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Fabrication of arrays of the three-dimensional microstructures on a substrate using the combined etching processes

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IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 2018年第6期138卷 263-267页

作者： Murakami, Sunao Yamamoto, Shusuke Araki, Kazuhiro Ito, Takahiro Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu Iizuka Fukuoka820-8502 Japan

Anisotropic etching is a useful processing method for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures on single crystal silicon (SCS) substrates. In this paper, we have fabricated the arrays of 3D convex microstructures using the combined etching process which includes two types of anisotropic etching process. The arrays of the micropillar structures with vertical sidewalls were firstly fabricated on the substrate surface using deep reactive ion etching (D-RIE) of SCS. Furthermore, anisotropic wet etching of the micropillars was performed in the etching solution and the shape of the additionally-etched 3D microstructures was investigated. We have also suggested the potential of the combined etching process to decrease the fabrication time of the arrays of micro pyramid which are usually fabricated using only the anisotropic wet etching of SCS. © 2018 The institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Wet etching

Scalable communication for high-order stencil computations using CUDA-aware MPI

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Pekkilä, Johannes Väisälä, Miikka S. Käpylä, Maarit J. Rheinhardt, Matthias Lappi, Oskar Department of Computer Science Aalto University Konemiehentie 2 Espoo02150 Finland Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3 GöttingenD-37077 Germany Nordita KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University Roslagstullsbacken 23 StockholmSE-10691 Sweden Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Tuomiokirkontori 3 Turku20500 Finland

Modern compute nodes in high-performance computing provide a tremendous level of parallelism and processing power. However, as arithmetic performance has been observed to increase at a faster rate relative to memory and network bandwidths, optimizing data movement has become critical for achieving strong scaling in many communication-heavy applications. This performance gap has been further accentuated with the introduction of graphics processing units, which can provide by multiple factors higher throughput in data-parallel tasks than central processing units. In this work, we explore the computational aspects of iterative stencil loops and implement a generic communication scheme using CUDA-aware MPI, which we use to accelerate magnetohydrodynamics simulations based on high-order finite differences and third-order Runge-Kutta integration. We put particular focus on improving intra-node locality of workloads. Our GPU implementation scales strongly from one to 64 devices at 50%-87% of the expected efficiency based on a theoretical performancemodel. Compared with a multi-core CPU solver, our implementation exhibits 20-60× speedup and 9-12× improved energy efficiency in compute-bound benchmarks on 16 nodes. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Program processors

Numerical Study and Optimization of Post-Wall Waveguides and Filters for Millimeter Waves

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Numerical Study and Optimization of Post-Wall Waveguides and...

German Microwave Conference

作者： Arkadi Akopian Guga Burduli Vakhtang Jandieri Hiroshi Maeda Wonbin Hong Kiyotoshi Yasumoto Daniel Erni Free University of Tbilisi School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences 240 Agmashenebeli ave. Tbilisi Georgia General and Theoretical Electrical Engineering (ATE) Faculty of Engineering University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg Germany Fukuoka Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Republic of Korea Kyushu University Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Fukuoka Japan

ISBN: (数字)9783982039718

ISBN: (纸本)9781728142067

Functional post-wall waveguides and waveguide based compact passive circuits - namely bandpass filters - that are formed by introducing additional metallic or dielectric posts inside the post-wall waveguide are analyzed. The propagation constant of a post-wall waveguide is experimentally measured and compared with the results obtained using the originally developed numerical method. A good agreement is observed in the whole frequency range. The S-parameters of the waveguide-based bandpass filters are calculated using the image theory combined with the lattice sums technique. The developed formulation is numerically fast, hence it can be considered as one of the best-suited approach for structural topological optimization. Finally, a breeder genetic algorithm is used as a global search heuristic in order to track down the optimal geometrical parameters for the introduced posts yielding a bandpass filter characteristic in the desired frequency bands.

