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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Anghinolfi, M. Benfenati, F. Cereseto, R. Cocimano, R. Leismuller, K. D’Amato, C. Dalle Fabbriche, S. Mastroianni, S. Migliozzi, P. Mollo, C.M. Nicolau, C. Ottonello, S. Pellegrini, G. Riccobene, G. Roscilli, L. Rovelli, A. Viola, S. Aiello, S. Albert, A. Alves Garre, S. Aly, Z. Ambrosone, A. Ameli, F. Andre, M. Androutsou, E. Anguita, M. Aphecetche, L. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Atmani, H. Aublin, J. Bailly-Salins, L. Bardačová, Z. Baret, B. Bariego-Quintana, A. Basegmez du Pree, S. Becherini, Y. Bendahman, M. Benhassi, M. Benoit, D.M. Berbee, E. Bertin, V. Biagi, S. Boettcher, M. Bonanno, D. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M. Bozza, C. Bozza, R.M. Brânzaş, H. Bretaudeau, F. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Bruno, R. Buis, E. Buompane, R. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Calvo, D. Campion, S. Capone, A. Carenini, F. Carretero, V. Cartraud, T. Castaldi, P. Cecchini, V. Celli, S. Cerisy, L. Chabab, M. Chadolias, M. Chen, A. Cherubini, S. Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Coelho, J.A.B. Coleiro, A. Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Cruz, A. Cuttone, G. Dallier, R. Darras, Y. De Benedittis, A. De Martino, B. Decoene, V. Del Burgo, R. Di Cerbo, U.M. Di Mauro, L.S. Di Palma, I. Díaz, A.F. Diaz, C. Diego-Tortosa, D. Distefano, C. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Dörr, M. Drakopoulou, E. Drouhin, D. Dvornický, R. Eberl, T. Eckerová, E. Eddymaoui, A. van Eeden, T. Eff, M. van Eijk, D. El Bojaddaini, I. El Hedri, S. Enzenhöfer, A. Ferrara, G. Filipović, M.D. Filippini, F. Franciotti, D. Fusco, L.A. Gabriel, J. Gagliardini, S. Gal, T. García Méndez, J. Garcia Soto, A. Gatius Oliver, C. Geißelbrecht, N. Ghaddari, H. Gialanella, L. Gibson, B.K. Giorgio, E. Goos, I. Goupilliere, D. Gozzini, S.R. Gracia, R. Graf, K. Guidi, C. Guillon, B. Gutiérrez, M. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, A. Hennig, L. Hernández-Rey, J.J. Huang, F. Idrissi Ibnsalih, W. Illuminati, G. James, C.W. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Jung, B.J. Kalaczyński, P. Kalekin, O. Katz, U.F. Khan Chowdhury, N.R. Khatun, A. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2 Bologna40127 Italy Università di Bologna Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 40127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Via S. Sofia 62 Catania95125 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli Via Cintia Napoli80126 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy INFN Sezione di Catania Via Santa Sofia 64 Catania95123 Italy Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 StrasbourgF-67000 France IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular CSIC Universitat de València c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna Valencia46980 Spain Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy Università di Napoli "Federico II" Dip. Scienze Fisiche "E. Pancini" Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Laboratori d’Aplicacions Bioacústiques Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú Avda. Rambla Exposició s/n Vilanova i la Geltrú08800 Spain NCSR Demokritos Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics Ag. Paraskevi Attikis Athens15310 Greece University of Granada Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology CITIC Granada18071 Spain Subatech IMT Atlantique IN2P3-CNRS Université de Nantes 4 rue Alfred Kastler - La Chantrerie BP 20722 Nantes44307 France Universitat Politècnica de València Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras C/ Paranimf 1 Gandia46730 Spain University Mohammed V in Rabat Faculty of Sciences 4 av. Ibn Battouta B.P. 1014 RabatR.P. 10000 Morocco Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France LPC CAEN No

