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Transportation, Germs, Culture: A Dynamic Graph Model of COVID-19 Outbreak

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SSRN

SSRN 2020年

作者： Yang, Xiaofei Xu, Tun Jia, Peng Xia, Han Guo, Li Zhang, Lei Ye, Kai School of Computer Science and Technology Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Automation Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Hugobiotech Co. Ltd. Beijing100000 China Genome Institute The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710061 China The School of Life Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases School of Public Health Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Shaanxi Xi’an710061 China Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Alfred Health Melbourne Australia Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University MelbourneVIC Australia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou450001 China

Background: Various forms of model have been applied to predict the trend of the epidemic since the outbreak of COVID-19 at the hardest-hit city of Wuhan. Methods: In this study, we designed a dynamic graph model, not for precisely predicting the number of infected cases, but for a glance of the dynamics under a public epidemic emergency situation and of different contributing factors. Findings: We demonstrated the impact of asymptomatic transmission in this outbreak and showed the effectiveness of city lockdown to halt virus spread within a city. We further illustrated that sudden emergence of a large number of cases could overwhelm the city medical system, and external medical aids are critical to not only containing the further spread of the virus but also reducing fatality. Interpretation: Our model simulation showed that highly populated modern cities are particularly vulnerable and lessons learned in China could facilitate other countries to plan the proactive and decisive actions. We shall pay close attention to the asymptomatic transmission being suggested by rapidly accumulating evidence as dramatic changes in quarantine protocol are required to contain SARS-CoV-2 from spreading globally. Funding Statement: This study was supported by the National science Foundation of China (grand NO. 61702406 31671372, 31701739, and 8191101420), the National Key R&D Program of China (grand NO. 2018YFC0910400, 2017YFC0907500), the National science and Technology Major Project of China (grand NO. 2018ZX10302205), the 'World-Class Universities and the Characteristic Development Guidance Funds for the Central Universities', Thousand Talents Plan Professorship for Young Scholars (3111500001), Xi'an Jiaotong University Young Talent Support Program and Xi’an Jiaotong University Basic Research and Profession Grant (xtr022019003). Declaration of Interests: None. © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： SARS

Bidirectional controlled quantum teleportation using eight-qubit quantum channel in noisy environments

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Sarvaghad-Moghaddam, Moein Ramezani, Zeinab Amiri, Is Quantum Design Automation Lab Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Computational Optics Research Group Advanced Institute of Materials Science Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

In this work, a novel protocol is proposed for bidirectional controlled quantum teleportation (BCQT) in which a quantum channel is used with the eight-qubit entangled state. Using the protocol, two users can teleport an arbitrary entangled state and a pure two-qubit state (QBS) to each other simultaneously under the permission of a third party in the role of controller. This protocol is based on the controlled-not operation, appropriate single-qubit (SIQ) UOs and SIQ measurements in the .. and ..-basis. Reduction of the predictability of the controllerfs qubit (QB) by the eavesdropper and also, an increasing degree of freedom of controller for controlling one of the users or both are other features of this protocol. Then, the proposed protocol is investigated in two typical noisy channels include the amplitude-damping noise (ADN) and the phase-damping noise (PDN). And finally, analysis of the protocol shows that it only depends on the amplitude of the initial state and the decoherence noisy rate (DR). Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

Reviewing continual learning from the perspective of human-level intelligence

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chang, Yifan Li, Wenbo Peng, Jian Tang, Bo Kang, Yu Lei, Yinjie Gui, Yuanmiao Zhu, Qing Liu, Yu Li, Haifeng The State Key Laboratory of Fire Science Department of Automation and Institute of Advanced Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Institute of Intelligent Machines Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mississippi State University United States College of Electronics and Information Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering The Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Peking Universit Beijing China School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South University South Lushan Road Changsha410083 China

Humans continual learning (CL) ability is closely related to Stability Versus Plasticity Dilemma that describes how humans achieve ongoing learning capacity and preservation for learned information. The notion of CL has always been present in artificial intelligence (AI) since its births. This paper proposes a comprehensive review of CL. Different from previous reviews that mainly focus on the catastrophic forgetting phenomenon in CL, this paper surveys CL from a more macroscopic perspective based on the Stability Versus Plasticity mechanism. Analogous to biological counterpart, "smart" AI agents are supposed to i) remember previously learned information (information retrospection);ii) infer on new information continuously (information prospection:);iii) transfer useful information (information transfer), to achieve high-level CL. According to the taxonomy, evaluation metrics, algorithms, applications as well as some open issues are then introduced. Our main contributions concern i) rechecking CL from the level of artificial general intelligence;ii) providing a detailed and extensive overview on CL topics;iii) presenting some novel ideas on the potential development of CL. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Petroleum reservoir evaluation

