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process efficiency enhancement of single mixed refrigerant LNG process

AIP Conference Proceedings 2025年第1期3266卷

作者： Nazreen Begum Najibullah Khan Dhiviya Tinakaran Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Gambang Pahang Malaysia

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) processing is as an energy and cost-intensive process due to the large energy consumption required to liquify the gas. The objective of this study is to enhance the process efficiency of a Single Mixed Refrigerant (SMR) LNG process for a small-scale LNG train with a capacity of 1-2 million tonnes per annum (MTPA). The process efficiency is enhanced by determining the optimal combination of mixed refrigerant composition such as nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane and butane that will minimise the overall energy consumption. The SMR LNG process is modelled and simulated using Aspen Plus. The process efficiency is evaluated using two parameters which are specific power (SP) and coefficient of performance (COP). By enhancing the mixed refrigerant composition of SMR process the results indicate that the specific power (SP) is improved from 0.225 kWh/kg to 0.218 kWh/kg (i.e. improvement about 3.3%). Meanwhile, the coefficient of performance (COP) is improved to 4.22 which indicate about 5% improvement in term of process efficiency enhancement.

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Comparison of different cooling strategies in achieving desired crystal size distribution for seeded potash alum crystallization process

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2025年第1期3266卷

作者： Siti Zubaidah Adnan Noor Asma Fazli Abdul Samad Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

Crystallization process is governed by nucleation, growth and dissolution mechanisms that are supersaturation dependent. It is thus crucial for the cooling strategy to be capable of controlling these mechanisms. However, to properly control these mechanisms through one cooling strategy is a challenge as increasing supersaturation would increase both nucleation and growth rates, while reducing supersaturation may increase dissolution and nucleation rates. This would contribute to the problem of achieving crystal size distribution (CSD) with significant fines. The trade-off between these rates needs to be balanced and employing several cooling strategies to compare which strategy works well with the selected crystallization process is recommended. This paper aims to provide a performance comparison in terms of CSD for two established cooling strategies labelled I and II, against new strategy III in achieving large sized crystals with less fines for seeded potash alum crystallization process. Strategy I is linear cooling policy, strategy II is for maximizing CSD, and strategy III is for minimizing supersaturation. This comparison study is established by simulation via MATLAB software. Based on the simulation results, strategy I delivers the smallest size of CSD with high fines or small-sized crystals, while strategy II provides large CSD but with significant number of fines. Strategy III gave smaller size of grown seed crystals compared to strategy II but with insignificant fines. Overall, strategy III is considered the best trade-off strategy for seeded potash alum crystallization process in producing large size of crystals with the lowest number of fines.

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Predicting energy production of integrated torrefaction and combustion in a biomass power plant

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2025年第1期3266卷

作者： Siti Nurazlin Khalil Ruwaida Abdul Rasid Mazni Ismail Noorlisa Harun Wan Hanisah W. Ibrahim Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

Biomass combustion is widely used in energy generation, especially in power plants, and Malaysia’s abundant palm oil waste provides a promising resource for energy production. Additionally, there is a continuous increase in energy demand due to rising living standards and population growth. However, the moisture content in palm oil waste hinders power generation efficiency. To tackle this challenge, implementing a torrefaction process offers a viable solution to effectively reduce moisture content and enhance power generation efficiency. This study revolves around the simulation of biomass combustion in Aspen Plus software, aiming to increase power generation efficiency through the integration of torrefaction. A base case (Case 1) was developed and validated with data from FTJ Biopower Sdn. Bhd. (FTJ) power plant. A comparison was drawn across various cases, out of which, conventional torrefaction with inert nitrogen (Case 2) and oxidative torrefaction with air (Case 3) showed a slight enhancement in power production compared to the others. However, Case 4 whereby combustion with integrated conventional torrefaction with recycle holds potential for cost-saving due to the recycling of produced gas in the process. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation for the integration of torrefaction in power generation process, and it proves the potential of torrefaction as a promising pretreatment for thermal conversion of biomass waste. This information can be beneficial to understand and optimize the overall power generation process for exploring possible integration of torrefaction in existing facilities without the need for laborious, high-cost, and time-consuming experimental investigation.

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Development of Supported Catalyst for Hydrogen Production From Sodium Borohydride

Development of Supported Catalyst for Hydrogen Production Fr...

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Global Energy Conference (GEC)

作者： Ahmet Sayilgan Erhan Onat Selma Ekıncı Mehmet Sait İzgı Tatvan Vocational School Electricity and Energy Program Bitlis Eren University Bitlis Türkiye Organized Industrial Zone Vocational School Electricity and Energy Program Bitlis Eren University Bitlis Türkiye Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technology Vocational School of Technical Sciences Batman University Batman Türkiye Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Siirt Universit Siirt Türkiye

ISBN: (数字)9798331532611

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532628

The best solution to the problems caused by fossil fuels and the limitations of renewable energy sources is the conversion of hydrogen into energy in fuel cells. The transportation and storage problems, which are the main obstacles to the conversion of hydrogen into energy in fuel cells, can be overcome by storing hydrogen in boron compounds. The recovery of hydrogen stored in boron compounds when needed is carried out through catalytic processes. In this study, a supported catalyst was synthesized for use in hydrogen production from sodium borohydride (SBH), which is one of the main boron compounds used in the solid storage of hydrogen, and the dehydrogenation parameters of the synthesized catalyst were investigated. In this context, chenopodium botrys plant extract was used as a support material for nickel (Ni) metal atoms. At the end of the extraction carried out through a hydrothermal process, Ni atoms were decorated using the impregnation method in the extract, and the Ni@KBHE catalyst was produced via reduction under SBH. After the washing, filtration, and drying processes were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere, the solution medium, catalyst amount, SBH concentration, and temperature parameters of SBH hydrolysis with the crumbled catalyst were optimized. Optimum values for hydrogen production were obtained using 5% NaOH, 60 mg of catalyst, and 2% SBH. The hydrogen production rate (HGR) at these values was 4664 mL/g min. As a result of the catalytic reaction kinetic calculations, it was determined that the reaction was nth order, and the reaction activation energy was 49.4 kJ/mol.

关键词： Hydrolysis Boron Catalysts Sodium Hydrogen Fuel cells Production Atoms Nickel Compounds

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Bayesian network analysis of pilot plant keratin production from chicken feathers

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2025年第1期3266卷

作者： Vinhur Lim Mao Some Nurul Syahirah Syahril Muhammad Asyraf Rusli Nurul Sa’aadah Sulaiman Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuhraya Tun Khalil Yaacob 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

The uncontrolled disposal of feathers from the poultry industry poses a significant environmental challenge. To address this issue, a pilot plant at Universiti Malaysia Pahang has been developed to recycle chicken feathers for keratin production. However, the uncertainty surrounding the keratin production process in the pilot plant has not been assessed. This study aims to investigate the likelihood of process parameters affecting keratin production quality using a Bayesian Network model. The model, constructed using probability distribution and theory, predicts outcomes based on causal relationships between nodes. GeNIe Modeler software is used to develop the model, with expert opinions informing the conditional probability tables (CPTs). Prediction, diagnosis, and sensitivity analyses are conducted to evaluate the model’s outcomes. Parameters such as temperature, solvent-to-material ratio, concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and rotational speed are identified as factors influencing keratin production. Additionally, each stage of the process can impact the quality of the keratin product. Results indicate that the model successfully predicts a 96% likelihood of good keratin production quality by identifying critical process parameters. Furthermore, the model can predict keratin production quality based on updated evidence.

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Characterization of biocomposite from polypropylene and alkaline treated pineapple leaves fiber

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2025年第1期3266卷

作者： W. N. F. E. W. Adnan N. N. F. Nadzeri N. A. Yaacob N. I. A. A. Nordin Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

In recent years, scientific research in the composite area has been focusing on finding an alternative to replace the petroleum-based polymer. Pineapple Leaves Fibre (PALF) is one of the natural fiber potentially for further research and development to achieve this goal. However, the low thermal resistance and hydrophilic properties of PALF are the main drawbacks in this development. This paper studies the effect on properties of polypropylene (PP) biocomposites reinforced with different fibre loading of untreated-PALF and NaOH-treated-PALF. The fibres were characterised by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The untreated, 3 wt.% NaOH treated and 9 wt% NaOH treated PALF were grinded and compounded with PP using an extruder at 10, 20 and 30 wt% of fiber loading. Then, the samples were hot pressed into a film. Samples were analysis by its tensile strength and water absorption. The results show that the NaOH treated samples have improved thermal stability in range of 20 – 40% which is due to the removal of lignin and hemicellulose. The 3 wt.% NaOH treated PALF/PP biocomposite has a higher tensile strength at 23 MPa and lower water absorption at 1.19% compared to the 9 wt.% NaOH treated PALF/PP sample having tensile strength 19 MPa and 1.36% water absorption, at 10 wt% fiber loading. NaOH treatment can remove the lignin and hemicellulose content in the fiber. The improved tensile and water absorption of treated fiber biocomposite showed better compatibility of fiber with PP. This study successfully demonstrated that alkaline treatment at concentrations less than 10 wt% can improve the properties of natural fiber and subsequently promote to better compatibility of fiber and polymer matrix.

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Dispersant-based ionic liquids for petroleum pipeline

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2025年第1期3266卷

作者： Ezuan Hakeem Abdul Tahir Mohamad Ikram Mohamad Nuraishah Jasmin Ahmad Musfareza Syamsul B. Abdullah Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

Petroleum exploration focuses mainly on searching for petroleum, classified as hydrocarbon compounds. As soon as the pipeline is switched off, the viscous petroleum will begin to cool and lose its fluidity, transforming into a gel that is difficult to restart. Pre-treatment of oil with a dispersant is a method for modifying the rheological characteristics of gelled waxy petroleum to improve transport. The current project is to overcome this problem where obstruction is a regular occurrence in upstream or downstream petroleum pipelines. This project aims to test the performance of two types of ionic liquids (ILs), namely hydrophobic ILs and hydrophilic ILs. The study concludes that hydrophilic ILs optimally effect paraffin wax in petroleum pipelines.