The KM3NeT/ARCA calibration unit is a dedicated calibration system designed to improve the accuracy of the acoustic positioning system of the detector optical modules and monitor the water column physical properties. The calibration unit is composed of a calibration base and an instrumentation unit, connected with an electrical inter-link cable. The deployment of one calibration unit for each of the two building-blocks, in which the ARCA detector is subdivided, is foreseen, with the first one to be deployed in 2024. The calibration base is made of an anchoring structure, connected for power supply and communication to a junction-box, where an acoustic beacon and a hydrophone used for the positioning system are mounted and which hosts a pressure vessel containing the required electronics. The instrumentation unit consists of an anchoring base and a 750m-long inductive line, kept vertical by a top buoy and equipped with oceanographic sensors. The base is linked to the calibration base for power and readout and hosts an absolute pressure gauge used as depth reference and a vessel containing the electronics for managing sensor communication. The line hosts two sound velocimeters and two conductivity-temperature-depth probes equipped with dissolved oxygen sensors, to measure sound velocity and allow for the determination of acoustic wave speed, and two Doppler current sensors to provide information on sea current speed and direction, further improving the accuracy of the positioning system. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Dissolved oxygen sensors

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Interpolation of Instrument Response Functions for the Cherenkov Telescope Array in the Context of pyirf

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Dominik, Rune Michael Linhoff, Maximilian Sitarek, Julian Abe, K. Abe, S. Acharyya, A. Adam, R. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Alfaro, J. Alvarez-Crespo, N. Alves Batista, R. Amans, J.-P. Amato, E. Ambrosino, F. Angüner, E.O. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Arcaro, C. Arrabito, L. Asano, K. Aschersleben, J. Ashkar, H. Augusto Stuani, L. Baack, D. Backes, M. Balazs, C. Balbo, M. Baquero Larriva, A. Barbosa Martins, V. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Bastieri, D. Batista, P.I. Batkovic, I. Batzofin, R. Baxter, J. Beck, G. Becker Tjus, J. Beiske, L. Belardinelli, D. Benbow, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete Medrano, J. Bernlöhr, K. Berti, A. Beshley, V. Bhattacharjee, P. Bhattacharyya, S. Bi, B. Biederbeck, N. Biland, A. Bissaldi, E. Blanch, O. Blazek, J. Boisson, C. Bolmont, J. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bosnjak, Z. Bradascio, F. Braiding, C. Bronzini, E. Brose, R. Brown, A.M. Brun, F. Brunelli, G. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Burmistrov, L. Burton, M. Bylund, T. Calisse, P.G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Cantlay, B.K. Capalbi, M. Caproni, A. Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R. Carlile, C. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Carosi, R. Carrasco, M.-S. Cascone, E. Cassol, F. Castrejon, N. Catalani, F. Cerasole, D. Cerruti, M. Chaty, S. Chen, A.W. Chernyakova, M. Chiavassa, A. Chudoba, J. Coimbra Araujo, C.H. Conforti, V. Conte, F. Contreras, J.L. Cossou, C. Costa, A. Costantini, H. Cristofari, P. Cuevas, O. Curtis-Ginsberg, Z. D'Amico, G. D'Ammando, F. Dadina, M. Dalchenko, M. David, L. Davids, I.D. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. De Caprio, V. De Cesare, G. de Gouveia Dal Pino, E.M. De Lotto, B. De Lucia, M. de Menezes, R. de Naurois, M. de Ona Wilhelmi, E. De Simone, N. de Souza, V. del Peral, L. del Valle, M.V. Delagnes, E. Delgado Giler, A.G. Delgado, C. Dell'aiera, M. Della Ceca, R. Della Valle, M. della Volpe, D. Depaoli, D. Dettlaff, A. Di Girolamo, T. Di Piano, A. Di Pierro, F. Di Tria, R. Di Venere, L. Díaz-Bahamondes, C. Dib, C. Diebold, S. Dima, R. Dinesh, A. Djannati-Ataï, A. Djuvsland, J. TU Dortmund University Department of Physics Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a D-44227 Germany University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Pomorska 149/153 Lodz90-236 Poland Department of Physics Tokai University 4-1-1 Kita-Kaname Kanagawa Hiratsuka259-1292 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Department of Physics and Astronomy Gallalee Hall Box 870324 TuscaloosaAL35487-0324 United States Université Côte d'Azur Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur CNRS Laboratoire Lagrange France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet CNRS IN2P3 École polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris Palaiseau91120 France Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340 Santiago Chile IPARCOS-UCM Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Instituto de Física Teórica UAM CSIC Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Nicolás Cabrera 13-15 Campus de Cantoblanco UAM Madrid28049 Spain LUTH GEPI and LERMA Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Université Paris Cité CNRS 5 place Jules Janssen Meudon92190 France INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Largo E. Fermi 5 Firenze50125 Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Via di Frascati 33 Monteporzio Catone00040 Italy TÜBİTAK Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences Gebze Kocaeli41470 Turkey INFN Sezione di Napoli Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier Université de Montpellier CNRS IN2P3 CC 72 Place Eugène Bataillon Montp