A Secure Healthcare 5.0 System Based on Blockchain Technology Entangled with Federated Learning Technique

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Rehman, Abdur Abbas, Sagheer Khan, M.A. Ghazal, Taher M. Adnan, Khan Muhammad Mosavi, Amir School of Computer Science National College of Business Administration and Economics Lahore54000 Pakistan Riphah School of Computing and Innovation Faculty of Computing Riphah International university Pakistan School of Information Technology Skyline University College University City Sharjah Sharjah1797 United Arab Emirates Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Department of Software Gachon University Seongnam13120 Korea Republic of Institute of Information Engineering Automation and Mathematics Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Bratislava81107 Slovakia John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics Obuda University Budapest1034 Hungary Faculty of Civil Engineering TU-Dresden Dresden01062 Germany

In recent years, the global Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) industry has evolved at a tremendous speed. Security and privacy are key concerns on the IoMT, owing to the huge scale and deployment of IoMT networks. Machine learning (ML) and blockchain (BC) technologies have significantly enhanced the capabilities and facilities of healthcare 5.0, spawning a new area known as "Smart Healthcare." By identifying concerns early, a smart healthcare system can help avoid long-term damage. This will enhance the quality of life for patients while reducing their stress and healthcare costs. The IoMT enables a range of functionalities in the field of information technology, one of which is smart and interactive health care. However, combining medical data into a single storage location to train a powerful machine learning model raises concerns about privacy, ownership, and compliance with greater concentration. Federated learning (FL) overcomes the preceding difficulties by utilizing a centralized aggregate server to disseminate a global learning model. Simultaneously, the local participant keeps control of patient information, assuring data confidentiality and security. This article conducts a comprehensive analysis of the findings on blockchain technology entangled with federated learning in healthcare. 5.0. The purpose of this study is to construct a secure health monitoring system in healthcare 5.0 by utilizing a blockchain technology and Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect any malicious activity in a healthcare network and enables physicians to monitor patients through medical sensors and take necessary measures periodically by predicting diseases. The proposed system demonstrates that the approach is optimized effectively for healthcare monitoring. In contrast, the proposed healthcare 5.0 system entangled with FL Approach achieves 93.22% accuracy for disease prediction, and the proposed RTS-DELM-based secure healthcare 5.0 system achieves 96.18% accuracy for the e

关键词： Blockchain

Early detection of the advanced persistent threat attack using performance analysis of deep learning

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Joloudari, Javad Hassannataj Haderbadi, Mojtaba Mashmool, Amir GhasemiGol, Mohammad Shahab, S. Mosavi, Amir Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering University of Birjand Birjand Iran Department of Information Technology Mazandaran University of Science and Technology Babol Iran Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University Da Nang550000 Viet Nam Future Technology Research Center College of Future National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Ro ad Section 3 Douliou Yunlin64002 Taiwan Institute of Automation Obuda University Budapest1034 Hungary School of Economics and Business Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås1430 Norway Faculty of Civil Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden01069 Germany Department of Informatics J. Selye University Komarno94501 Slovakia

One of the most common and important destructive attacks on the victim system is Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)-attack. The APT attacker can achieve his hostile goals by obtaining information and gaining financial benefits regarding the infrastructure of a network. One of the solutions to detect a secret APT attack is using network traffic. Due to the nature of the APT attack in terms of being on the network for a long time and the fact that the network may crash because of high traffic, it is difficult to detect this type of attack. Hence, in this study, machine learning methods such as C5.0 decision tree, Bayesian network and deep neural network are used for timely detection and classification of APT-attacks on the NSL-KDD dataset. Moreover, 10-fold cross validation method is used to experiment these models. As a result, the accuracy (ACC) of the C5.0 decision tree, Bayesian network and 6-layer deep learning models is obtained as 95.64%, 88.37% and 98.85%, respectively, and also, in terms of the important criterion of the false positive rate (FPR), the FPR value for the C5.0 decision tree, Bayesian network and 6-layer deep learning models is obtained as 2.56, 10.47 and 1.13, respectively. Other criterions such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false negative rate and F-measure are also investigated for the models, and the experimental results show that the deep learning model with automatic multi-layered extraction of features has the best performance for timely detection of an APT-attack comparing to other classification models. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feature extraction