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Efficient Algorithms for E-Healthcare to Solve Multiobject Fuse Detection Problem

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Journal of Healthcare engineering 2021年 2021卷

作者： Ahmad, Ijaz Ullah, Inam Khan, Wali Ullah Ur Rehman, Ateeq Adrees, Mohmmed S. Saleem, Muhammad Qaiser Cheikhrouhou, Omar Hamam, Habib Shafiq, Muhammad School of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Shenzhen Institute of Advance Technology Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen China Changzhou Campus Changzhou213022 China School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266071 China Department of Electrical Engineering Government College University Lahore54000 Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Technology Al Baha University Al Baha Saudi Arabia College of CIT Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif21944 Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering Université de Moncton MonctonNBE1A3E9 Canada Sfax Tunisia Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan38541 Korea Republic of

Object detection plays a vital role in the fields of computer vision, machine learning, and artificial intelligence applications (such as FUSE-AI (E-healthcare MRI scan), face detection, people counting, and vehicle detection) to identify good and defective food products. In the field of artificial intelligence, target detection has been at its peak, but when it comes to detecting multiple targets in a single image or video file, there are indeed challenges. This article focuses on the improved K-nearest neighbor (MK-NN) algorithm for electronic medical care to realize intelligent medical services and applications. We introduced modifications to improve the efficiency of MK-NN, and a comparative analysis was performed to determine the best fuse target detection algorithm based on robustness, accuracy, and computational time. The comparative analysis is performed using four algorithms, namely, MK-NN, traditional K-NN, convolutional neural network, and backpropagation. Experimental results show that the improved K-NN algorithm is the best model in terms of robustness, accuracy, and computational time. © 2021 Ijaz Ahmad et al.

关键词： Object detection

Study of the transmittance properties for the stacked metallic sub-wavelength slit arrays

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Study of the transmittance properties for the stacked metall...

International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： M. Nakajima H. Kitahara S. Watanabe K. Sakaguchi K. Akiyama Y. Tokuda Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan Faculty of Computer Science and System Engineering Okayama Prefectural University Soja Okayama Japan Advanced Technology R&D Center Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Amagasaki Hyogo Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781728166209

ISBN: (纸本)9781728166216

The transmittance properties for the stacked metallic sub-wavelength slit arrays were experimentally and numerically investigated. The calculated spectra based on the FDTD method well reproduced the experimental spectra. The details of the airgap space dependence were measured, and the characteristic behavior of multiple optical modes are observed.

关键词： Optical variables measurement Finite difference methods

The Ni isotopic composition of Ryugu reveals a common accretion region for carbonaceous chondrites