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray observatory, constituted by tens of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes at two sites once its construction and commissioning are finished. Like its predecessors, CTA relies on Instrument Response Functions (IRFs) to relate the observed and reconstructed properties to the true ones of the primary gamma-ray photons. IRFs are needed for the proper reconstruction of spectral and spatial information of the observed sources and are thus among the data products issued to the observatory users. They are derived from Monte Carlo simulations, depend on observation conditions like the telescope pointing direction or the atmospheric transparency and can evolve with time as hardware ages or is replaced. Producing a complete set of IRFs from simulations for every observation taken is a time-consuming task and not feasible when releasing data products on short timescales. Consequently, interpolation techniques on simulated IRFs are investigated to quickly estimate IRFs for specific observation conditions. However, as some of the IRFs constituents are given as probability distributions, specialized methods are needed. This contribution summarizes and compares the feasibility of multiple approaches to interpolate IRF components in the context of the pyirf python software package and IRFs simulated for the Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1). We will also give an overview of the current functionalities implemented in pyirf. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Python

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Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Fast Radio Bursts Detected by CHIME/FRB during the LIGO-Virgo Observing Run O3a

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Astrophysical Journal 2023年第2期955卷 155-155页

作者： Abbott, R. Abbott, T.D. Acernese, F. Ackley, K. Adams, C. Adhikari, N. Adhikari, R.X. Adya, V.B. Affeldt, C. Agarwal, D. Agathos, M. Agatsuma, K. Aggarwal, N. Aguiar, O.D. Aiello, L. Ain, A. Ajith, P. Akutsu, T. Albanesi, S. Allocca, A. Altin, P.A. Amato, A. Anand, C. Anand, S. Ananyeva, A. Anderson, S.B. Anderson, W.G. Ando, M. Andrade, T. Andres, N. Andrić, T. Angelova, S.V. Ansoldi, S. Antelis, J.M. Antier, S. Appert, S. Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Araki, S. Araya, A. Araya, M.C. Areeda, J.S. Arène, M. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, N. Aronson, S.M. Arun, K.G. Asada, H. Asali, Y. Ashton, G. Aso, Y. Assiduo, M. Aston, S.M. Astone, P. Aubin, F. Austin, C. Babak, S. Badaracco, F. Bader, M.K.M. Badger, C. Bae, S. Bae, Y. Baer, A.M. Bagnasco, S. Bai, Y. Baiotti, L. Baird, J. Bajpai, R. Ball, M. Ballardin, G. Ballmer, S.W. Balsamo, A. Baltus, G. Banagiri, S. Bankar, D. Barayoga, J.C. Barbieri, C. Barish, B.C. Barker, D. Barneo, P. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barta, D. Bartlett, J. Barton, M.A. Bartos, I. Bassiri, R. Basti, A. Bawaj, M. Bayley, J.C. Baylor, A.C. Bazzan, M. Bécsy, B. Bedakihale, V.M. Bejger, M. Belahcene, I. Benedetto, V. Beniwal, D. Bennett, T.F. Bentley, J.D. BenYaala, M. Bergamin, F. Berger, B.K. Bernuzzi, S. Berry, C.P.L. Bersanetti, D. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, D. Bhandare, R. Bhardwaj, U. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhaumik, S. Bilenko, I.A. Billingsley, G. Bini, S. Birney, R. Birnholtz, O. Biscans, S. Bischi, M. Biscoveanu, S. Bisht, A. Biswas, B. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M.-A. Blackburn, J.K. Blair, C.D. Blair, D.G. Blair, R.M. Bobba, F. Bode, N. Boer, M. Bogaert, G. Boldrini, M. Bonavena, L.D. Bondu, F. Bonilla, E. Bonnand, R. Booker, P. Boom, B.A. Bork, R. Boschi, V. Bose, N. Bose, S. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, V. Bouffanais, Y. Boumerdassi, A. Bozzi, A. Bradaschia, C. Brady, P.R. Bramley, A. Branch, A. Branchesi, M. Brau, J.E. Breschi, M. Briant, T. Briggs, J.H. Brillet, A. Brinkmann, M. Brockill, P. Brooks, A.F. Brooks, J. Brown, D.D. Brunett, S. Bruno, G. Bruntz, R. Bryant, J. Buchanan, J. B LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena 91125 CA United States Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA United States Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno Fisciano Salerno I-84084 Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Napoli I-80126 Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston 70754 LA United States University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee 53201 WI United States OzGrav Australian National University Canberra 0200 ACT Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) Hannover D-30167 Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover D-30167 Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Jena D-07743 Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São Paulo São José dos Campos 12227-010 Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa I-56127 Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Napoli I-80126 Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière Villeurbanne F-69622

