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A machine learning approach for skin lesion classification on iOS: implementing and optimizing a convolutional transfer learning model with Create ML

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2024年第8期46卷 666-685页

作者： Benedek Szabo, Aron Katona, Jozsef Department of Software Development and Application Institute of Computer Engineering University of Dunaujvaros Dunaujvaros Hungary Department of Instrumentation and Automation Institute of Electronics and Communication Systems Kandó Kálmán Faculty of Electrical Engineering Obuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Informatics GAMF Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Kecskemét Hungary

The integration of machine learning (ML) into mobile applications presents unique challenges, particularly in resource-constrained environments such as iOS devices. Skin lesion classification is a critical task in dermatology, where accurate and efficient diagnostic tools can significantly aid in early detection of malignant lesions. This study aims to implement a machine learning-based iOS mobile application and develop a binary classification model for skin lesion images to determine whether a lesion is malignant. The research utilized Create ML to develop a convolutional neural network optimized for iOS, employing a transfer learning approach. A logistic regression model was cascaded with the convolutional neural network N to enhance classification accuracy. The model's performance was assessed through various validation metrics, ensuring its robustness and efficiency within the constraints of mobile hardware. A curated dataset from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration archive was used for training and testing. The model achieved an accuracy of 92%, a precision of 90%, a recall of 93%, and an F1-score of 91% in classifying skin lesions. These metrics validate the model's efficacy in identifying malignant lesions. Data curation involved collecting, labeling, and preparing a dataset from publicly available sources, ensuring the inclusion of diagnostically relevant features. The final model was integrated into an iOS application using Core ML and Vision frameworks. The developed application demonstrates reliable performance in classifying skin lesions with high accuracy on iOS devices. The inclusion of comprehensive performance metrics justifies the efficacy of the proposed approach. Future work will explore enhancements in model architecture and object detection capabilities to further improve diagnostic precision and application usability. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Image recognition

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Improved Accuracy of Decision Tree with XGBoost Technique in Cat Skin Disease Diagnosis 4

Improved Accuracy of Decision Tree with XGBoost Technique in...

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4th International Conference of Science and Information Technology in Smart Administration, ICSINTESA 2024

作者： Safrina, Nanda Lydia, Maya Silvi Nasution, Benny Benyamin Universitas Sumatera Utara Master of Informatics Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Medan Indonesia Politeknik Negeri Medan Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics Medan Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376111

This research aims to develop an expert system for initial diagnoses of skin diseases in cats using the Decision Tree method. It assists cat owners in identifying skin diseases based on observed symptoms. Data from expert veterinarian drh. Ismi Azima, including various types of cat skin diseases and their symptoms, were used. The research employs 80% training data and 20% testing data to develop the classification model. Testing results indicate the Decision Tree model achieves up to 90% average accuracy in diagnosing cat skin diseases based on 50 datasets. This expert system aids in diagnosis and provides treatment and prevention solutions, beneficial for cat owners, especially in areas with limited veterinary access. In conclusion, this Decision Tree-based expert system effectively provides initial diagnoses of skin diseases in cats with high accuracy. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Cat Skin Diseases Decision Tree Expert System XGBoost

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Comparison of Classical and Deep Learning-Based Feature Representations for Age-Related Macular Degeneration 5th

Comparison of Classical and Deep Learning-Based Feature Re...

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5th International Conference on Medical Imaging and computer Aided Diagnosis, MICAD 2024

作者： Sinichi, Parsa Bernabeu, Miguel O. Javidi, Malihe Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering Quchan University of Technology Quchan Iran Centre for Medical Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9789819638628

