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Modelling Dynamics in Processes and Systems 1

丛书名： Studies in Computational Intelligence

2009年

作者： Wojciech Mitkowski Janusz Kacprzyk

ISBN: (数字)9783540922032

ISBN: (纸本)9783540922025;9783642100758

Dynamics is what characterizes virtually all phenomenae we face in the real world, and processes that proceed in practically all kinds of inanimate and animate systems, notably social systems. For our purposes dynamics is viewed as time evolution of some characteristic features of the phenomenae or processes under consideration. It is obvious that in virtually all non-trivial problems dynamics can not be neglected, and should be taken into account in the analyses to, first, get insight into the problem consider, and second, to be able to obtain meaningful results. A convenient tool to deal with dynamics and its related evolution over time is to use the concept of a dynamic system which, for the purposes of this volume can be characterized by the input (control), state and output spaces, and a state transition equation. Then, starting from an initial state, we can find a sequence of consecutive states (outputs) under consecutive inputs (controls). That is, we obtain a trajectory. The state transition equation may be given in various forms, exemplified by differential and difference equations, linear or nonlinear, deterministic or stochastic, or even fuzzy (imprecisely specified), fully or partially known, etc. These features can give rise to various problems the analysts may encounter like numerical difficulties, instability, strange forms of behavior (e.g. chaotic), etc. This volume is concerned with some modern tools and techniques which can be useful for the modeling of dynamics. We focus our attention on two important areas which play a key role nowadays, namely automation and robotics, and biological systems. We also add some new applications which can greatly benefit from the availability of effective and efficient tools for modeling dynamics, exemplified by some applications in security systems.

关键词： Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics Mathematics of Computing Mathematical and Computational engineering Artificial Intelligence Control, Robotics, Mechatronics

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Energy storage system

Solid State Phenomena

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Solid State Phenomena 2009年 147-149卷 416-420页

作者： Siostrzonek, Tomasz Piróg, Stanislaw AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Electronics Department of Electrical Drive and Industrial Equipment Krakow Poland

In this article the storage systems: capacitors, batteries and flywheel energy storage are described. The flywheel energy storage will be described precisely and compared with other energy storage technologies. ©... 详细信息

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Tio2-based Nanopowders for Gas sensor

Tio2-based Nanopowders for Gas sensor

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11th International Conference and Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society 2009

作者： Radecka, Marta Jasiński, Marcin Klich-Kafel, Joanna Lysoń, Mieczyslaw Rekas Czapla, Adam Lubecka, Maria Zakrzewska, Mariusz Sokolowski Heel, Andre Graule, Thomas J. AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics Ceramics Uberlandstrasse 129 8600 Dubendorf Poland AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Electronics Ceramics Uberlandstrasse 129 8600 Dubendorf Poland EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics Uberlandstrasse 129 8600 Dubendorf Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781617823848

Flame Spray Synthesis, FSS, was used to grow TiO2-based nanopowders from which TiO2:Cr nanosensors were obtained. Structural properties of crystalline TiO2:Cr nanopowders at different Cr loadings (0.1-5.0 at. % Cr) have been investigated. Material studies have been performed using standard methods: X-ray Diffraction, XRD, Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM, and Brunauer-Emmett- Teller, BET, adsorption isotherms. High specific surface area SSA (37-126 m2/g) and small crystallite size (9-27 nm) have been reached. Incorporation of Cr into TiO2 lattice affects the specific surface area of nanopowders, crystallite size and rutile - to anatase ratio. Gas sensing characteristics of TiO2:Cr nanosensors upon interaction with H2 have been recorded in the self - assembled experimental system. The detection of hydrogen was carried out over the concentration range of 50-3000 ppm at the temperatures extending from 200 to 400oC. It is demonstrated that nanomaterials based on TiO2:Cr are attractive for ultimate sensors applications due to a decrease in the operating temperature down to 210-250oC, accompanied by an increase in the sensor response. Taking into account the possible operating costs the best candidates for the commercial use are TiO2: 1 at. % Cr and TiO2: 5 at. % Cr nanosensors.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Towards Developing Secure Video Surveillance Systems over IP