We search for gravitational-wave (GW) transients associated with fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project, during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC-2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). Triggers from 22 FRBs were analyzed with a search that targets both binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers. A targeted search for generic GW transients was conducted on 40 FRBs. We find no significant evidence for a GW association in either search. Given the large uncertainties in the distances of our FRB sample, we are unable to exclude the possibility of a GW association. Assessing the volumetric event rates of both FRB and binary mergers, an association is limited to 15% of the FRB population for BNS mergers or 1% for NSBH mergers. We report 90% confidence lower bounds on the distance to each FRB for a range of GW progenitor models and set upper limits on the energy emitted through GWs for a range of emission scenarios. We find values of order 10⁵¹-10⁵⁷ erg for models with central GW frequencies in the range 70-3560 Hz. At the sensitivity of this search, we find these limits to be above the predicted GW emissions for the models considered. We also find no significant coincident detection of GWs with the repeater, FRB 20200120E, which is the closest known extragalactic FRB. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

关键词： Gravitational wave astronomy Radio transient sources

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Atmospheric muons measured with the KM3NeT detectors in comparison with updated numeric predictions

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Aiello, S. Albert, A. Alshamsi, M. Alves Garre, S. Ambrosone, A. Ameli, F. Andre, M. Androutsou, E. Anguita, M. Aphecetche, L. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Arsenic, A. Atmani, H. Aublin, J. Badaracco, F. Bailly-Salins, L. Bardačová, Z. Baret, B. Bariego-Quintana, A. Basegmez du Pree, S. Becherini, Y. Bendahman, M. Benfenati, F. Benhassi, M. Benoit, D.M. Berbee, E. Bertin, V. Biagi, S. Boettcher, M. Bonanno, D. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M. Bozza, C. Bozza, R.M. Brânzaş, H. Bretaudeau, F. Breuhaus, M. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Bruno, R. Buis, E. Buompane, R. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Calvo, D. Campion, S. Capone, A. Carenini, F. Carretero, V. Cartraud, T. Castaldi, P. Cecchini, V. Celli, S. Cerisy, L. Chabab, M. Chadolias, M. Chen, A. Cherubini, S. Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Cocimano, R. Coelho, J.A.B. Coleiro, A. Condorelli, A. Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Cuttone, G. Dallier, R. Darras, Y. De Benedittis, A. De Martino, B. Decoene, V. Del Burgo, R. Del Rosso, I. Di Mauro, L.S. Di Palma, I. Díaz, A.F. Diaz, C. Diego-Tortosa, D. Distefano, C. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Dörr, M. Drakopoulou, E. Drouhin, D. Ducoin, J.-G. Dvornický, R. Eberl, T. Eckerová, E. Eddymaoui, A. van Eeden, T. Eff, M. van Eijk, D. El Bojaddaini, I. El Hedri, S. Enzenhöfer, A. Ferrara, G. Filipović, M.D. Filippini, F. Franciotti, D. Fusco, L.A. Gagliardini, S. Gal, T. García Méndez, J. Garcia Soto, A. Gatius Oliver, C. Geißelbrecht, N. Ghaddari, H. Gialanella, L. Gibson, B.K. Giorgio, E. Goos, I. Goswami, P. Gozzini, S.R. Gracia, R. Graf, K. Guidi, C. Guillon, B. Gutiérrez, M. Haack, C. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, A. Hennig, L. Hernández-Rey, J.J. Idrissi Ibnsalih, W. Illuminati, G. Joly, D. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Jung, B.J. Kalaczynski, P. Kalekin, O. Katz, U.F. Khatun, A. Kistauri, G. Kopper, C. Kouchner, A. Kueviakoe, V. Kulikovskiy, V. Kvatadze, R. Labalme, M. Lahmann, R. Larosa, G. Lastoria, C. Lazo, A. Le Stum, S. Lehaut, G. Via Santa Sofia 64 Catania95123 Italy Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 StrasbourgF-67000 France Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France University of Sharjah Sharjah Academy for Astronomy Space Sciences and Technology University Campus - POB Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Valencia Paterna46980 Spain INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy Università di Napoli "Federico II" Dip. Scienze Fisiche "E. Pancini" Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú Avda. Rambla Exposició s/n Vilanova i la Geltrú08800 Spain NCSR Demokritos Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics Ag. Paraskevi Attikis Athens15310 Greece University of Granada Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology CITIC Granada18071 Spain Subatech IMT Atlantique IN2P3-CNRS Nantes Université 4 rue Alfred Kastler - La Chantrerie BP 20722 Nantes44307 France Universitat Politècnica de València Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras C/Paranimf 1 Gandia46730 Spain Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 2 Erlangen91058 Germany University Mohammed V in Rabat Faculty of Sciences 4 av. Ibn Battouta B.P. 1014 RabatR.P. 10000 Morocco Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France INFN Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy LPC CAEN Normandie Univ ENSICAEN UNICAEN CNRS IN2P3 6 boulevard Maréchal Juin Caen14050 France Czech Technical University in Prague Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Husova 240/5 Prague110 00 Czech Republic Comenius University in Bratislava Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Mlynska dolina

The measurement of the flux of muons produced in cosmic ray air showers is essential for the study of primary cosmic rays. Such measurements are important in extensive air shower detectors to assess the energy spectrum and the chemical composition of the cosmic ray flux, complementary to the information provided by fluorescence detectors. Detailed simulations of the cosmic ray air showers are carried out, using codes such as CORSIKA, to estimate the muon flux at sea level. These simulations are based on the choice of hadronic interaction models, for which improvements have been implemented in the post-LHC era. In this work, a deficit in simulations that use state-of-the-art QCD models with respect to the measurement deep underwater with the KM3NeT neutrino detectors is reported. The KM3NeT/ARCA and KM3NeT/ORCA neutrino telescopes are sensitive to TeV muons originating mostly from primary cosmic rays with energies around 10 TeV. The predictions of state-of-the-art QCD models show that the deficit with respect to the data is constant in zenith angle;no dependency on the water overburden is observed. The observed deficit at a depth of several kilometres is compatible with the deficit seen in the comparison of the simulations and measurements at sea level. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Differential Sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ARCA detector to a diffuse neutrino flux and to point-like source emission: exploring the case of the Starburst Galaxies