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment among the elderly worldwide. This study compares deep learning-based and classical feature extraction methods for AMD classification using colour fundus images, a cost-effective imaging modality. This comparative approach aims to evaluate the performance of advanced deep learning methods against traditional computer vision approaches in generating effective feature representation. To achieve this, we compared various classical feature extraction methods alongside deep learning-based approaches, specifically VGG16 pre-trained on ImageNet, RETFound and RETFound-Green, which are foundation models pre-trained on a significant number of retinal images. The results demonstrate that combinations of classical features still obtained notable performance and even outperformed the VGG16 model pre-trained on ImageNet. These results also highlight the need for deep learning models to be trained on domain-specific data to surpass classical approaches. In this regard, the pre-trained RETFound and RETFound-Green models yielded promising outcomes for AMD classification, and the highest performance was achieved using a fine-tuned RETFound model. Furthermore, the best proposed method was compared with the state-of-the-art methods. This approach achieved competitive results on the ADAM dataset, demonstrating its robustness and effectiveness in AMD classification while utilising a significantly simpler architecture. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Comparative Analysis of Brain Waves for EEG-Based Depression Detection in the Prefrontal Cortex Lobe using LSTM 7

Comparative Analysis of Brain Waves for EEG-Based Depression...

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7th International Conference on New Media Studies, CONMEDIA 2023

作者： Pratiwi, Monica Universitas Multimedia Nusantara Faculty of Engineering and Informatics Department of Computer Engineering Tangerang Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350307504

Global anxiety and depression have become 25% more prevalent, with teenagers and women being the most affected. Approximately 280 million people suffer from depression. Doctors and psychologists are able to diagnose depressive disorders through counselling sessions and ask relevant questions to the subject, despite being vulnerable to mistakes due to the examiner's lack of experience. Therefore, automated depression detection development is necessary to validate doctor and psychiatrist assessment. Electroencephalography (EEG) is considered to be a popular option for the detection and investigation of various mental disorders. In this study, a comparison and analysis of each existing brain wave is carried out, namely Alpha (8-12Hz), Beta (13-30Hz), Theta (4-8 Hz), Delta (0.5-4 Hz) and Gamma (30-50Hz). From each wave, an accuracy testing is carried out for three groups of features: linear features, nonlinear features, and a combination of linear and nonlinear features. The given results demonstrate that the combination of linear and nonlinear data consistently yields the highest accuracy outcomes across all waves. Also, the combination of theta waves and linear nonlinear features contributed the highest accuracy (84%) using LSTM as the classifier. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Knowledge augmented significant language model-based chatbot for explainable diabetes mellitus prediction 19

Knowledge augmented significant language model-based chatbot...

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19th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication, IMCOM 2025

作者： Elfayoumi, Mazen AbouElazm, Mohamed Mohamed, Omar Abuhmed, Tamer El-Sappagh, Shaker Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Galala University Egypt Faculty of Computer Science Goldsmith UOL United Kingdom College of Computing and Informatics Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507817

This study proposes an innovative diabetes prediction chatbot that utilizes large language models (LLMs) to determine the likelihood of diabetes based on specific patient inputs. Unlike conventional machine learning models and in addition to providing precise, individualized, robust prediction of diabetes augmented by the percentage of its confidence, this chatbot provides detailed text-based explanations for its individual predictions and enhances user’s understanding by retrieving and presenting similar cases using case-based reasoning techniques. Utilizing key health indicators such as hypertension status, heart disease presence, smoking history, BMI, HbA1c level, and blood glucose levels, the chatbot not only predicts the presence of diabetes but also educates users about the underlying reasons for each prediction. The system's explanation module promotes transparency and trust in the predictive process. The proposed architecture integrates the retrieval augmented generation (RAG) technique with prompt engineering across multiple LLMs, including Llama 3.1, GPT-3.5, and Gemma2. This approach augments the chatbot’s responses with contextually relevant data from similar past cases, thereby enhancing both relevance and accuracy. Furthermore, RAG minimizes LLM hallucinations while enhancing them with up-to-date, precise, personalized medical information. The objective of this chatbot is to offer healthcare professionals and patients a dependable, educational instrument for early detection of diabetes supported by transparent AI principles. This will have a positive effect on preventative healthcare measures. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Prediction models

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Implementation of Multi Attribute Utility Theory Method for Government Assistance Recipient Recommendation System in Dadapayu Village, Semanu District, Gunung Kidul Regency 15

Implementation of Multi Attribute Utility Theory Method for ...