Towards Developing Secure Video Surveillance Systems over IP

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International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection, ICIMP

作者： Bogdan Groza Ioan Silea Dragos Pop Victor-Valeriu Patriciu Faculty of Automatics and Computers Polytechnic University of Timisoara Timisoara Romania Infotainment and Interpersonal Department Continental Corporation Timisoara Romania Department of Computer Engineering Military Technical Academy Bucharest Romania

A framework of three attributes for video surveillance systems is underlined: availability, accessibility and authenticity. Under this framework, a scenario in which surveillance cameras can be accessed by remote devices, such as mobile phones, PDAs, over IP is addressed. Some security drawbacks of an off-the-shelf product are depicted and a new solution is proposed which uses cryptographic authentication for the broadcasted images. The proposed application is implemented in Java and can run on any device from standard computers to mobile phones. Also, some experimental results are presented for the case when a mobile phone is used as a receiver, this case being relevant as the device is the potential receiver with the most constrained computational resources.

关键词： Video surveillance Cameras Protection Security Internet Military computing Mobile handsets Privacy Availability Cryptography

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Pole-zero cancellation circuit with pulse pile-up tracking system for low noise charge-sensitive amplifiers

Pole-zero cancellation circuit with pulse pile-up tracking s...

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作者： Grybos, Pawel Szczygiel, Robert IEEE Department of Measurement and Instrumentation Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Electronics AGH University of Science and Technology 30-059 Cracow Poland

Modern X-ray imaging systems require low noise high-count-rate multichannel front-end electronics. Such systems widely use charge-sensitive amplifiers (CSA) with pole-zero cancellation (PZC) circuits for sensor readout. CSAs in multichannel ASICs often include continuous reset systems based on MOS transistors discharging the integrating capacitance. Noise requirements for such front-end electronics put the effective CSA feedback resistance in the range of hundreds of MΩ. On the other hand, the high input pulse rate generates a dc voltage shift at the CSA output that modifies the CSA feedback resistance and degrades the PZC circuit performance. In the paper we analyze these problems and propose a novel circuit solution to bias transistors in the CSA feedback and in the PZC circuit. This bias circuit tracks the above mentioned voltage shift at the CSA output and ensures proper cancellation of the CSA feedback pole even in the case of high rates of input pulses. We present measurements of a test structure for the continuous CSA feedback discharge and implementation of this circuit in a fast multichannel ASIC manufactured in the 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The circuit performance for the high input pulse rate is described in detail. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Amplifiers (electronic)

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Nonlinear dynamical feedback for motion control of magnetic levitation system

Nonlinear dynamical feedback for motion control of magnetic ...

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International (EPE-PEMC) Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference

作者： Jerzy Baranowski Pawel Piatek Department of Automatics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Electronics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

For fast, nonlinear and unstable dynamical systems, such as magnetic levitation, high quality of control is essential. Such control can be generated by different feedback structures, most of which require measurements of velocities or derivatives of the system output. In case of magnetic levitation the velocity of levitating object (a ferromagnetic sphere) is not measured. That is the reason for application of state observers which along with different controllers will create a nonlinear dynamical feedback structure. In this paper we will consider two such structures - PID controller with a nonlinear feed-forward and a cascade linearising feedback using two nonlinear state observers: high-gain observer (HGO) and an observer with reduced, linear error dynamics (abbreviated as RO). Operation of these control algorithms will be compared with a classical PID structure, derivative part of which will be realised either as a finite difference or with an observer.

关键词： Observers Magnetic levitation Voltage control Feedforward neural networks Electromagnets Position measurement Current measurement

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State and parameter estimation in a hydraulic system - moving horizon approach

State and parameter estimation in a hydraulic system - movin...