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Aiello, S. Albert, A. Alshamsi, M. Garre, S. Alves Aly, Z. Ambrosone, A. Ameli, F. Andre, M. Androutsou, E. Anguita, M. Aphecetche, L. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Atmani, H. Aublin, J. Badaracco, F. Bailly-Salins, L. Bardačová, Z. Baret, B. Bariego-Quintana, A. Pree, S. Basegmez du Becherini, Y. Bendahman, M. Benfenati, F. Benhassi, M. Benoit, D.M. Berbee, E. Bertin, V. Biagi, S. Boettcher, M. Bonanno, D. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M. Bozza, C. Bozza, R.M. Brânzaş, H. Bretaudeau, F. Breuhaus, M. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Bruno, R. Buis, E. Buompane, R. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Calvo, D. Campion, S. Capone, A. Carenini, F. Carretero, V. Cartraud, T. Castaldi, P. Cecchini, V. Celli, S. Cerisy, L. Chabab, M. Chadolias, M. Chen, A. Cherubini, S. Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Cocimano, R. Coelho, J.A.B. Coleiro, A. Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Cuttone, G. Dallier, R. Darras, Y. De Benedittis, A. De Martino, B. Decoene, V. Del Burgo, R. Del Rosso, I. Di Mauro, L.S. Di Palma, I. Díaz, A.F. Diaz, C. Diego-Tortosa, D. Distefano, C. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Dörr, M. Drakopoulou, E. Drouhin, D. Dvornický, R. Eberl, T. Eckerová, E. Eddymaoui, A. van Eeden, T. Eff, M. van Eijk, D. El Bojaddaini, I. El Hedri, S. Enzenhöfer, A. Ferrara, G. Filipović, M.D. Filippini, F. Franciotti, D. Fusco, L.A. Gabriel, J. Gagliardini, S. Gal, T. Méndez, J. García Soto, A. Garcia Oliver, C. Gatius Geißelbrecht, N. Ghaddari, H. Gialanella, L. Gibson, B.K. Giorgio, E. Goos, I. Goswami, P. Goupilliere, D. Gozzini, S.R. Gracia, R. Graf, K. Guidi, C. Guillon, B. Gutiérrez, M. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, A. Hennig, L. Hernández-Rey, J.J. Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi Illuminati, G. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Jung, B.J. Kalaczynski, P. Kalekin, O. Katz, U.F. Kistauri, G. Kopper, C. Kouchner, A. Kueviakoe, V. Kulikovskiy, V. Kvatadze, R. Labalme, M. Lahmann, R. Larosa, G. Lastoria, C. Lazo, A. Le Stum, S. Lehaut, G. Leonora, E. Via Santa Sofia 64 Catania95123 Italy Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 StrasbourgF-67000 France Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France University of Sharjah Sharjah Academy for Astronomy Space Sciences and Technology University Campus - POB Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna Valencia46980 Spain INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy Università di Napoli "Federico II" Dip. Scienze Fisiche "E. Pancini" Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Laboratori d’Aplicacions Bioacústiques Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú Avda. Rambla Exposició s/n Vilanova i la Geltrú08800 Spain NCSR Demokritos Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics Ag. Paraskevi Attikis Athens15310 Greece University of Granada Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology/CITIC Granada18071 Spain Subatech IMT Atlantique IN2P3-CNRS Nantes Université 4 rue Alfred Kastler - La Chantrerie BP Nantes20722 44307 France Universitat Politècnica de València Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras C/ Paranimf 1 Gandia46730 Spain University Mohammed V in Rabat Faculty of Sciences 4 av. Ibn Battouta B.P. 1014 RabatR.P. 10000 Morocco Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France INFN Sezione di Genova Via Dodecaneso 33 Genova16146 Italy LPC CAEN Normandie Univ ENSICAEN UNICAEN CNRS IN2P3 6 boulevard Maréchal Juin Caen14050 France Czech Technical University in Prague Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Husova 240/5 Prague110 00 Czech Republic Comenius University in Bratislava Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Mlynska dolina F1 Bratislava842 48 Slovakia Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics PO Box 41882

KM3NeT/ARCA is a Cherenkov neutrino telescope under construction in the Mediterranean sea, optimised for the detection of astrophysical neutrinos with energies above ∼1 TeV. In this work, using Monte Carlo simulations including all-flavour neutrinos, the integrated and differential sensitivities for KM3NeT/ARCA are presented considering the case of a diffuse neutrino flux as well as extended and point-like neutrino sources. This analysis is applied to Starburst Galaxies demonstrating that the detector has the capability of tracing TeV neutrinos from these sources. Remarkably, after eight years, a hard power-law spectrum from the nearby Small Magellanic Cloud can be constrained. The sensitivity and discovery potential for NGC 1068 is also evaluated showing that KM3NeT/ARCA will discriminate between different astrophysical components of the measured neutrino flux after 3 years of data taking. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Neutrons

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Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

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Physical Review D 2024年第4期110卷 042001页