A Survey of the Self Supervised Learning Mechanisms for Vision Transformers

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Khan, Asifullah Sohail, Anabia Fiaz, Mustansar Hassan, Mehdi Afridi, Tariq Habib Marwat, Sibghat Ullah Munir, Farzeen Ali, Safdar Naseem, Hannan Zaheer, Muhammad Zaigham Ali, Kamran Sultana, Tangina Tanoli, Ziaurrehman Akhter, Naeem Pattern Recognition Lab DCIS PIEAS Nilore Islamabad45650 Pakistan PIEAS Nilore Islamabad45650 Pakistan Deep Learning Lab Center for Mathematical Sciences PIEAS Nilore Islamabad45650 Pakistan Center of Secure Cyber-Physical Security Systems Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates IBM Research United States Department of Computer Science Air University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Global Campus 1732 Gyeonggi-do Yongin17104 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Aalto University Finland Finnish Center of Artificial Center Finland Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Malaysia Computer Vision Department Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence United Arab Emirates Karachi Pakistan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Bangladesh HiLIFE University of Helsinki Finland

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance in computer vision tasks. However, their parameter-intensive nature and reliance on large amounts of data for effective performance have shifted the focus from traditional human-annotated labels to unsupervised learning and pretraining strategies that uncover hidden structures within the data. In response to this challenge, self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising paradigm. SSL leverages inherent relationships within the data itself as a form of supervision, eliminating the need for manual labeling and offering a more scalable and resource-efficient alternative for model training. Given these advantages, it is imperative to explore the integration of SSL techniques with ViTs, particularly in scenarios with limited labeled data. Inspired by this evolving trend, this survey aims to systematically review SSL mechanisms tailored for ViTs. We propose a comprehensive taxonomy to classify SSL techniques based on their representations and pre-training tasks. Additionally, we discuss the motivations behind SSL, review prominent pre-training tasks, and highlight advancements and challenges in this field. Furthermore, we conduct a comparative analysis of various SSL methods designed for ViTs, evaluating their strengths, limitations, and applicability to different scenarios. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

A Versatile Framework for Analyzing Galaxy Image Data by Implanting Human-in-the-loop on a Large Vision Model

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Fu, Ming-Xiang Song, Yu Lv, Jia-Meng Cao, Liang Jia, Peng Li, Nan Li, Xiang-Ru Liu, Ji-Feng Luo, A-Li Qiu, Bo Shen, Shi-Yin Tu, Liang-Ping Wang, Li-Li Wei, Shou-Lin Yang, Hai-Feng Yi, Zhen-Ping Zou, Zhi-Qiang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China Key lab of Space Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical Observatories Beijing100101 China School of Computer Science South China Normal University Guangzhou510631 China CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Beijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing211135 China University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China School of Computer and Information Dezhou University Dezhou253023 China Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650500 China School of Computer Science and Technology Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Taiyuan30024 China School of Mechanical Electrical and Information Engineering Shandong University Weihai264209 China Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing210023 China School of Science University of Science and Technology LiaoNing Anshan114051 China

The exponential growth of astronomical datasets provides an unprecedented opportunity for humans to gain insight into the Universe. However, effectively analyzing this vast amount of data poses a significant challenge. Astronomers are turning to deep learning techniques to address this, but the methods are limited by their specific training sets, leading to considerable duplicate workloads too. Hence, as an example to present how to overcome the issue, we built a framework for general analysis of galaxy images, based on a large vision model (LVM) plus downstream tasks (DST), including galaxy morphological classification, image restoration, object detection, parameter extraction, and more. Considering the low signal-to-noise ratio of galaxy images and the imbalanced distribution of galaxy categories, we have incorporated a Human-in-the-loop (HITL) module into our large vision model, which leverages human knowledge to enhance the reliability and interpretability of processing galaxy images interactively. The proposed framework exhibits notable few-shot learning capabilities and versatile adaptability to all the abovementioned tasks on galaxy images in the DESI legacy imaging surveys. Expressly, for object detection, trained by 1000 data points, our DST upon the LVM achieves an accuracy of 96.7%, while ResNet50 plus Mask R-CNN gives an accuracy of 93.1%;for morphology classification, to obtain AUC ∼ 0.9, LVM plus DST and HITL only requests 1/50 training sets compared to ResNet18. Expectedly, multimodal data can be integrated similarly, which opens up possibilities for conducting joint analyses with datasets spanning diverse domains in the era of multi-message astronomy. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Object detection