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International (EPE-PEMC) Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference

作者： Jerzy Baranowski Andrzej Tutaj Department of Automatics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Electronics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

In most control systems the best quality of control can be achieved if an exact model of a plant is known and if disturbances-free and continuous (instead of discrete) measurements of all its state space variables are available. Since it is seldom the case in real-life installations, state observers, adapting (parameters identification) algorithms, anti-noise filters and continuous signal estimators must be often employed. The paper describes an application of the moving horizon estimation (MHE) and continuous state estimation from discrete output measurements (CSE-DOM) based method to a laboratory hydraulic three-tank system. The resulting algorithm encompasses all the four above-mentioned mechanisms (state observation, parameters identification, disturbances filtration and continuous state estimation) and can be used for nonlinear systems as well, which is the case in the presented article. The paper provides a detailed explanation of how the MHE and CSEDOM methods were adapted to be applicable to the three-tank system. Results of computer simulations and practical laboratory experiments are also included.

关键词： Optimization Estimation Laboratories Mathematical model Valves State estimation Polynomials

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Analysis of Bethenod's phenomenon dynamics

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Archives of Electrical engineering 2008年第224期57卷 107-116页

作者： Mitkowski, Pawel Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Electronics AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków Poland

The paper presents general characterization of Bethenod's phenomenon, mathematical model of Bethenod's pendulum, its preliminary mathematical analysis and original simulations of the mathematical model. It includes describtion and observations of behaviour of a real model of Bethenod's system, constructed by author in Department of Electrical engineering of the faculty of Electrical engineering, automatics, computer Science and Electronics of AGH - University of Science and Technology in Kraków. The observations of real system behaviour are compared with simulations of the mathematical model.

关键词： engineering education

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Adaptive granular planning for robust plan generation under uncertain traffic conditions

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Systems Science 2008年第1期34卷 77-84页

作者： Ernst, Sebastian Ligeza, Antoni Department of Automatics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Electronics AGH University of Science and Technology al. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Kraków Poland

Real-time execution of planned routes often requires re-planning, especially in highly dynamic environments. However, re-planning not only induces deterioration of solution quality - it is often time-consuming or even impossible. The article describes a new approach to solving Plan Generation Problems (PGPs), aimed at application for route planning in uncertain environments. The concept is based on maintaining a set of alternative solutions to allow quick switching when conditions change. A new formal representation of a PGP solution is proposed. Map abstraction methods are discussed in the context of landmarks defined by natural characteristics of urban areas. The article introduces the concept of solution robustness and presents methods for a priori prediction of solution feasibility under unreliable conditions. Finally, the paper presents strategies for execution of robust plans, as well as a formal definition of a plan execution problem. Several new possibilities are discussed, such as the inclusion of human decisions as feedback for intelligent route planning systems.

关键词： Urban planning

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Monitoring of energy consumption in industrial environment using integrated software system

Monitoring of energy consumption in industrial environment u...

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International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment, OPTIM

作者： S-A. Moraru C. Bujdei A. Pelcz C. Vulpe Fr. Sisak L. Perniu Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Automatics Department Transilvania University of Braşov Brasov Romania

Today many industrial facilities have a lot of industrial control software systems used in various ways. These systems work in all kinds of architectures, starting from the simple "one application on one computer attached to a process" to more complex systems such as client-server- database, multi-tier applications, etc. Being provided by different vendors, there is a problem of managing the applications, developed using various technologies and running on different environments, implying administration problems and many security aspects. The information is spread into many places, this making it difficult to have a global view on the enterprise's resources. The solution is to have a single software system which to provide functionality for all the enterprise, into a unified manner. Our distributed software applications architecture comes to deal with the problems presented above. The system has three main levels of application: (1) The data source, having two main parts: software applications that communicate with the equipment and a connector to the system. (2) The server, gathering all the data from the data sources, processing and storing it into the database. (3) The client applications, including the interface of the system with the user. The technology used for developing this system is Web-oriented.

关键词： Radiation detectors Servers Driver circuits Monitoring Databases computers Software

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