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Stationary, continuous, and discrete wavelet-based approach for secure medical image transmission

Research on Biomedical engineering 2023年第1期39卷 167-178页

作者： Sayah, Moad Med Redouane, Kafi Med Amine, Khaldi Electrical Engineering Laboratory Department of Electronics Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla30000 Algeria Computer Science Department Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla30000 Algeria

Purpose: Watermarking is one of the techniques used to protect multimedia data, and images in particular, from malicious attacks by inserting a signature into these images. However, traditional watermarking schemes encounter limitations for sensitive images such as medical images. Methods: In this work, a robust and blind watermarking approach is proposed to secure medical images exchanged in telemedicine. Marking medical images allows precise authentication of the patient and avoids confusing scans and thus avoiding diagnostic errors that can have serious consequences. In this approach, the frequency content of the image is acquired using three different transforms. Schur decomposition is then applied to the low-frequency sub-bands. Finally, the obtained upper triangular matrix values are modifier to integrate the watermark bits. Result and conclusion: Imperceptibility and robustness experimental results show that the proposed methods adequately maintain a significant quality of watermarked images and are remarkably robust against several conventional attacks. Indeed, the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) obtained is 44.90 dB which proves that the integration process generates few distortions to the original image. For the robustness, the obtained results show that the watermark is resistant to the most common attacks used in watermarking with a normalized cross correlation rate higher than 0.9 for the majority of the attacks. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering.

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms

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Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section on Open Radio Access Networks: Architecture, Challenges, Opportunities, and Use Cases in Vehicular Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2024年第7期73卷 9221-9225页

作者： Dev, Kapal Chih-Lin, I. Marojevic, Vuk Khowaja, Sunder Ali Lien, Shao-Yu Wang, Yue Munster Technological University Department of Computer Science China Mobile Research Institute Mississippi State University Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Sindh Faculty of Engineering and Technology National Chung Cheng University Samsung Electronics

Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) was introduced to support autonomous driving through 5G and beyond networks. C-V2X leverages cellular network infrastructure to integrate vehicle-to-network, vehicle-to-pedestrian, vehicle-to-infrastructure, and vehicle-to-vehicle communications. It has been suggested that Open RAN can be used to achieve the latency requirements essential to realize C-V2X as it achieves real-time optimization through the use of AI in Near real-time RAN Intelligence Controller (Near-RT RIC). The Open RAN will allow the access to historical traffic data or acquisition of data from vehicles. The data will then be transferred to Near-RT RIC for detecting network anomalies while maintaining reliable communication, which is essential for realizing autonomous driving. Open RAN also supports non-real-time RAN intelligent controller (Non-RT RIC) that allows more complex ML workflows such as policy-based feature extraction and optimization to guide vehicles when real-time acquisition is not available. Open RAN provides support for edge cloud, i.e. Open Cloud that helps to interface the Near-RT RIC with Open RAN central unit's user and control plane. Together, the Open RAN and C-V2X are considered to be the key-enabling technologies for achieving low-latency in autonomous vehicular communication networks. The issue attracted over 100 high-quality submissions from all over the world, among which 12 original contributions were eventually selected for publication. The novelty and key contributions of these articles are summarized as follows. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Special issues and sections Vehicular ad hoc networks Cellular networks Autonomous driving 5G mobile communication Radio access networks Open RAN

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Robust and High Accuracy Algorithm for Detection of Pupil Images

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 33-50页

作者： Waleed El Nahal Hatim G.Zaini Raghad H.Zaini Sherif S.M.Ghoneim Ashraf Mohamed Ali Hassan Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMSA UniversityCO12585Egypt Computer Engineering Department College of Computer and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringSinai UniversityArishCO45511Egypt

Recently,many researchers have tried to develop a robust,fast,and accurate *** algorithm is for eye-tracking and detecting pupil position in many applications such as head-mounted eye tracking,gaze-based human-computer interaction,medical applications(such as deaf and diabetes patients),and attention *** real-world conditions challenge the eye appearance,such as illumination,reflections,and *** the other hand,individual differences in eye physiology and other sources of noise,such as contact lenses or *** present work introduces a robust pupil detection algorithm with and higher accuracy than the previous attempts for real-time analytics *** proposed circular hough transform with morphing canny edge detection for Pupillometery(CHMCEP)algorithm can detect even the blurred or noisy images by using different filtering methods in the pre-processing or start phase to remove the blur and noise and finally the second filtering process before the circular Hough transform for the center fitting to make sure better *** performance of the proposed CHMCEP algorithm was tested against recent pupil detection *** and results show that the proposed CHMCEP algorithm achieved detection rates of 87.11,78.54,58,and 78 according to´Swirski,ExCuSe,Else,and labeled pupils in the wild(LPW)data sets,*** results show that the proposed approach performs better than the other pupil detection methods by a large margin by providing exact and robust pupil positions on challenging ordinary eye pictures.

