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Reaction Crystallization of Struvite in a Continuous FB MSZ Type Crystallizer with Jet Pump Driven by Compressed Air

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Journal of Chemistry and chemical engineering 2011年第3期5卷 229-240页

作者： Tomasz Ciesielski Robert Liszka Krzysztof Piotrowski Andrzej Matynia Agata Mazienczuk AnnaKozik Faculty of Chemistry Wroclaw University of Technology Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Poland Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Silesian University of Technology ks. M. Strzody 7 44- 101 Gliwice Poland

The results of struvite reaction crystallization from diluted water solutions of phosphates （V）（0.20 mass% of PO43-） by means of magnesium and ammonium ions are presented. Continuous FB MSZ crystallizer with jet pump driven by compressed air was used. Influence of pH and mean residence time of suspension on the crystal product quality was determined. Increase in pH from 9 to 11 resulted that mean crystal size decreased nearly two-time： from 27.1 to 15.1μm for mean residence time of suspension 900 s. Elongation of this time from 900 to 3,600 s influenced struvite crystal size advantageously-it increased from 27.1 to 41.2 μm at pH 9. From the population density distributions nucleation and growth rates of struvite were calculated based on the simplest SIG model of mass crystallization kinetics in MSMPR crystallizer. Linear growth rate ofstruvite crystals decreased nearly two-time with the increase in environment pH from 9 to 11, and more than 2.5-time with the elongation of mean residence time of crystal suspension in a crystallizer from 900 to 3,600 s from 1.34× 10-8 m/s （pH 9, τ= 900 s） to 2.60×10-9 m/s （pH 11, τ= 3,600 s）.

关键词： Struvite precipitation crystallization SIG kinetic model continuous FB MSZ crystallizer jet pump compressed air phosphorus recycling.

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Influence of the Settleability Parameters for Palm Oil Mill Effluent （POME） Pretreatment by Using Moringa Oleifera Seeds as an Environmental Friendly Coagulant

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材料科学与工程（中英文版） 2011年第3期5卷 332-340页

作者： Zalina Othman Subhash Bhatia Abdul Latif Ahmad Process and Analytical Faculty Institute Technology Petroleum PETRONAS （INSTEP） Lot 9764 Mukim Batu Rakit 21020 Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia School of Chemical Engineering Engineering Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia Seri Ampangan 14300 Nibong Tebal Penang Malaysia

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment is an important issue for the minimization of pollution. POME is a highly polluting effluent containing various forms of organics and inorganic suspended solids. The coagulation-flocculation process using Moringa oleifera seeds after oil extraction (MOAE) as a natural coagulant presents a viable alternative for the treatment of POME. A series of jar tests were conducted to determine the parameters involved during coagulation-flocculation process. The influence of the different operating parameters over the sediment volumetric percentage, settling velocity, sludge volume index (SVI) and residual conductivity of the POME treated supernatant to achieve good settleability parameters in the physicochemical treatment of POME wastewater was studied. The operating parameters were the effect of stirring speed, mixing time, pH, MOAE dosage and temperature. The pretreatment using MOAE with NALCO 7751 flocculant resulted in 99.2% suspended solids removal and 52.5% chemical oxygen demands (COD) reduction.

关键词：沉降速度棕榈油环境友好性能参数种子辣木污水预处理

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Temperature program adsorption of hydrogen sulfide by NaOH-impregnated activated carbons for hot fuel gas purification

Temperature program adsorption of hydrogen sulfide by NaOH-i...