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Spitzer, Fridolin Kleine, Thorsten Burkhardt, Christoph Hopp, Timo Yokoyama, Tetsuya Abe, Yoshinari Aléon, Jérôme OD. Alexander, Conel M. Amari, Sachiko Amelin, Yuri Bajo, Ken-Ichi Bizzarro, Martin Bouvier, Audrey Carlson, Richard W. Chaussidon, Marc Choi, Byeon-Gak Dauphas, Nicolas Davis, Andrew M. Rocco, Tommaso Di Fujiya, Wataru Fukai, Ryota Gautam, Ikshu Haba, Makiko K. Hibiya, Yuki Hidaka, Hiroshi Homma, Hisashi Hoppe, Peter Huss, Gary R. Ichida, Kiyohiro Iizuka, Tsuyoshi Ireland, Trevor R. Ishikawa, Akira Itoh, Shoichi Kawasaki, Noriyuki Kita, Noriko T. Kitajima, Kouki Komatani, Shintaro Krot, Alexander N. Liu, Ming-Chang Masuda, Yuki Morita, Mayu Moynier, Fréderic Motomura, Kazuko Nakai, Izumi Nagashima, Kazuhide Nguyen, Ann Nittler, Larry Onose, Morihiko Pack, Andreas Park, Changkun Piani, Laurette Qin, Liping Russell, Sara S. Sakamoto, Naoya Schönbächler, Maria Tafla, Lauren Tang, Haolan Terada, Kentaro Terada, Yasuko Usui, Tomohiro Wada, Sohei Wadhwa, Meenakshi Walker, Richard J. Yamashita, Katsuyuki Yin, Qing-Zhu Yoneda, Shigekazu Young, Edward D. Yui, Hiroharu Zhang, Ai-Cheng Nakamura, Tomoki Naraoka, Hiroshi Noguchi, Takaaki Okazaki, Ryuji Sakamoto, Kanako Yabuta, Hikaru Abe, Masanao Miyazaki, Akiko Nakato, Aiko Nishimura, Masahiro Okada, Tatsuaki Yada, Toru Yogata, Kasumi Nakazawa, Satoru Saiki, Takanao Tanaka, Satoshi Terui, Fuyuto Tsuda, Yuichi Watanabe, Sei-Ichiro Yoshikawa, Makoto Tachibana, Shogo Yurimoto, Hisayoshi Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3 Göttingen37077 Germany Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo152-8551 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Denki University Tokyo120-8551 Japan Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie Sorbonne Université Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS UMR 7590 IRD Paris75005 France Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science WashingtonDC20015 United States McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Physics Department Washington University 35 St. LouisMO63130 United States Geochemical Research Center The University of Tokyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences GD Guangzhou510640 China Departement of Natural History Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo001-0021 Japan Centre for Star and Planet Formation Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen1350 Denmark Bayerisches Geoinstitut Universität Bayreuth Bayreuth95447 Germany Université Paris Cité Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris CNRS Paris75005 France Department of Earth Science Education Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of the Geophysical Sciences Enrico Fermi Institute The University of Chicago 5734 South Ellis Avenue Chicago60637 United States Faculty of Geosciences and Geography University of Göttingen GöttingenD-37077 Germany Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Mito310-8512 Japan ISAS/JSEC JAXA Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo Tokyo153-8904 Japan Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Kanagawa237-0061 Japan Departement of Earth and Planetary Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya464-8601 Japan Osaka Application Laboratory SBUWDX Rigaku Corporation Osaka569-1

The isotopic compositions of samples returned from Cb-type asteroid Ryugu and Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites are distinct from other carbonaceous chondrites, which has led to the suggestion that Ryugu/CI chondrites formed in a different region of the accretion disk, possibly around the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. We show that, like for Fe, Ryugu and CI chondrites also have indistinguishable Ni isotope anomalies, which differ from those of other carbonaceous chondrites. We propose that this unique Fe and Ni isotopic composition reflects different accretion efficiencies of small FeNi metal grains among the carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies. The CI chondrites incorporated these grains more efficiently, possibly because they formed at the end of the disk’s lifetime, when planetesimal formation was also triggered by photoevaporation of the disk. Isotopic variations among carbonaceous chondrites may thus reflect fractionation of distinct dust components from a common reservoir, implying CI chondrites/Ryugu may have formed in the same region of the accretion disk as other carbonaceous chondrites. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Nickel

Spaces of innovation and venture formation: the case of biotech in the United Kingdom

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Marzolla, Francesco Nowak, Przemyslaw Sahasrabuddhe, Rohit Singh, Chakresh Straccamore, Matteo Zhivkoplias, Erik Arcaute, Elsa SONY Computer Science Laboratories Rome Via Panisperna 89A Rome00184 Italy Sapienza Univ. of Rome Physics Dept. Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 Rome00185 Italy Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Physics ul. Koszykowa 75 Warsaw00-662 Poland Mathematical Institute University of Oxford United Kingdom Université Paris Cité Inserm System Engineering and Evolution Dynamics ParisF-75004 France Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi Via Panisperna 89/A Rome00184 Italy Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm106 91 Sweden Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis University College London United Kingdom

Patents serve as valuable indicators of innovation and provide insights into the spaces of innovation and venture formation within geographic regions. In this study, we utilise patent data to examine the dynamics of innovation and venture formation in the biotech sector across the United Kingdom (UK). By analysing patents, we identify key regions that drive biotech innovation in the UK. Our findings highlight the crucial role of biotech incubators in facilitating knowledge exchange between scientific research and industry. However, we observe that the incubators themselves do not significantly contribute to the diversity of innovations which might be due to the underlying effect of geographic proximity on the influences and impact of the patents. These insights contribute to our understanding of the historical development and future prospects of the biotech sector in the UK, emphasising the importance of promoting innovation diversity and fostering inclusive enterprise for achieving equitable economic growth. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Digital storage