作者： A. G. Abac R. Abbott H. Abe I. Abouelfettouh F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adamcewicz S. Adhicary N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. K. Adkins V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos O. D. Aguiar I. Aguilar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu S. Albanesi R. A. Alfaidi A. Al-Jodah C. Alléné A. Allocca S. Al-Shammari P. A. Altin S. Alvarez-Lopez A. Amato L. Amez-Droz A. Amorosi C. Amra S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Andia M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres M. Andrés-Carcasona T. Andrić J. Anglin S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier M. Aoumi E. Z. Appavuravther S. Appert S. K. Apple K. Arai A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda N. Aritomi F. Armato N. Arnaud M. Arogeti S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. Assis de Souza Melo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin K. AultONeal G. Avallone S. Babak F. Badaracco C. Badger S. Bae S. Bagnasco E. Bagui Y. Bai J. G. Baier R. Bajpai T. Baka M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer S. Banagiri B. Banerjee D. Bankar P. Baral J. C. Barayoga B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta S. D. Barthelmy M. A. Barton I. Bartos S. Basak A. Basalaev R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj P. Baxi J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale F. Beirnaert M. Bejger D. Belardinelli A. S. Bell V. Benedetto D. Beniwal W. Benoit J. D. Bentley M. Ben Yaala S. Bera M. Berbel F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi M. Beroiz D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge N. Bevins R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj R. Bhatt D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik S. Bhowmick A. Bianchi I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley A. Binetti S. Bini O. Birnholtz S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode G. Bogaert G. Boileau M. Boldrini G. N. Bolingbroke A. Bolliand L. D. Bonavena R. Bondarescu F. Bondu E. Bonilla M. S. Bonilla A. Bonino R. Bonnand P. Booker A. Borchers V. Boschi S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart A. Boumerdassi A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady M. Braglia A. Branch M. Branchesi M. Breschi T. B Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-14476 Potsdam Germany LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Graduate School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan LIGO Hanford Observatory Richland Washington 99352 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli I-80126 Napoli Italy University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy SUPA University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom OzGrav University of Western Austral

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation timescale of DM.

关键词： Dark matter Particle dark matter Gravitational wave detectors

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First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870 µm

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Raymond, Alexander W. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Asada, Keiichi Blackburn, Lindy Bower, Geoffrey C. Bremer, Michael Broguiere, Dominique Chen, Ming-Tang Crew, Geoffrey B. Dornbusch, Sven Fish, Vincent L. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Goddi, Ciriaco Han, Chih-Chiang Hecht, Michael H. Huang, Yau-De Janssen, Michael Keating, Garrett K. Koay, Jun Y.I. Krichbaum, Thomas P. Lo, Wen-Ping Matsushita, Satoki Matthews, Lynn D. Moran, James M. Norton, Timothy J. Patel, Nimesh Pesce, Dominic W. Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Sánchez, Salvador Tilanus, Remo P.J. Titus, Michael Torne, Pablo Wagner, Jan Weintroub, Jonathan Wielgus, Maciek Young, André Akiyama, Kazunori Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Boyce, Hope Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy de Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fomalont, Edward Fontana, Anne-Laure Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. Georgiev, Boris Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei106216 Taiwan Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 2505 Correa Road HonoluluHI96822 United States Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique 300 rue de la Piscine Saint Martin d’HèresF-38406 France Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Cagliari SP Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7 MonserratoI-09042 Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari Via della Scienza 5 CA Selargius09047 Italy Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Department of Physics National Taiwan University No.1 Sect.4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei106216 Taiwan Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku FI-20014 Finland Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 KylmäläFI-02540 Finland Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique Avenida Divina Pastora 7 Local 20 GranadaE-18012 Spain Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Department of Phy

The first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detections at 870 µm wavelength (345 GHz frequency) are reported, achieving the highest diffraction-limited angular resolution yet obtained from the surface of the Earth, and the highest-frequency example of the VLBI technique to date. These include strong detections for multiple sources observed on inter-continental baselines between telescopes in Chile, Hawaii, and Spain, obtained during observations in October 2018. The longest-baseline detections approach 11 Gλ corresponding to an angular resolution, or fringe spacing, of 19 µas. The Allan deviation of the visibility phase at 870 µm is comparable to that at 1.3 mm on the relevant integration time scales between 2 and 100 s. The detections confirm that the sensitivity and signal chain stability of stations in the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array are suitable for VLBI observations at 870 µm. Operation at this short wavelength, combined with anticipated enhancements of the EHT, will lead to a unique high angular resolution instrument for black hole studies, capable of resolving the event horizons of supermassive black holes in both space and time. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Black holes