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IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and technology (CET)

作者： Russamee Sitthikhankaew Somrudee Predapitakkun Ratanawan Kiattikomol Sudhibhumi Pumhiran Suttichai Assabumrungrat Navadol Laosiripojana Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment CHE Center for Energy Technology and Environment King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand Process Technology Research Department PTT Research and Technology Institute Ayuthaya Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand

Natural gas, biogas and synthesis gas from coal gasification contain hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) that is toxic and strong odorous for human. It is high corrosive for engine. Among various methods for H 2 S removal, the adsorption by activated carbon is known as an efficient process for low concentration H 2 S removal. Moreover, activated carbon is not only inexpensive but also produces from agricultural waste in Thailand. The objective of this work is for upgrading the commercial-grade activated carbon by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) impregnation and the combination of steam activation and NaOH impregnation. The aim of upgrading is to improve the performance of H 2 S removal from fuel gases. The commercial and NaOH-impregnated activated carbons were tested by the temperature program adsorption of H 2 S at 30°C and 550°C. The results showed that the adsorption capacities of the NaOH-impregnated activated carbons are significantly higher than the commercial activated carbon (in the range of 2-21 times higher depending on the temperature of adsorption). At high temperature of adsorption, the adsorption capacity of the NaOH-impregnated activated carbon was 30.10 mg of H 2 S per gram of activated carbon. It can be concluded that the upgraded activated carbons is applicable for hot fuel gas purification. The concentration of H 2 S comes out at the outlet gas after treatment by the upgraded materials was almost 0 ppmv, which is safe for utilizing in fuel cell system and power engine.

关键词： Carbon

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Performance of commercial and modified activated carbons for hydrogen sulfide removal from simulated biogas

Performance of commercial and modified activated carbons for...

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IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and technology (CET)

In Thailand, biogas is one of a renewable energy that can be utilized for fuel and electricity generator. It contains methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), Oxygen (O 2 ) and a contaminant; hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). H 2 S is toxicity and high corrosion for engine. H 2 S can be removed from biogas by adsorption over activated carbon, which can be produced from agricultural waste in Thailand. The purpose of this work is to test performance of commercial and modified activated carbons on H 2 S removal from simulated biogas at 30 °C. Activated carbons were modified by steam activation, potassium hydroxide (KOH) impregnation and the combination of steam activation and KOH impregnation (S_KOH). Simulated biogas contain 3000 ppmv H 2 S, 40% CO 2 , 2% O 2 and 70% humidity. It was found that modified activated carbons have adsorption capacity significantly higher than commercial activated carbon (in the range of 2-6 times higher depending on modification method). In detail, 1 gram of S_KOH can adsorb 84.75 mg of H 2 S. Furthermore, S_KOH removed H 2 S from 3000 ppmv into 0 ppmv for 100 minutes. It can be concluded that modified activated carbons are highly applicable for H 2 S removal in biogas at room temperature. Therefore, purified biogas is safe for using in household and industry.

关键词： Carbon Industries

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A novel sol-gel route to pinhole-free iron sulfide thin films

A novel sol-gel route to pinhole-free iron sulfide thin film...

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37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2011

作者： Kment, S. Kmentova, H. Sarkar, A. Soukup, R.J. Ianno, N.J. Krysa, J. Hubicka, Z. Olejnicek, J. Exstrom, C.L. Darveau, S.A. Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE United States RCPTM Faculty of Science Palacky University 17. listopadu 12 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic Institute of Chemical Technology - ICT Prague Prague Czech Republic Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska at Kearney Kearney NE United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424499656

The general purpose of the study is to fabricate and improve upon FeS 2 thin films which can be used as the photon absorber layer for a heterojunction or homojunction solar cell. This work deals with the preparation of the pyrite by an unconventional sol-gel approach. Thin pyrite films were prepared by sulfurizing the iron oxide films previously deposited through the sol-gel method using iron (III) chloride as a precursor. The structural, morphological, electronic and optical properties of the deposited films were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Hall effect and profilometry. The effects of annealing and sulfurization temperatures were studied. The work was also devoted to the research of sodium diffusion from the substrate due to the thermal treatment and its affect on the pyrite films functionality. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： X ray diffraction

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Determination of estrogen-like compounds in fish liver tissue by solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Determination of estrogen-like compounds in fish liver tissu...