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Evaluation of synthesis gas production based on simulation study of steam fluidized bed gasification with shift reaction using raw and torrefied oil palm frond as feedstock

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2025年第1期3266卷

作者： Noor Asma Fazli Abdul Samad Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

Oil palm frond (OPF) is major agricultural waste from oil palm industry in Malaysia which can be utilized as biomass feedstock for syngas production by using gasification process. Employing torrefaction on OPF as biomass pretreatment could improve carbon and energy contents in the biomass which improves the production of syngas by using steam as gasifying agent. The objective of this study is to construct a validated simulation model for steam fluidized-bed gasification with shift reaction for evaluating the effect of gasification temperature, steam-to-biomass ratio and shift reaction temperature on syngas production and gasification performance using raw and torrefied OPF. Aspen Plus software is used to develop a simulation model for steam fluidized-bed gasification with shift reaction by minimizing Gibbs free energy and was validated with experimental data from literature. Sensitivity analysis of simulation model were performed at different gasification temperature from 700 to 1000 °C and different steam-to-biomass ratio from 0.2 to 1.0 for evaluating hydrogen yield and H2/CO molar ratio. Furthermore, different shift reaction temperature from 200 to 1000 °C is simulated for evaluating syngas improvement in terms of hydrogen yield and H2/CO molar ratio. Simulation results show torrefied OPF exhibits better hydrogen yield but lower H2/CO molar ratio at different gasification temperature and steam-to-biomass ratio. Gasification temperature of 800°C to 900°C are found to be optimum with highest hydrogen yield for all feedstocks. Steam-to-biomass ratio of 0.4 to 0.5 was preferred to provide sufficient steam for gasification process as further increase of the ratio would decrease syngas yield. The increase in shift reaction temperature improves the quality of syngas in terms of H2/CO molar ratio. In overall, torrefied OPF improves the quantity of syngas produced but reduces the quality of syngas.

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Upgrading of biogas from anaerobic digestion using pressurized water scrubbing

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2025年第1期3266卷

作者： Vinothraj Panneer Selvam Noorlisa Harun Ruwaida Abdul Rasid Faculty of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

The two most significant applications for biomethane, which is created from biogas, are gas injection into the gas grid and vehicle fuel. The transition to biomethane allows for the expansion of biogas applications into transportation sectors, thereby supporting carbon-neutral goals. Biogas that serves as the biomethane source must be decontaminated since it contains unwanted substances such hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), siloxanes, and water. High-pressure water scrubbing is an environmentally friendly method of upgrading biogas. This study aims to simulate biomethane production by upgrading the biogas produced by anaerobic digestion of food waste by using high-pressure water scrubbing in Aspen Plus software. The component list, design specifications of columns, and input conditions are specified in Aspen Plus. Radfrac column models were selected in this study to simulate the absorber, flash, and stripper. The influence of column height, pressure, temperature, and the type of packing column used in the absorber on biomethane purity and CO2 removal percentage was examined using sensitivity analysis. The biomethane purity obtained was more than 95%, which is the average standard concentration for use as automobile fuels or in a gas grid. The biomethane purity and CO2 removal percentage improved when the height and pressure of the absorbers were increased. In contrast, absorber temperature was inversely proportional to the biomethane purity and CO2 removal. Random packing for the absorber yielded a higher amount of biomethane purity and CO2 removal than structured packing. The simulation model can be used to portray biomethane production by enhancing biogas using high-pressure water scrubbing method.

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Effect of pectin-CMC-based coating on texture of hot air-dried honeydew 4

Effect of pectin-CMC-based coating on texture of hot air-dri...

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4th International Conference on Green chemical engineering and technology: Materials Science, GCET 2019

作者： Raup, M.F. Abdul Manap, M.A. Faridatul Ain, M.R. Ibrahim, S.F. Abdul Rahman, M. Section of Food Engineering Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology Melaka Alor Gajah78000 Malaysia School of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Leeds West YorkshireLS2 9JT United Kingdom

The optimization of temperature, immersion time and coating treatment, during hot air drying of honeydew, was investigated by the response surface methodology. The results show that the coated sample with immersion time of 35 min at drying temperature 55 °C was determined as the optimum condition for this study. The honeydew was coated with pectin-CMC-based edible coating (except non-coated sample) and was then hot-air dried. The data from the chromameter for colour analysis showed that the decreasing value of ΔE as the immersion time and temperature increase and non-coated samples also shows higher value than coated samples. The results of the texture (skin strength) analysis showed that the longer immersion time resulted in lower skin strength. However, the coated samples had better structural integrity and higher moisture content, but the plasticizing effect from the coating result in the lower skin strength. Highest moisture content recorded was from coated sample with 60 min immersion time at 58 °C. Pectin-CMC-based edible coating acts as a barrier where the sample moisture was trapped;longer the immersion time and higher barrier produced. Coated sample showed lower rehydration ratio than non-coated sample. The pectin-CMC-based edible coating solutions produced a sticky layer on the surface of samples, which is solidified during air-drying and this layer can potentially reduce water absorption into the porous structure in honeydew texture. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coatings

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