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The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87: I. Observations, calibration, imaging, and analysis*

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Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年 681卷

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Violette Impellizzeri, C.M. Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 València Burjassot46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 València Paterna46980 Spain Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory Onsala43992 Sweden Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics Yale University 52 Hillhouse Avenue New HavenCT06511 United States Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160 Concepción Chile Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 PO Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States East Asian Observatory 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 Uni

In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42 μas, consistent with the predicted size and shape of a shadow produced by the gravitationally lensed emission around a supermassive black hole. These results were obtained as part of the April 2017 EHT observation campaign, using a global very long baseline interferometric radio array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here, we present results based on the second EHT observing campaign, taking place in April 2018 with an improved array, wider frequency coverage, and increased bandwidth. In particular, the additional baselines provided by the Greenland telescope improved the coverage of the array. Multiyear EHT observations provide independent snapshots of the horizon-scale emission, allowing us to confirm the persistence, size, and shape of the black hole shadow, and constrain the intrinsic structural variability of the accretion flow. We have confirmed the presence of an asymmetric ring structure, brighter in the southwest, with a median diameter of 43.3-3.1+1.5 μas. The diameter of the 2018 ring is remarkably consistent with the diameter obtained from the previous 2017 observations. On the other hand, the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in 2018 is shifted by about 30 relative to 2017. The perennial persistence of the ring and its diameter robustly support the interpretation that the ring is formed by lensed emission surrounding a Kerr black hole with a mass ∼6.5× 109M. The significant change in the ring brightness asymmetry implies a spin axis that is more consistent with the position angle of the large-scale jet. © 2023 The Author(s).

关键词： Gravitation

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Mid-Range Science Objectives for the Event Horizon Telescope

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Balokovi, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Baubck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Curd, Brandon Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, JoséL Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Jones, Adam C. Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Krichbaum, T Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei106216 Taiwan Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático JoséBeltrán 2 Paterna ValènciaE-46980 Spain Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-43992 Sweden Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics Yale University 52 Hillhouse Avenue New HavenCT06511 United States Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 P.O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States East Asian Observatory 660 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States 660 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI

The first images of the black holes in Sgr A∗ and M87∗ have created a wide range of new scientific opportunities in gravitational physics, compact objects, and relativistic astrophysics. We discuss here the scientific opportunities that arise from the rich data sets that have already been obtained and the new data sets that will be obtained, exploiting a wide range of technical advances, including observational agility, receiver upgrades, and the addition of new stations. This document provides a 5-year framework for Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) science structured around four fundamental questions that are used to prioritize the analysis of existing data, guide technical upgrades, and determine the optimal use of future observational opportunities with EHT, ALMA, and multi-wavelength facilities. Through enhancements over this period, the EHT will create the first movie of M87∗ connecting black hole and jet physics, provide detailed studies of the structure and dynamics of Sgr A∗, characterize the magnetospheres of both systems through polarimetric imaging, and explore the spacetime properties of black holes with greater precision and range. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Astrophysics

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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results IX: Detection of Near-Horizon Circular Polarization

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Ceccobello, Chiara Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dougal, Sean Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Haworth, Kari Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yut Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna ValènciaE-46980 Spain Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-43992 Sweden Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics Yale University 52 Hillhouse Avenue New HavenCT06511 United States Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 P.O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States East Asian Observatory 660 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States 660 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations have revealed a bright ring of emission around the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. EHT images in linear polarization have further identified a coherent spiral pattern around the black hole, produced from ordered magnetic fields threading the emitting plasma. Here, we present the first analysis of circular polarization using EHT data, acquired in 2017, which can potentially provide additional insights into the magnetic fields and plasma composition near the black hole. Interferometric closure quantities provide convincing evidence for the presence of circularly polarized emission on event-horizon scales. We produce images of the circular polarization using both traditional and newly developed methods. All methods find a moderate level of resolved circular polarization across the image (〈|v|〉 int| ∗ © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Circular polarization

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