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A Systematic Literature Review on the Security Attacks and Countermeasures Used in Graphical Passwords

IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 53408-53423页

作者： Por, Lip Yee Ng, Ian Ouii Chen, Yen-Lin Yang, Jing Ku, Chin Soon Universiti Malaya Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Department of Computer System and Technology Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106344 Taiwan Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Department of Computer Science Kampar31900 Malaysia

This systematic literature review delves into the dynamic realm of graphical passwords, focusing on the myriad security attacks they face and the diverse countermeasures devised to mitigate these threats. The core objective of this paper is to identify existing security threats to graphical password schemes and the corresponding countermeasures developed to mitigate these attacks. The study process begins by identifying the usable databases and search engines to identify all the relevant resources. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were carefully selected to prioritize the study, focusing mostly on attacks and countermeasures related to graphical password schemes between 2009 and 2023. After thorough identification and selection progress, 59 studies met all the criteria. Among these studies, 47 mentioned shoulder surfing as a threat to graphical password schemes, while 20 discussed brute force attacks. Additionally, there were 21 papers on dictionary attacks, 13 on smudge attacks, spyware attacks, and social engineering, and 19 that discussed guessing attacks as threats to graphical password schemes. Furthermore, the papers identified several other attacks, including frequency of occurrence analysis attacks, video recording, eavesdropping, computer vision, sonar, and image gallery attacks, with the corresponding numbers of papers being 9, 17, 5, 2, 2, and 1, respectively. The results also highlight the countermeasures proposed in the study papers to mitigate the aforementioned attacks. Among the various countermeasures identified, most revolve around randomization, obfuscation, and password space complexity as the most commonly used techniques for enhancing the security of graphical password schemes. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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Malicious Node Detection Model with Enhanced QoS Mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Network for Secure Data Transmission 5

Malicious Node Detection Model with Enhanced QoS Mechanisms ...

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5th International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication, ICOSEC 2024

作者： Aruna, O. Midhunchakkaravarthy Lincoln University College Computer Science and Engineering Malaysia Lincoln University College Faculty of Computer Science and Multimedia Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504403

Random deployment and wide surveillance of a geographical area can be carried out in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). A wireless sensor network is called a network with several sensor nodes that operate in wireless mode. The nodes are inherently self-configuring because of the security issues these networks face. The sorts of malicious nodes in the network lead to passive or active attacks on these networks. The total life of the network is decreased and energy consumption is more when the route selected for communication is unreliable or if the network experiences attacks. By examining the routes between nodes in the WSN environment, secure data transfer among network nodes is increased effectively. WSN network sensors monitor the surrounding information and communicate it to the central unit or sensor. In the WSN environment, all sensors are otherwise termed a node and each node has its data transmission range. Attacks on WSNs are common because of the large number of nodes and extensive network coverage. A decrease in system performance is inevitable as a result of network attacks. The WSN attackers attack a particular low-energy node that turns this node into an aggressive node. Malicious node creation is the prime reason for node-link failures. The proposed research work designs an efficient model for route selection and to identify malicious attacks in the network to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) in the network. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Automatic Transportation Mode Classification Using a Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach With Smartphone Sensors

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 514-533页

作者： Taherinavid, Siavash Moravvej, Seyed Vahid Chen, Yen-Lin Yang, Jing Ku, Chin Soon Yee, Por Lip Iran University of Science and Technology School of Civil Engineering Tehran13114-16846 Iran Isfahan University of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan84156-83111 Iran National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106344 Taiwan Universiti Malaya Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Department of Computer System and Technology Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Department of Computer Science Kampar31900 Malaysia