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International Conference on Electric technology and Civil engineering (ICETCE)

作者： Shiwei Jin Yan Huang Qiong Yi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Hubei University Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781457702891

An analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of eight estrogen-like compounds (nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol(OP), bisphenol A (BPA), diethylstilbestrol (DES), estrone (El), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and estriol (E3)) in liver of fish by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ga s chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed. Liver tissue samples added with 17β-estradiol-d4 (E2-d4, surrogate standard) are extracted by acetonitrile under ultrasonication and the lipid in the sample extract is eliminated by partitioning between hexane and acetonitrile. After Oasis HLB SPE column clean-up, the sample extract is derivatized with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). The derivatives of tar get compounds in the samples are determined by GC-MS in the s elected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The linearities range from 0. 005 to 0.8 mgL -1 for all target compounds. The average recoveries are 72.5±12.6% to 110.2±12.2% at 0.5 μg kg -1 , 5 μg kg -1 and 20 μg kg -1 spiked levels of target compounds. And the limits of quantification (LOQ) are 0.15 to 0.8 ngg -1 (R.S.D. 5.6% to 12.8%). The method is simple with good reproducibility and selectivity, an d high sensitivity. The application of this method is further demonstrated by analyzing various real samples from local supermarkets.

关键词： Compounds Spectroscopy Marine animals Liver Ions Chemistry Electronic mail

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Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface water using solid phase extraction with pyrenebutyric acid bonded silica and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface water ...

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International Conference on Electric technology and Civil engineering (ICETCE)

作者： Shiwei Jin Xu Zhang Rong Gao Bingzhong He Qiong Yi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Hubei University Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781457702891

In this paper, a kind of solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge was prepared using pyrenebutyric acid-bonded silica (PYB) as sorbent. The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface water were concentrated by these new SPE cartridges (PYB-SPE) and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Some factors including elution solvent, pH, and cartridge burden were investigated in SPE procedures. The results showed that the recoveries of PCBs detected were 70.42-110.51% under optimized conditions. And the performance of PYB-SPE method was similar with the United States Environmental Protection Agency 608 (USEPA608) method and better than C 18 -SPE method. The recoveries of PCB congeners determined by PYB-SPE method ranged from 73.9-96.5% in real spiked water samples which were identified to be in accordance with USEPA608 method. The developed PYB-SPE method was successfully applied to the determination of PCBs in water samples.

关键词： Silicon compounds Solids Biochemistry Solvents Hydrocarbons Spectroscopy Surface treatment

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Minimum of exergy consumption in a horizontal fluidized heat exchanger

Minimum of exergy consumption in a horizontal fluidized heat...

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作者： Poświata, A. Szwast, Z. Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering 1 Warynskiego Str. 00-645 Warsaw Poland

The paper presents a methodology and results of calculation for optimization of a horizontal fluidized-bed heat exchanger. In the fluidized bed, fine solid particles are heated by flowing hot gas. The hydrodynamics of the bed and heat transfer kinetics are described by the Kunii and Levenspiel two-phase model. As the performance index the function describing the total cost of the process is applied. The process costs are expressed in exergy units. The continuous optimization algorithm of Maximum Principle was used for calculation optimization. For the considered problem, the profile of the inlet gas temperature as well as the inlet gas total flow are searched. The analytical solution describing the temperature optimal profiles for various hydrodynamic, kinetic, and economic parameters was obtained. The results of calculations were described and discussed. © 2010 Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Optimization

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Environmental policy decision-making support tools and pollution reduction technologies: A summary

Environmental policy decision-making support tools and pollu...

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作者： Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír Centre for Process Integration and Intensification—CPI² Research Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Information Technology University of Pannonia Egyetem utca 10 Veszprém8200 Hungary

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Locally optimal fuzzy control of a heat exchanger

Locally optimal fuzzy control of a heat exchanger

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作者： Vasičkaninová, Anna Bakošová, Monika Department of Information Engineering and Process Control Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 81237 Bratislava Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9789604741991

The paper presents a fuzzy control based on parallel distributed fuzzy controllers for a heat exchanger. First, a TakagiSugeno fuzzy model is employed to represent a system. Each subcontroller is LQR designed and provides local optimal solutions. The stability of the system with the proposed fuzzy controllers is discussed. Finally, simulation results illustrate the validity and applicability of the presented approach.

关键词： Heat exchangers

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