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15th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, ACT 2024

作者： Yumarlin, M.Z. Rahayu, Sri Bororing, Jemmy Edwin Kurniawan, Safar Dwi Fitriastuti, Fatsyahrina Rozak, Muhamad Department of Informatics Faculty of Engineering Universitas Janabadra Indonesia Diploma Program in Computer Engineering Politeknik Harapan Bersama Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331300579

The Indonesian government is furnishing help in the form of" Bantuan Langsung Tunai(BLT)" or the Direct Cash backing program in order to make up for the recent increase in the price of energy oil painting(BBM), which has easily had an impact on the lives of the destitute and the general public. The BLT program is enforced throughcross-sectoral collaboration, where institutions unite grounded on their separate functions and duties. Aid distribution opinions are grounded on multiple applicable rudiments and aren't primarily determined by one criterion when the MAUT fashion is applied. A system's recommended feasibility score of 78 is attained from the evaluation findings of system testing, which were carried out using a questionnaire exercising the System Usability Scale(SUS) approach. With a score in the "Acceptable" range, the system is supposed good since it's adequately satisfactory.. © Grenze Scientific Society, 2024.

关键词： Electric grounding

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End-to-end optimized ensemble model for Alzheimer’s disease detection 19

End-to-end optimized ensemble model for Alzheimer’s disease...

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19th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication, IMCOM 2025

作者： Hassan, Abdelrahman Abuhmed, Tamer El-Sappagh, Shaker Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Galala University Egypt College of Computing and Informatics Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507817

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an increasing prevalence among the elderly, making early and accurate diagnosis critical for effective intervention and management. This paper introduces an end-to-end machine learning pipeline optimized for detecting AD using multimodal data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The study proposes an ensemble model that integrates key modalities—demographics, cognitive scores, neuropsychological assessments, and MRI data—via early fusion to enhance AD detection. Various machine learning models, including Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine, and Neural Networks, are compared, and feature selection is optimized through Recursive Feature Elimination, ANOVA F-value, and mutual information methods, with mutual information showing the most efficacy. With further hyperparameter tuning, the highest accuracy is achieved at 95.85%, with Gradient Boosting as the top-performing model. Additional experiments assess and evaluate individual modality contributions, underscoring the predictive value of cognitive scores and neuropsychological features. To enhance clinical interpretability, we incorporate model explainability using LIME and SHAP, which identify key features influencing model predictions across different AD stages. Explainable AI (XAI) is essential in healthcare for providing transparency and supporting clinician confidence by highlighting which biomarkers, such as MMSE, CDRSB, and PTAU, contribute most to diagnostic outcomes. This study demonstrates classical machine learning's potential in AD diagnostics, offering a pathway to cost-effective and clinically viable models for neurodegenerative disease management. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Leveraging Large Language Models for Smart Pharmacy Systems: Enhancing Drug Safety and Operational Efficiency 19

Leveraging Large Language Models for Smart Pharmacy Systems:...

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19th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication, IMCOM 2025

作者： Osheba, Abdelrahman Abou-El-Ela, Ahmed Adel, Osama Maaod, Youssef Abuhmed, Tamer El-Sappagh, Shaker Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Galala University Egypt College of Computing and Informatics Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507817

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain a crucial challenge in healthcare systems, highly contributing to patient mortality. We present an innovative smart pharmacy system that utilizes advanced large language models (LLMs) to enhance drug safety and pharmacy operational efficiency. Our system integrates real-time data from patient's prescriptions, medication databases, and electronic health records (EHR) to automate the detection of potential drug interactions, optimizing clinical decision-making and reducing ADR-related risks. The system's architecture is designed to easily manage prescription processing for patients, inventory management and control, and Pharmacist consultations through an intelligent chatbot interface. Key features include real-time tracking of medication expiration and inventory levels, an interaction checker API for identifying and mitigating risky drug combinations, and an LLM-powered chatbot for accurate data analysis and visualization. By combining advanced computational techniques with AI-driven insights, our smart pharmacy system not only improves medication safety but also eases pharmacy operations. This transformative approach holds the potential to significantly reduce ADR-related hospital admissions and enhance overall healthcare delivery. Our research underscores the vital role of AI and LLMs in modern pharmacy practice, offering an inclusive solution that integrates easily into existing healthcare infrastructures. The proposed smart pharmacy system can be plugged into hospital EHR systems to automatically track patient medications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Electronic health record