Uncertainty-aware semi-supervised method using large unlabelled and limited labeled COVID-19 data

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Alizadehsani, Roohallah Sharifrazi, Danial Izadi, Navid Hoseini Joloudari, Javad Hassannataj Shoeibi, Afshin Gorriz, Juan M. Hussain, Sadiq Arco, Juan E. Sani, Zahra Alizadeh Khozeimeh, Fahime Khosravi, Abbas Nahavandi, Saeid Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Acharya, U. Rajendra Deakin University Geelong Australia Department of Computer Engineering School of Technical and Engineering Shiraz Branch Islamic Azad University Shiraz Iran Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Birjand Birjand Iran Computer Engineering Department Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Biomedical Data Acquisition Lab K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Signal Theory Networking and Communications Universidad de Granada Spain System Administrator Dibrugarh University Assam786004 India Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Omid Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Deakin University Melbourne Australia Cardiovascular Division The George Institute for Global Health Australia Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Australia Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Ngee Ann Polytechnic Singapore Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Science and Technology Singapore University of Social Sciences Singapore Singapore Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering Asia University Taiwan

The new coronavirus has caused more than 1 million deaths and continues to spread rapidly. This virus targets the lungs, causing respiratory distress which can be mild or severe. The X-ray or computed tomography (CT) images of lungs can reveal whether the patient is infected with COVID-19 or not. Many researchers are trying to improve COVID-19 detection using artificial intelligence. In this paper, relying on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), we propose a Semi-supervised Classification using Limited Labelled Data (SCLLD) for automated COVID-19 detection. Our motivation is to develop learning method which can cope with scenarios that preparing labelled data is time consuming or expensive. We further improved the detection accuracy of the proposed method by applying Sobel edge detection. The GAN discriminator output is a probability value which is used for classification in this work. The proposed system is trained using 10,000 CT scans collected from Omid hospital. Also, we validate our system using the public dataset. The proposed method is compared with other state of the art supervised methods such as Gaussian processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a COVID-19 semi-supervised detection method is presented. Our method is capable of learning from a mixture of limited labelled and unlabelled data where supervised learners fail due to lack of sufficient amount of labelled data. Our semi-supervised training method significantly outperforms the supervised training of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in case labelled training data is scarce. Our method has achieved an accuracy of 99.60%, sensitivity of 99.39%, and specificity of 99.80% where CNN (trained supervised) has achieved an accuracy of 69.87%, sensitivity of 94%, and specificity of 46.40%. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

Uncovering why deep neural networks lack robustness: Representation metrics that link to adversarial attacks

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Vargas, Danilo Vasconcellos Kotyan, Shashank Matsuki, Moe Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Kyushu University Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dr. SPM IIIT-NR India Department of Applied Science for Integrated System Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology University Japan

Neural networks have been shown vulnerable to adversarial samples. Slightly perturbed input images are able to change the classification of accurate models, showing that the representation learned is not as good as previously thought. To aid the development of better neural networks, it would be important to evaluate to what extent are current neural networks' representations capturing the existing features. Here we propose a test that can evaluate neural networks using a new type of zero-shot test, entitled Raw Zero-Shot. This test is based on the principle that some features are present on unknown classes and that unknown classes can be defined as a combination of previous learned features without learning bias. To evaluate the soft-labels of unknown classes, two metrics are proposed. One is based on clustering validation techniques (Davies-Bouldin Index) and the other is based on soft-label distance of a given correct soft-label. Experiments show that such metrics are in accordance with the robustness to adversarial attacks and might serve as a guidance to build better models as well as be used in loss functions to improve the models directly. Interestingly, the results suggests that dynamic routing networks such as CapsNet have better representation while some DNNs might be trading off representation quality for accuracy. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks