. Brânzaş, H. Bretaudeau, F. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Bruno, R. Buis, E. Buompane, R. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Calvo, D. Campion, S. Capone, A. Carenini, F. Carretero, V. Cartraud, T. Castaldi, P. Cecchini, V. Celli, S. Cerisy, L. Chabab, M. Chadolias, M. Chen, A. Cherubini, S. Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Cocimano, R. Coelho, J.A.B. Coleiro, A. Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Cruz, A. Cuttone, G. Dallier, R. Darras, Y. De Benedittis, A. De Martino, B. Decoene, V. Del Burgo, R. Di Mauro, L.S. Di Palma, I. Díaz, A.F. Diego-Tortosa, D. Distefano, C. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Dörr, M. Drakopoulou, E. Drouhin, D. Dvornický, R. Eberl, T. Eckerová, E. Eddymaoui, A. van Eeden, T. Eff, M. van Eijk, D. El Bojaddaini, I. El Hedri, S. Enzenhöfer, A. Ferrara, G. Filipović, M.D. Filippini, F. Fusco, L.A. Gabriel, J. Gal, T. García Méndez, J. Garcia Soto, A. Gatius Oliver, C. Geißelbrecht, N. Ghaddari, H. Gialanella, L. Gibson, B.K. Giorgio, E. Girardi, A. Goos, I. Gozzini, S.R. Gracia, R. Graf, K. Guderian, D. Guidi, C. Guillon, B. Gutiérrez, M. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, A. Hennig, L. Hernández-Rey, J.J. Huang, F. Idrissi Ibnsalih, W. Illuminati, G. James, C.W. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Jung, B.J. Kalaczynski, P. Kalekin, O. Katz, U.F. Khan Chowdhury, N.R. Khatun, A. Kistauri, G. van der Knaap, F. Kouchner, A. Kulikovskiy, V. Kvatadze, R. Labalme, M. Lahmann, R. Larosa, G. Lastoria, C. Lazo, A. Le Stum, S. Lehaut, G. Leonora, E. Lessing, N. Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 2 Erlangen91058 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 1 Heidelberg69117 Germany INFN Sezione di Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 Catania95123 Italy Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 StrasbourgF-67000 France c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna Valencia46980 Spain Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy Università di Napoli "Federico II" Dip. Scienze Fisiche "E. Pancini" Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú Avda. Rambla Exposició s/n Vilanova i la Geltrú08800 Spain NCSR Demokritos Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics Ag. Paraskevi Attikis Athens15310 Greece INFN Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy University of Granada Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology CITIC Granada18071 Spain Subatech IMT Atlantique IN2P3-CNRS Université de Nantes 4 rue Alfred Kastler - La Chantrerie BP 20722 Nantes44307 France Universitat Politècnica de València Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras C/Paranimf 1 Gandia46730 Spain University Mohammed V in Rabat Faculty of Sciences 4 av. Ibn Battouta B.P. 1014 R.P. Rabat10000 Morocco Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France LPC CAEN Normandie Univ ENSICAEN UNICAEN CNRS IN2P3 6 boulevard Maréchal Juin Caen14050 France Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics PO Box 41882 Amsterdam1009 DB Netherlands INFN Sezione di Bologna v.le C. Berti-Pichat 6/2 Bologna40127 Italy Università di Bologna Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia v.l

The Cherenkov Telescope Array and the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes are major upcoming facilities in the fields of γ-ray and neutrino astronomy, respectively. Possible simultaneous production of γ rays and neutrinos in astrophysical accelerators of cosmic-ray nuclei motivates a combination of their data. We assess the potential of a combined analysis of CTA and KM3NeT data to determine the contribution of hadronic emission processes in known Galactic γ-ray emitters, comparing this result to the cases of two separate analyses. In doing so, we demonstrate the capability of GAMMAPY, an open-source software package for the analysis of γ-ray data, to also process data from neutrino telescopes. For a selection of prototypical γ-ray sources within our Galaxy, we obtain models for primary proton and electron spectra in the hadronic and leptonic emission scenario, respectively, by fitting published γ-ray spectra. Using these models and instrument response functions for both detectors, we employ the GAMMAPY package to generate pseudo data sets, where we assume 200 hours of CTA observations and 10 years of KM3NeT detector operation. We then apply a three-dimensional binned likelihood analysis to these data sets, separately for each instrument and jointly for both. We find that the largest benefit of the combined analysis lies in the possibility of a consistent modelling of the γ-ray and neutrino emission. Assuming a purely leptonic scenario as input, we obtain, for the most favourable source, an average expected 68% credible interval that constrains the contribution of hadronic processes to the observed γ-ray emission to below 15%. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Shadowing, asymptotic shadowing and s-limit shadowing

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Good, Chris Oprocha, Piotr Puljiz, Mate School of Mathematics University of Birmingham BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Applied Mathematics al. Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland National Supercomputing Centre IT4Innovations Division of the University of Ostrava Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling 30. dubna 22 Ostrava70103 Czech Republic University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Unska 3 Zagreb10000 Croatia

We study three notions of shadowing: classical shadowing, limit (or asymptotic) shadowing, and s-limit shadowing. We show that classical and s-limit shadowing coincide for tent maps and, more generally, for piecewise linear interval maps with constant slopes, and are further equivalent to the linking property introduced by Chen in [15]. We also construct a system which exhibits shadowing but not limit shadowing, and we study how shadowing properties transfer to maximal transitive subsystems and inverse limits (sometimes called natural extensions). Where practicable, we show that our results are best possible by means of *** Codes 37E05 (Primary), 37C50, 37B10, 54H20, 26A18 (Secondary) Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Piecewise linear techniques

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Partition-based discrete-time quantum walks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Konno, Norio Portugal, Renato Sato, Iwao Segawa, Etsuo Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Engineering Yokohama National University Hodogaya Yokohama240-8501 Japan National Laboratory of Scientific Computing - LNCC Av. Getúlio Vargas 333 Petrópolis RJ25651-075 Brazil Oyama National College of Technology Oyama Tochigi323-0806 Japan Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University Aoba Sendai980-8579 Japan

We introduce a family of discrete-time quantum walks, called two-partition model, based on two equivalence-class partitions of the computational basis, which establish the notion of local dynamics. This family encompasses most versions of unitary discrete-time quantum walks driven by two local operators studied in literature, such as the coined model, Szegedy's model, and the 2-tessellable staggered model. We also analyze the connection of those models with the two-step coined model, which is driven by the square of the evolution operator of the standard discrete-time coined walk. We prove formally that the two-step coined model, an extension of Szegedy model for multigraphs, and the two-tessellable staggered model are unitarily equivalent. Then, selecting one specific model among those families is a matter of taste not generality. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Equivalence classes

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