The increasing dependence on smartphones with advanced sensors has highlighted the imperative of precise transportation mode classification, pivotal for domains like health monitoring and urban planning. This research is motivated by the pressing demand to enhance transportation mode classification, leveraging the potential of smartphone sensors, notably the accelerometer, magnetometer, and gyroscope. In response to this challenge, we present a novel automated classification model rooted in deep reinforcement learning. Our model stands out for its innovative approach of harnessing enhanced features through artificial neural networks (ANNs) and visualizing the classification task as a structured series of decision-making events. Our model adopts an improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm for initializing weights, coupled with a specialized agent-environment relationship. Every correct classification earns the agent a reward, with additional emphasis on the accurate categorization of less frequent modes through a distinct reward strategy. The Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) technique is used for action selection, promoting deep-seated knowledge, and minimizing reliance on chance. A notable innovation in our work is the introduction of a cluster-centric mutation operation within the DE algorithm. This operation strategically identifies optimal clusters in the current DE population and forges potential solutions using a pioneering update mechanism. When assessed on the extensive HTC dataset, which includes 8311 hours of data gathered from 224 participants over two years. Noteworthy results spotlight an accuracy of 0.88±0.03 and an F-measure of 0.87±0.02, underscoring the efficacy of our approach for large-scale transportation mode classification tasks. This work introduces an innovative strategy in the realm of transportation mode classification, emphasizing both precision and reliability, addressing the pressing need for enhanced classification mechanisms in an eve

关键词： Smartphones

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Visually meaningful image encryption algorithm based on digital signature

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第1期9卷 159-165页

作者： Xiaoling Huang Youxia Dong Guodong Ye Wun-She Yap Bok-Min Goi Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang524088China Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanJalan Sungai LongCheras43000SelangorMalaysia

Traditional image encryption algorithms transform a plain image into a noise-like *** lower the chances for the encrypted image being detected by the attacker during the image transmission,a visually meaningful image encryption scheme is suggested to hide the encrypted image using another carrier *** paper proposes a visually meaningful encrypted image algorithm that hides a secret image and a digital signature which provides authenticity and *** recovered digital signature is used for the purpose of identity authentication while the secret image is encrypted to protect its *** Significant Bit(LSB)method to embed signature on the encrypted image and Lifting Wavelet Transform(LWT)to generate a visually meaningful encrypted image are *** proposed algorithm has a keyspace of 139.5-bit,a Normalized Correlation(NC)value of 0.9998 which is closer to 1 and a Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR)with a value greater than 50 *** analyses are also performed on the proposed algorithm using different *** experimental results show that the proposed scheme is with high key sensitivity and strong robustness against pepper and salt attack and cropping ***,the histogram analysis shows that the original carrier image and the final visual image are very similar.

关键词： Visually meaningful image encryption Lifting wavelet transform Lorenz system Signature Security

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Advancing Bankruptcy Forecasting With Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques: Insights From an Unbalanced Polish Dataset

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 9369-9381页

作者： Ainan, Ummey Hany Por, Lip Yee Chen, Yen-Lin Yang, Jing Ku, Chin Soon Universiti Malaya Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Department of Computer System and Technology Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106344 Taiwan Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Department of Computer Science Kampar31900 Malaysia

The challenge of bankruptcy prediction, critical for averting financial sector losses, is amplified by the prevalence of imbalanced datasets, which often skew prediction models. Addressing this, our study introduces the innovative hybrid model XGBoost+ANN, designed to leverage the strengths of both ensemble learning and artificial neural networks. This model integrates a comprehensive set of features with parameters optimized through genetic algorithms, eschewing traditional feature selection approaches. Our research focuses on an unbalanced dataset of Polish companies and reveals that the XGBoost+ANN model, in particular, exhibits outstanding performance. Optimized using genetic algorithms and without feature selection, this model achieved the highest AUC (0.958), sensitivity (0.752), and accuracy (0.983) scores, surpassing other models in our study. This remarkable outperformance, along with the robust results, marks a substantial advancement in the field of bankruptcy prediction. It underscores the efficacy of our approach in addressing the persistent challenge of data imbalance, offering a more reliable and accurate solution for financial risk assessment. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Bald Eagle Search Algorithm with Hierarchical Deep Learning for Internet of Things Assisted Sleep Quality Recognition

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SN computer science 2024年第5期5卷 564页