关键词： Pupil detection eye tracking pupil edge morphing techniques eye images dataset

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Gauss Gradient and SURF Features for Landmine Detection from GPR Images

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 4457-4486页

作者： Fatma M.El-Ghamry Walid El-Shafai Mahmouad I.Abdalla Ghada M.El-Banby Abeer D.Algarni Moawad I.Dessouky Adel S.Elfishawy Fathi E.Abd El-Samie Naglaa F.Soliman Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Faculty of EngineeringZagazig UniversityZagazigSharqia44519Egypt Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenoufia32952Egypt Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

Recently,ground-penetrating radar(GPR)has been extended as a well-known area to investigate the subsurface ***,its output has a low resolution,and it needs more processing for more *** paper presents two algorithms for landmine detection from GPR *** first algorithm depends on a multi-scale technique.A Gaussian kernel with a particular scale is convolved with the image,and after that,two gradients are estimated;horizontal and vertical ***,histogram and cumulative histogram are estimated for the overall gradient *** bin values on the cumulative histogram are used for discrimination between images with and without ***,a neural classifier is used to classify images with cumulative histograms as feature *** second algorithm is based on scale-space analysis with the number of speeded-up robust feature(SURF)points as the key parameter for *** addition,this paper presents a framework for size reduction of GPR images based on decimation for efficient *** further classification steps can be performed on images after *** sensitivity of classification accuracy to the interpolation process is studied in detail.

关键词： GPR images cumulative histogram gradient image neural classifier SURF

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Optimizing AODV Routing Protocol to Improve Quality of Service Performance for V2V Communication

Optimizing AODV Routing Protocol to Improve Quality of Servi...

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2024 International Conference on Smart Computing, IoT and Machine Learning, SIML 2024

作者： Bintoro, Ketut Bayu Yogha Priyambodo, Tri Kuntoro Musthofa, Muhammad Nurul Gadjah Mada University Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Sciences Dept.of Computer Science and Electronics Yogyakarta Indonesia Universitas Trilogi Faculty of Sciences Technology and Design Dept. of Informatic Engineering Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364101

The study focuses on Quality of Service (QoS) issues in learning automata-based AODV (LA-AODV) for V2V communication protocols. It analyzes and compares the LAAODV protocol with the original AODV protocol in dynamic traffic situations. The study evaluates critical metrics such as the number of vehicles, average speed, congestion spots, and vehicle time loss across various traffic scenarios, including smooth traffic, steady flow traffic, and heavy traffic. NS3 and SUMO are used as essential tools for this evaluation. The study finds that the LA-AODV protocol performs better in smooth traffic conditions than AODV. It demonstrates a 38.27% higher packet delivery ratio (PDR), an 85.26% lower packet loss ratio (PLR), and a remarkable 56.62% increase in average throughput compared to AODV. Both protocols exhibit similar performance in steady flow traffic with high PDRs (97.60% and 96.87%, respectively) and low PLRs (2% and 3%, respectively). However, AODV outshines LA-AODV with a higher PDR (97.60%)) than LA-AODV (96.87%) in heavy traffic. LA-AODV, on the other hand, excels in average throughput by 17.24% in heavy traffic. The study offers valuable insights for improving V2V communication protocols and enhancing communication efficiency to handle dynamic and traffic situations. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Quality of service

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Real-Time Energy Monitoring in Renewable EV Charging Stations: An ESP32-Based System Integrating Modbus, MQTT, and ESP-NOW Protocols 22

Real-Time Energy Monitoring in Renewable EV Charging Station...

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22nd IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development, SCOReD 2024

作者： Nizam, Mohamad Syukri Mohamad Abdullah, Ezmin Hidayat, Nabil M. Hashim, Nik Mohd Zarifie Hassan, M A Abu Universiti Teknologi MARA School of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Selangor Shah Alam Malaysia Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty of Electronics & Computer Engineering Melaka Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510077

The global shift toward electric vehicles (EVs) has created a critical need for efficient and sustainable renewable-powered EV charging infrastructure. This paper presents an innovative ESP32-based energy monitoring system integrating Modbus, MQTT, and ESP-NOW protocols to address challenges in real-time energy management and communication. The system monitors key components, including the grid, solar panels, EV chargers, and energy storage systems (ESS), using four ESP32 units as data senders. Data is collected locally via Modbus, transmitted to a central ESP32 receiver using ESP-NOW for peer-to-peer communication, and visualized on a cloud platform (Thingsboard) using MQTT. Testing conducted within a 5-30 meters range demonstrated reliable local data acquisition, consistent 5 -second updates through MQTT, and optimized communication via ESP-NOW with a payload limit of 250 bytes. Results confirm the system's scalability, reliability, and suitability for low-cost implementation in renewable-powered EV charging networks, offering real-time monitoring and operational insights essential for efficient energy distribution. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Charging stations

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Estimating the AGV load and a battery lifetime based on the current measurement and random forest application

Estimating the AGV load and a battery lifetime based on the ...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2023

作者： Hanzel, Krzysztof Grzechca, Damian Ziebinski, Adam Chruszczyk, Lukas Janus, Artur Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Telecommunications and Teleinformatics Gliwice Poland Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Microelectronics Gliwice Poland Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Distributed Systems and Informatics Devices Gliwice Poland Silesian University of Technology Student of Electrical EngineeringFaculty of Electrical Engineering Gliwice Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324457

