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Fabrication and characterization of poly(ether-block-amide) (Pebax-1657) and silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO-34) composite membranes

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2021年 47卷 1269-1272页

作者： Mohd Syazwan Kamarudin Norwahyu Jusoh Tengku Nur Adibah Tengku Hassan Umi Fazara Md Ali Syamsul Bahari Abdullah Amir Syafiq Syamin Syah Amir Hamzah Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia School of Environmental Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology College of Engineering Technology University Malaysia Pahang 26300 Gambang Kuantan Malaysia Department of Management of Technology Malaysia Japan International Insititute of Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 54100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

In the past few years, composite membrane has been introduced to cater the limitation of polymeric and inorganic membranes. However, the fabrication of ideal composite membrane with appropriate loading of filler remains challenging. Thus, the material selection as well as optimum loading with the conditions observed for the formulation of the composite membrane studied. In this present work, a series of poly(ether-block-amide) (Pebax-1657) and silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO-34) composite membrane with different loading of SAPO-34 particles (0–4 wt%) were fabricated. The physicochemical properties of the resultant membranes were investigated by utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Based on analysis, a good distribution of filler was obtained for the membranes loaded with 1 wt% and 2 wt% of SAPO-34 particles. Further increase of inorganic filler loading lead to the sedimentation and agglomeration of particle in the membrane, which may deteriorate the membrane performance in gas separation. Therefore, the optimum loading of inorganic particles in polymer phase play a major role in obtaining membrane with minimum defects ahead of gas separation performance tests such as for CO 2 /ethylene separation application.

关键词： Characterization Composite membrane Fabrication Pebax-1657 SAPO-34

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Hurdle technology for fish preservation

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020年第2期5卷 65-71页

作者： Theofania Tsironi Dimitra Houhoula Petros Taoukis Agricultural University of Athens Department of Food Science and Human NutritionLaboratory of Food Process EngineeringGreece Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Food SciencesUniversity of West AtticaAthensGreece National Technical University of Athens School of Chemical EngineeringLaboratory of Food Chemistry and TechnologyGreece

Fresh fish is a highly perishable product due to the chemical composition of fish flesh and the high microbial load on fish *** natural microflora that is more adopted to low temperatures results also in lower thermal bacterial shock from natural temperature to the preservation temperature *** development of new fish processing(*** hydrostatic pressure,osmotic dehydration,high-intensity pulsed light)and packaging(*** atmospheres,active and intelligent packaging)methods or novel combinations of existing technologies is sought by the industry in the pursuit of producing alternative products,achieving shelf life extension,and management and reducing food *** 2014,processed fish was among the most active new product *** lack of dissemination of validated laboratory results for the seafood industry is one of the major issues preventing the uptake of minimal and nonthermal processing for fresh ***,it has been reported that some bacteria become more resistant under stress(*** lactobacilli).At the same time,the application of some processing methods(*** processing)may affect significantly the nutritional and sensory profile of the target food *** application of several“soft hurdles”may reduce the rate of fish deterioration and spoilage caused by microbial *** objective of this article is to review the preservative effect of alternative hurdles on fish quality and shelf life,focusing on recent,combined applications.

关键词： Hurdles Fish Quality Safety Kinetic modelling Shelf life

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Effect of amino acids in the stability study of hydrolase enzymes produced via solid-state fermentation using empty fruit bunch and palm oil mill sludge

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年

作者： F.H. Zainuddin K.M.T. Ling N.H. Abdul Mutallib N.S. Azizul Shahizani N. Abu Yazid Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is an alternative treatment for valorizing agro-waste, as well as broadening their potential uses in the production of industrial enzymes. This study aims to investigate an addition of amino acids affecting the stability of hydrolases enzymes produced from SSF. The SSF was carried out for nine days with and without the addition of amino acids as a booster. About 16–57 % increased yield in the hydrolytic enzymes were obtained in the SSF with amino acids when compared to the SSF without. The yields of the enzymes remained high in the SSF with amino acids over the wide range of temperature and pH. Hence, the addition of amino acids enhanced the stability and enzymes yield.

关键词： Amino acid Amylase Protease Cellulase Solid-state fermentation Agro-waste

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Performance of activated carbon prepared at different carbonization and activation temperature

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2792卷

作者： Mohd Syazani Syazwi Man Aainaa Izyan Nafsun Abdul Halim Abdul Razik Nor Khonisah Daud Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

Empty fruit bunches (EFB) are one of the biomass wastes produced from palm oil plantation in Malaysia which are rich in carbon, thus favorable for activated carbon (AC) production. In the present work, AC was produced from EFB via physical activation with carbon dioxide. The influence of carbonization and activation temperature on the quality of activated carbon has been analyzed. The experiment started with pre-treatment and processing of the sample with predetermined particle size of 1 mm and lower. Next, the EFB underwent carbonization process and activation process at different temperature for 1 hour. The experiments were conducted with various carbonization temperatures (400°C, 600°C and 800°C) and activation temperatures (500°C, 650°C and 850°C). The activated carbon was subsequently analyzed using BET analysis and adsorption test with methylene blue. From the analysis, sample 4 at carbonization temperature of 600°C and activation temperature at 850°C shows the highest BET surface area of 602.98 m2/g and highest rate removal at 77.56%. Form this study, it can be concluded that higher carbonization and activation temperature promotes higher surface area of AC, thus increase the performance of AC in adsorption process.

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A review of process simulation & modeling approach in anaerobic digestion process for biogas production

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2792卷

作者： Nailah Fasihah Sidek Noorlisa Harun Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

Biogas produced through anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic materials attracts the interest of researchers and developers throughout the world as one of the most sustainable ways. Despite its complexity, numerous mathematical models have been developed to represent the biological transformation of these organic waste. Thus, most researchers favor combining these models with simulation software to facilitate building the AD without actual experimental setup as it eases the evaluation and analysis process. This paper presents a wide-ranging review of different types of simulation software used in AD. It can be categorized into two types: equational oriented and sequential modular. These methods provide different benefits to the developers of biogas production in accordance with the objectives of the study conducted. It includes establishing process design criteria that help in equipment sizing, hence easing the estimation of capital and operating costs. This review discusses how different simulations are used on different case studies with different conditions and parameters based on past research achievements.

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Co-production of easily hydrolysable cellulosic substrates and UV-blocking lignin nanoparticles through "lignin-first" polyethylene glycol fractionation

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2025年第Pt 1期316卷 144709页

作者： Song, Guojie Hu, Wenhao Liu, Qiangqiang Deng, Zhichao Zhang, Hui Shi, Changrong Madadi, Meysam Sun, Chihe Sun, Fubao Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of MOE School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan430205 China Faculty of Chemical Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650000 China

A novel polyethylene glycol (PEG 400)-assisted lignin-first strategy was developed to selectively fractionate sugarcane bagasse while co-producing hydrolyzable cellulosic substrates and structurally modified lignin nanoparticles (LNPs). Under mild conditions catalyzed by Lewis acid (120 °C and 1.5 % AlCl3), the process achieved 92 % cellulose retention, 81 % delignification, and 76 % hemicellulose removal, significantly enhancing hydrolysis efficiency to 86 %. PEG had extensive esterification or etherification modifications on the lignin aromatic monomers, as well as on its Ca position, side-chain aliphatic –OH, and phenolic –OH. PEG-modified lignin retained high β-O-4 linkages, limited recondensation, and improved hydrophilicity, enabling the LNPs preparation with uniform and small particle sizes. Structural analyses revealed that lignin S/G ratio, β-O-4 linkages, molecular weight, and contact angle (R2 > 0.84) strongly influenced the self-assembly of LNPs. The application of LNPs has been broadened in UV-blocking materials, particularly for protecting against ultraviolet A wavelengths (320–400 nm). They demonstrated good biocompatibility, with 94 %–99 % cell viability, alongside enhanced antioxidant activities (1.25–7.6 times higher) and photostability. Adding 1 %–7 % of LNPs elevated the sun protection factor of commercial sunscreen (∼46) to an impressive range of 91.6–143.5. This work offers an efficient and sustainable route for co-producing fermentable sugars and functional lignin-based materials, contributing to a circular bioeconomy. © 2025

关键词： Self assembly

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Hydrophilic/underwater oleophobic composite hydrogel for efficient oil/water separation in environmental remediation

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Physica Scripta 2025年第7期100卷 075923-075923页

作者： Maha Mohammad AL-Rajabi Safa Senan Mahmod Ibrahim A Suleiman Mohamad Iqbal Bin Azmi Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim Yeit Haan Teow Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Technology Al-Balqa Applied University Amman 11134 Jordan Engineering Technology of Chemical and Petroleum Industries Technical Engineering College Northern Technical University 41002 Mosul Iraq Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization Universiti Malaysia Perlis UniMAP Malaysia Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis UniMAP Malaysia Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO) Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Cleaner Production—UKM Research Group Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia

The increasing frequency of petroleum oil spill has heightened the need for efficient oil/water separation technologies. This study presents the development of a carboxymethyl cellulose-poly(vinyl alcohol) (CMC-PVA) composite hydrogel for efficient oil/water remediation. The CMC-PVA hydrogel was synthesized via chemical cross-linking (3% v/v glutaraldehyde), and the effects of varying CMC concentrations (2% w/v, 3% w/v, and 4% w/v) were investigated while maintaining a constant PVA concentration of 5% w/v. The hydrogels exhibited excellent underwater oleophobicity and hydrophilicity, enabling gravity-driven oil–water separation. Notably, the CMC-PVA hydrogel with 3% w/v CMC (CMC-PVA-3) achieved a high underwater oil contact angle (>134°) and a low water contact angle (27.1°)resulting in an oil rejection rate of 97%. Permeate flux measurements confirmed its stability, with a maximum flux of 290 LMH over multiple cycles. The remarkable wetting properties and separation performance of the CMC-PVA hydrogel underscore its potential as an effective solution for oil/water remediation. This study introduces a novel composite hydrogel formulation that enhances oil/water separation efficiency while maintaining excellent stability and sustainability for environmental applications.