作者： Duhayyim, Mesfer Al Sharif, Mahir Mohammed Munjal, Muskaan Hilal, Anwer A. Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 16273 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Omdurman Islamic University Omdurman Sudan Computer Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India Department of Information System Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Omdurman Islamic University Omdurman Sudan

Sleep quality prediction in Internet of Things (IoT) involves leveraging a system of interrelated devices to gather as well as analyse related data. Smart devices like wearable devices or smart mattresses endlessly monitor many parameters such as body movement, heart rate, and environmental situations in bedroom. Real-time recommendations and feedback transported to consumers, allowing them to create informed lifestyle changes for superior sleep hygiene. As IoT ecosystem continues to develop, a combination of various data streams as well as classy analytics holds assurance for further refining sleep quality forecasts and improving overall well-being. The article designs a Bald Eagle Search Algorithm with Hierarchical Deep Learning for Internet of Things Assisted Sleep Quality Recognition (BESHDL-SQP) technique. The purpose of the BESHDL-SQP technique is to recognize and classify the quality of the sleep level in the IoT environment. In the presented BESHDL-SQP technique, the preliminary stage of data pre-processing using min–max normalization involved to normalize the input data. For predicting sleep quality, hierarchical long short-term memory (LSTM) technique exploited. Lastly, BES model utilized for optimal hyperparameter selection of LSTM method which helps in attaining enhanced results. To validate better performance of BESHDL-SQP technique, a huge range of simulation analysis is carried out. The extensive results stated that the BESHDL-SQP technique exhibits supreme performance over other models. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Bald eagle search Internet of things LSTM Sleep quality recognition Smart devices

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Knowledge augmented significant language model-based chatbot for explainable diabetes mellitus prediction 19

Knowledge augmented significant language model-based chatbot...

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19th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication, IMCOM 2025

作者： Elfayoumi, Mazen AbouElazm, Mohamed Mohamed, Omar Abuhmed, Tamer El-Sappagh, Shaker Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Galala University Egypt Faculty of Computer Science Goldsmith UOL United Kingdom College of Computing and Informatics Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507817

This study proposes an innovative diabetes prediction chatbot that utilizes large language models (LLMs) to determine the likelihood of diabetes based on specific patient inputs. Unlike conventional machine learning models and in addition to providing precise, individualized, robust prediction of diabetes augmented by the percentage of its confidence, this chatbot provides detailed text-based explanations for its individual predictions and enhances user’s understanding by retrieving and presenting similar cases using case-based reasoning techniques. Utilizing key health indicators such as hypertension status, heart disease presence, smoking history, BMI, HbA1c level, and blood glucose levels, the chatbot not only predicts the presence of diabetes but also educates users about the underlying reasons for each prediction. The system's explanation module promotes transparency and trust in the predictive process. The proposed architecture integrates the retrieval augmented generation (RAG) technique with prompt engineering across multiple LLMs, including Llama 3.1, GPT-3.5, and Gemma2. This approach augments the chatbot’s responses with contextually relevant data from similar past cases, thereby enhancing both relevance and accuracy. Furthermore, RAG minimizes LLM hallucinations while enhancing them with up-to-date, precise, personalized medical information. The objective of this chatbot is to offer healthcare professionals and patients a dependable, educational instrument for early detection of diabetes supported by transparent AI principles. This will have a positive effect on preventative healthcare measures. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Prediction models

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Approximate Message Passing for Spatial Modulation with Structured Sparsity 14

Approximate Message Passing for Spatial Modulation with Stru...