The paper describes the energy consumption from the battery based on the current measurements for various cases, i.e., speed (PWL adjustment) and loads. The main purpose of the research is to have additional and reliable information about power consumption and battery life estimation for autonomous guided vehicles (AGV). The authors propose a two-step algorithm. In the first step, a linear classifier was proposed. Then, the KNN classifier was tested;however, it did not give satisfactory results, so it was finally decided to use the random forest to estimate the load and PWL. The time domain current measurement is evaluated, and the beforementioned algorithms process the selected statistical measures. It has been proven that a two-step algorithm allows for achieving high accuracy. Based on the current observation, the paper is a good starting point for further investigation of the AGV because it is usually implemented in the AGV - so it does not require additional hardware. Moreover, it can lead to better energy management and increase battery lifetime. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： AGV load estimation machine learning Prediction of energy consumption random forest

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A Perspective Analysis of Optical Biosensors in Machine Learning Applications 18

A Perspective Analysis of Optical Biosensors in Machine Lear...

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18th INDIAcom;11th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development, INDIACom 2024

作者： Kumar, B. Naveen Panduranga Rao, M.V. Sharan, Preeta Varun, K.R. Kallam, Suresh Kumaresan, M. Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bengaluru India The Oxford College of Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bengaluru India The Oxford College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Bengaluru India

ISBN: (纸本)9789380544519

Optical biosensors, a novel invention at the intersection of biotechnology and optics, are revolutionizing the field of biomedical diagnostics. Optical biosensors act by identifying variations in light's wavelength, phase, polarization, or intensity caused by interactions between a sensing element and the target analyte. Optical biosensors outperform other sensor types in sensing applications due to their quick, accurate, and extremely sensitive results. When evaluating optical sensors, total power, core power, efficient area, and indices are the most crucial variables to consider. Recent years have seen notable advancements in machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence (AI). This review investigates the complementary nature of optical biosensors and machine learning methods. Here, the potential utility of ML for optical biosensors is explored in detail. The advantages and drawbacks of the most popular machine learning methods are listed based on an analysis of the optical biosensing data. It highlights the possible effects of machine learning on improving the sensitivity, selectivity, and adaptability of optical biosensing devices, and it summarizes current advancements in the field. Finally, the study considers the challenges and limitations that associated with current optical biosensing techniques. © 2024 Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.

关键词： Machine learning optical biosensor photonic crystal surface plasmon resonance surface-enhanced Raman scattering

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Evaluation and Design Criterion for Pulse-shaped AFDM

Evaluation and Design Criterion for Pulse-shaped AFDM

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2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2024

作者： Yin, Haoran Tang, Yanqun Li, Shuangyang Zhou, Yu Yi, Cong Sun Yat-sen University School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shenzhen China Technical University of Berlin Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351255

Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) is a promising chirp-based waveform designed for communications in high-mobility scenarios. In this paper, the pulse shaping for AFDM over doubly selective channels (DSC) is investigated. We first develop the pulse-shaped AFDM (PS-AFDM) system, where different transmit pulses and receive pulses can be used for each chirp carrier. Based on that, we formulate the impacts of pulse shaping on the input-output relationship of PS-AFDM system with fractional delay and fractional Doppler shifts. In particular, we reveal that there exists inter-pulse interference (IPI) within the pilot region and inter-region interference (IRI) between the pilot region and the data region in the AFDM/PS-AFDM received symbols. To provide an instructive guideline for interference suppression, we elaborate how the adopted transmit and receive pulses determine the IPI and IRI. Furthermore, we demonstrate that applying the pulse-shaping window with low sidelobe levels in PS-AFDM can suppress the IPI and IRI, facilitating the channel estimation and signal detection processes significantly. Simulations verify that the proposed PS-AFDM systems can achieve lower overhead and higher accuracy channel estimation compared to the conventional AFDM systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Channel estimation

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Fault-Tolerant Scheme for Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Exchanging SMs between Arms 8

Fault-Tolerant Scheme for Modular Multilevel Converter Based...

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8th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid, eGRID 2023

作者： Aghabali, Iman Zadeh, Amin Hashemi Iman-Eini, Hossein Miremad, Armin Monfared, Kourosh Khalaj Neyshabouri, Yousef University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran Iran Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel Chair of Power Electronics Faculty of Engineering Kiel Germany Urmia University Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Urmia Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327007

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have become one of the most promising topologies for high-power applications due to their high modularity, low harmonic distortion in the output voltage, and single DC link. While MMCs offer many advantages, a high number of semiconductor switches will increase the risk of faults. Consequently, a resilient fault-Tolerant scheme should be implemented for the converter to avoid any interruption in the fault circumstances to improve the converter operation. This paper proposes a new method for enhancing the resilience of MMCs against fault effects. The proposed technique is based on exchanging multiple submodules (SMs) between two arms to reconstruct the missed levels caused by bypassing the faulty SMs. This strategy can be implemented with simpler hardware and fewer components than the conventional methods. The proposed method is verified in a PSCAD/EMTDC environment. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Fault tolerance

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