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Fine-Tuned Attribute Weighted Naïve Bayes with Modified Partial Instances Reduction for Gaming Disorder Classification

HighTech and Innovation Journal

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HighTech and Innovation Journal 2025年第1期6卷 67-80页

作者： Latubessy, Anastasya Wardoyo, Retantyo Musdholifah, Aina Kusrohmaniah, Sri Doctoral Program Department of Computer Science and Electronics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia Department of Informatics Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muria Kudus Indonesia Department of Computer Science and Electronics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia Department of Psychology Faculty of Psychology Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia

Fine Tuning Attribute Weighted Naïve Bayes (FTAWNB) is a reliable modified Naïve Bayes model. Even though it is able to provide high accuracy on ordinal data, this model is sensitive to outliers. To improve the performance of FTAWNB, this research modified the Partial Instances Reduction (PIR) technique to make the FTAWNB more adaptive to outliers. Nevertheless, in contrast to the original PIR technique, which substitutes missing values for data values deemed outliers, the PIR technique suggested in this study replaces data values deemed outliers using a Naïve Bayes weighting approach. The attribute values from the outlier data are replaced with the highest probability values for the attributes in the actual class. This PIR technique is referred to as modified PIR. The FTAWNB model with modified PIR has been evaluated using the Gaming Disorder dataset. Replacing the four attributes with the least amount of information resulted in accuracy gains of 99.74%, an increase of 1.53% over the FTAWNB model. The experimental result shows that adding the modified PIR technique to the FTAWNB model can handle the outlier in the data, proving it by increasing the performance in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall without pruning the dataset used. © 2025, Ital Publication. All rights reserved.

关键词： Attribute Weighted Classification Fine-Tune Gaming Disorder Instances Reduction Naïve Bayes

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Classification of Arrhythmias 12-Lead ECG Signals Based on 1 Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks

Classification of Arrhythmias 12-Lead ECG Signals Based on 1...

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2024 International Conference on Smart Computing, IoT and Machine Learning, SIML 2024

作者： Kurniawan, Arief Triwibowo, Bayu Aditya Fandiantoro, Dion Hayu Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology Department of Computer Engineering Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364101

Heart disease is the highest cause of death in the world. Arrhythmia is an abnormality in the rhythm of the heartbeat. The heart beats too fast, too slow, or irregularly. Arrhythmias are not always dangerous, e.g., someone who does excessive activity has a faster heart rate. Then, a diagnosis is needed to classify arrhythmias. One method used is ECG (Electrocardiogram) signal analysis. The ECG signal consists of P, QRS Complex, and T waves. The morphology of the QRS is used for arrhythmia classification. Currently, cardiologists analyze ECG signals by observing directly. This method is depending on the level of expertise of the cardiologist. Previous research classified arrhythmias based on the QRS morphology from a single ECG lead. As 12-lead ECG devices have now become standard in ECG examinations because abnormalities can be observed from multiple angles. This study proposes the classification of arrhythmias in 12-lead ECG signals based on the morphology of QRS complex waves using a deep learning 1-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network. The output of deep learning is the classification of arrhythmias into four classes, namely: Normal, Right Bundle Branch Block, Premature Ventricular Contraction, and Atrial Premature Beat. The outcome of the proposed system is that each QRS segment is used as input for deep learning, which can improve classification performance compared to the classification carried out by each lead. The experimental results show the method can be done well, with an average Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity, and F1-Score were 98.8%, 99.2%, 99.2%, and 99.2%, respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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