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14th International ITG Conference on Systems, Communications and Coding, SCC 2025

作者： Franz, Daniel Kuhn, Volker University of Rostock Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522896

Multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver have significantly improved the performance of wireless communications systems. Traditionally, space-time coding, beamforming, or spatial multiplexing are applied to achieve diversity, SNR, and multiplexing gains, respectively. A different concept is pursued with Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM). It conveys information through the selection of active antennas from a set of available antennas in addition to the transmission of conventional modulation symbols. This results in sparse transmit vectors, and detection algorithms known from compressed sensing can be applied. In this paper, Vector Approximate Message Passing (VAMP) is considered for the detection of GSM signals in massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. Its performance is improved by introducing structured redundancy in space or in time. In order to exploit this redundancy, the VAMP algorithm has to be extended by an additional graph layer. The resulting performance is evaluated by analyzing the error rates and the throughput obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Space time codes

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Leveraging EfficientNetB3 in a Deep Learning Framework for High-Accuracy MRI Tumor Classification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 867-883页

作者： Mahesh Thyluru Ramakrishna Kuppusamy Pothanaicker Padma Selvaraj Surbhi Bhatia Khan Vinoth Kumar Venkatesan Saeed Alzahrani Mohammad Alojail Department of Computer Science&Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyJAIN(Deemed-to-be University)Bengaluru562112India School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT-AP UniversityAmaravati522241India Department of Computer Science&Technology Madanapalle Institute of Technology&ScienceMadanapalle517325India School of Science Engineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordManchesterM54WTUK School of Computer Science Engineering&Information Systems(SCORE) Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)Vellore632014India Management Information System Department College of Business AdministrationKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11531Saudi Arabia Adjunct Research Faculty Centre for Research Impact&OutcomeChitkara UniversityRajpuraPunjab140401India

Brain tumor is a global issue due to which several people suffer,and its early diagnosis can help in the treatment in a more efficient *** different types of brain tumors,including gliomas,meningiomas,pituitary tumors,as well as confirming the absence of tumors,poses a significant challenge using MRI *** approaches predominantly rely on traditional machine learning and basic deep learning methods for image *** methods often rely on manual feature extraction and basic convolutional neural networks(CNNs).The limitations include inadequate accuracy,poor generalization of new data,and limited ability to manage the high variability in MRI *** the EfficientNetB3 architecture,this study presents a groundbreaking approach in the computational engineering domain,enhancing MRI-based brain tumor *** approach highlights a major advancement in employing sophisticated machine learning techniques within computer science and engineering,showcasing a highly accurate framework with significant potential for healthcare *** model achieves an outstanding 99%accuracy,exhibiting balanced precision,recall,and F1-scores across all tumor types,as detailed in the classification *** successful implementation demonstrates the model’s potential as an essential tool for diagnosing and classifying brain tumors,marking a notable improvement over current *** integration of such advanced computational techniques in medical diagnostics can significantly enhance accuracy and efficiency,paving the way for wider *** research highlights the revolutionary impact of deep learning technologies in improving diagnostic processes and patient outcomes in neuro-oncology.

关键词： Deep learning MRI brain tumor cassification EfficientNetB3 computational engineering healthcare technology artificial intelligence in medical imaging tumor segmentation neuro-oncology

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A Resource-Efficient Multi-core Multi-thread RISC-V-based System-on-Chip 21

A Resource-Efficient Multi-core Multi-thread RISC-V-based Sy...

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21st International System-on-Chip Design Conference, ISOCC 2024

作者： Kieu-Do-Nguyen, Binh Nguyen, Khai-Duy Binh, Nguyen The Dang, Tuan-Kiet Le, Duc-Hung Pham-Quoc, Cuong Tran, Ngoc-Thinh Pham, Cong-Kha Hoang, Trong-Thuc Department of Computer and Network Engineering Tokyo Japan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Hochiminh Viet Nam Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications Hochiminh Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377088

In the past, a small size microcontroller was needed to control and gather data from resource-constrained electronic devices aimed at Internet of Things (IoT) applications. While the server nodes receive the requests with a high demand for calculation. However, to minimize network traffic transactions and the overall workload that the server node must handle, a portion of these operations must now be completed locally. Additionally, multiple tasks must be processed simultaneously by IoT devices. In this study, we suggested a multi-core, multi-thread enable System-on-Chip (SoC) that consume small resources. The suggested architecture achieves a notable speed increase over single-core design by utilizing the advantages of RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： System-on-chip

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