High-frequency oscillations in the atmosphere above a sunspot umbra

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Wang, Feng Deng, Hui Bo, L.I. Feng, Song Xianyong, B.A.I. Deng, Linhua Yang, Yunfei Zhike, X.U.E. Wang, Rui School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technology Application Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650500 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space Sciences Shandong University Weihai264209 China CAS Key Laboratory of Solar Activity National Astronomical Observatories Beijing100012 China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming650216 China

We use high spatial and temporal resolution observations, simultaneously obtained with the New Vacuum Solar Telescope and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, to investigate the high-frequency oscillations above a sunspot umbra. A novel time–frequency analysis method, namely the synchrosqueezing transform (SST), is employed to represent their power spectra and to reconstruct the high-frequency signals at different solar atmospheric layers. A validation study with synthetic signals demonstrates that SST is capable to resolving weak signals even when their strength is comparable with the high-frequency noise. The power spectra, obtained from both SST and the Fourier transform, of the entire umbral region indicate that there are significant enhancements between 10 and 14 mHz (labeled as 12 mHz) at different atmospheric layers. Analyzing the spectrum of a photospheric region far away from the umbra demonstrates that this 12 mHz component exists only inside the umbra. The animation based on the reconstructed 12 mHz component in AIA 171 Å illustrates that an intermittently propagating wave first emerges near the footpoints of coronal fan structures, and then propagates outward along the structures. A time–distance diagram, coupled with a subsonic wave speed (∼ 49 km s−1), highlights the fact that these coronal perturbations are best described as upwardly propagating magnetoacoustic slow waves. Thus, we first reveal the high-frequency oscillations with a period around one minute in imaging observations at different height above an umbra, and these oscillations seem to be related to the umbral perturbations in the photosphere. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetohydrodynamics

Design and Implementation of Neuro-Fuzzy Control Approach for Robot's Trajectory Tracking

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Design and Implementation of Neuro-Fuzzy Control Approach fo...

International conference of Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA)

作者： Kiruba Sandou D Sunad kumara A N Binod Kumar Choudhary Shashikala Gurpur Sarishma Natrayan L M. SivaramKumar Department of Robotics and Automation Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology Pondicherry India Department of Computer Science and Engineering BGS Institute of Technology Adichunchanagiri University Mandya Karnataka India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering ARKA Jain University Jamshedpur Jharkhand India Faculty of Law Symbiosis Law School (SLS) Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU) Pune Maharashtra India Department of Management Studies Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun Uttarakhand India Department of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai Tamilnadu India Department of EEE Karpagam Academy of higher education Coimbatore Tamiinadu

Achieving precise trajectory tracking while minimizing errors, reducing settling time, and curbing overshoot presents a significant challenge in the domain of robot-manipulator control. In response, this paper proposes a novel controller design for robot manipulators, incorporating two distinct approaches: a conventional fuzzy controller and an advanced Neuro-Fuzzy controller. These controllers are tailored to elevate trajectory tracking performance by simultaneously optimizing time characteristics in robot manipulator responses. To assess their efficacy, a range of test scenarios is devised, encompassing different trajectory types, including linear and nonlinear paths. Upon comparative analysis, the results highlight an intriguing contrast: while the fuzzy controller exhibits higher maximum overshoot and longer settling times in the robot's response, the Neuro-Fuzzy controller consistently demonstrates superior performance. The comprehensive error analysis such as Integral Square Error (ISE) and Integral Absolute Error (IAE) further underscores the capability of the Neuro-Fuzzy-based robot manipulator in delivering trajectory tracking precision. This study contributes to the advancement of trajectory control techniques for robot manipulators, paving the way for enhanced automation and performance across various applications.

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