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Oil palm biomass ash removal for boiler fuel optimization: A case study

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Case Studies in chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Hidayat, Herman Fausiah Anam, Ahsonul Sudono Destian, Erbert Ferdy Noor, Ilhamsyah Ghofar, Abdul Rosjidi, Mochamad Harmadi, Rudias Islam Nuswantoro, Dorit Bayu Aminuddin Sitorus, Rudy Surya Rosadi, Dadang Saleh, Muksin Hariana Priambodo, Trisaksono Bagus Iman Umiati Hadiyanto Research Center for Process and Manufacturing Industry Technology Research Organization for Energy and Manufacture National Research and Innovation Agency South Tangerang 15314 Indonesia Nusantara Energy and Mineral Society (MEMNU) Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang 50275 Indonesia Magister of Industrial Engineering Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta 11650 Indonesia Research Center for Energy Conversion and Conservation Research Organization for Energy and Manufacture National Research and Innovation Agency South Tangerang 15314 Indonesia

The growing demand for sustainable energy sources has prompted increased interest in biomass materials, particularly oil palm biomass (OPB), as an alternative to coal for power generation. OPB, derived from oil palm plantations, is abundant in tropical regions and represents a renewable energy resource. However, its high alkali content presents challenges in the form of slagging and fouling in boilers, which can lead to operational inefficiencies and equipment damage. This issue hinders the broader adoption of OPB in energy production, which is crucial for meeting global energy demands while addressing environmental concerns. In this study, OPB particles (<0.86 mm) underwent a 15-min washing treatment using acetic acid and water at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 to mitigate slagging and fouling risks. Various OPB types, including empty fruit bunches (EFB), shells (SHL), fibers (FBR), fronds (FRD), and trunks (TRK), were examined. The results showed that acetic acid washing removed 44–78 % of the ash content and increased the ash fusion temperature (AFT) by 8.8–14.8 %, compared to 32–50 % ash removal and a 4.2–7.6 % AFT rise with water washing. Both treatments effectively reduced slagging and fouling tendencies, making OPB a more viable and environmentally sustainable alternative for power generation. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Ash removal Leaching Oil palm biomass Slagging fouling Washing

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Physical characterization of propolis encapsulated vitamin E TPGS as nanomedicine

Physical characterization of propolis encapsulated vitamin E...

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2nd International Conference on Innovative technology and Sciences, iCITES 2020

作者： Kong, Yee Tong Kutty, Rajaletchumy Veloo Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology College of Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Kuantan26300 Malaysia Center of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Kuantan26300 Malaysia

CAPE found in propolis has become the subject of research interest as it has various medicinal benefits such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and immunomodulatory properties [1]. In this study, propolis obtained in Kuantan, Pahang is encapsulated using biodegradable polymer, vitamin E TPGS as a drug delivery system whereas TPGS-CAPE is used as a control. The findings show the physical characterization of propolis loaded vitamin E TPGS polymeric micelles which includes size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, shape and morphology and encapsulation efficiency. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Medical nanotechnology

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Sonication-assisted activation of empty fruit bunches to produce activated carbon for supercapacitor's electrodes: Surface chemistry and morphology characterization

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Heliyon 2024年第21期10卷 e38975页

作者： Awoh, Egbe Terence Kiplagat, Joseph Kimutai, Stephen K. Mecha, Achisa C. Department of Mechanical Production and Energy Engineering School of Engineering Moi University P.O. Box 3900 Eldoret 30100 Kenya Renewable Energy Environment Nanomaterials and Water Research Group Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Moi University P.O Box 3900 Eldoret 30100 Kenya Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology University of Buea P.O Box 63 Buea Cameroon Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson 85721 AZ United States

Thermochemical treatment of empty fruit bunches (EFBs) had been proven to be the fastest way of converting this agro-industrial waste into value. Two-step carbonization and activation was used to convert the EFB to activated carbon with high specific surface area (SSA) and porosity. Hydrothermal carbonization was done at 225 to 275 °C;at retention time of 1–3 h. Activation was done at 800 °C for 1 h, using KOH at two different concentrations. The BET surface area, porosity and surface functional groups of the activated carbon were investigated. The samples experienced change in colourations, with the degree of colouration increases with the time and temperature of the reaction. The increase in these parameters also led to increase in the alkane functional groups and corresponding decreased in the hydroxyl functional groups. The specific surface area was measured using BET and maximum surface of 1375.26 m²/g was obtained when the biomass was carbonized at 275 °C for 1 h, and activated at 800 °C using KOH at a concentration of 1:1 to the hydrochar. Ultrasonic post-treatment of the activated carbon enhanced the BET surface area and pore volume to about 1.13 and 1.16 times, respectively. The corresponding pore diameter and volume at this optimum condition were 3.32 nm and 0.73 cm³/g, respectively. The material demonstrated a high specific surface area for electronic and ionic diffusions. © 2024

关键词： EFB Hydrochar KOH activation Palm biomass ultrasonic post-treatment

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