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Dynamic Resource Allocation in LTE Radio Access Network Using Machine Learning Techniques

Journal of computer and Communications 2023年第6期11卷 73-93页

作者： Eric Michel Deussom Djomadji Ivan Basile Kabiena Valery Nkemeni Ayrton Garcia Belinga À Njere Michael Ekonde Sone Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering College of Technology University of Buea Buea Cameroon Division of ICT National Advanced School of Post Telecommunication and ICT University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Computer Engineering and Telecommunications National Advanced School of Engineering University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Current LTE networks are experiencing significant growth in the number of users worldwide. The use of data services for online browsing, e-learning, online meetings and initiatives such as smart cities means that subscribers stay connected for long periods, thereby saturating a number of signalling resources. One of such resources is the Radio Resource Connected (RRC) parameter, which is allocated to eNodeBs with the aim of limiting the number of connected simultaneously in the network. The fixed allocation of this parameter means that, depending on the traffic at different times of the day and the geographical position, some eNodeBs are saturated with RRC resources (overused) while others have unused RRC resources. However, as these resources are limited, there is the problem of their underutilization (non-optimal utilization of resources at the eNodeB level) due to static allocation (manual configuration of resources). The objective of this paper is to design an efficient machine learning model that will take as input some key performance indices (KPIs) like traffic data, RRC, simultaneous users, etc., for each eNodeB per hour and per day and accurately predict the number of needed RRC resources that will be dynamically allocated to them in order to avoid traffic and financial losses to the mobile network operator. To reach this target, three machine learning algorithms have been studied namely: linear regression, convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory (LSTM) to train three models and evaluate them. The model trained with the LSTM algorithm gave the best performance with 97% accuracy and was therefore implemented in the proposed solution for RRC resource allocation. An interconnection architecture is also proposed to embed the proposed solution into the Operation and maintenance network of a mobile network operator. In this way, the proposed solution can contribute to developing and expanding the concept of Self Organizing Network (SON) used in 4

关键词： RRC Resources 4G Network Linear Regression Convolutional Neural Networks Long Short-Term Memory Precision

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Near-field Localization with Dynamic Metasurface Antennas 48

Near-field Localization with Dynamic Metasurface Antennas

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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Yang, Qianyu Guerra, Anna Guidi, Francesco Shlezinger, Nir Zhang, Haiyang Dardari, Davide Wang, Baoyun Eldar, Yonina C. Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Communication and Information Engineering Nanjing China National Research Council of Italy Institute of Electronics Computer and Telecommunication Engineering Bologna Italy Ben-Gurion University School of ECE Beer-Sheva Israel University of Bologna Electronic and Information Engineering Guglielmo Marconi-DEI-CNIT Department of Electrical Cesena Italy Weizmann Institute of Science Faculty of Math and CS Rehovot Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

Sixth generation (6G) cellular communications are expected to support enhanced wireless localization capabilities. The widespread deployment of large arrays and high-frequency bandwidths give rise to new considerations for localization applications. Emerging antenna architectures, such as dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs), are expected to be frequently utilized thanks to the achievable high angular resolution and low hardware complexity. Further, wireless localization is likely to take place in the radiating near-field (Fresnel) region, which provides new degrees of freedom, because of the adoption of arrays with large apertures. While current studies mostly focus on the use of costly fully-digital antenna arrays, in this paper we investigate how DMAs can be applied for near-field localization of a single user. We use a direct positioning estimation method based on curvature-of-Arrival of the impinging wavefront to obtain the user location, and characterize the effects of DMA tuning on the estimation accuracy. Next, we propose an algorithm for configuring the DMA to optimize near-field localization, by first tuning the adjustable DMA coefficients to minimize the estimation error using postulated knowledge of the actual user position. Finally, we propose a sub-optimal iterative algorithm that does not rely on such knowledge. Simulation results show that the DMA-based near-field localization accuracy could approach that of fully-digital arrays at lower cost. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Development of a Phase-Locked Loop Circuit in Running Frequency Mode for Capacitance-to-Voltage Conversion

Development of a Phase-Locked Loop Circuit in Running Freque...

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International Electrical engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Tada On-khong Noppadon Sisuk Paramote Wardkein Ratchanoo Katman Kriangsak Prompak Department of Physics Faculty of Science Naresuan University Phitsanulok Thailand Program in Computer Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Phibunsongkhram Rajabhat University Phitsanulok Thailand Department of Telecommunication School of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand Program of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Phibunsongkhram Rajabhat University Phitsanulok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331543952

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543969

Capacitance-to-voltage conversion is essential for capacitive sensors in various industries, including touch interfaces, medical devices, and moisture measurement. However, circuit design faces challenges like non-linearity, noise, and small capacitance variations affecting voltage signals. This article proposes a phase-locked loop in free-running oscillator mode with a frequency-to-voltage converter to enhance accuracy and stability. Test results show a 97.9% measurement accuracy, demonstrating reduced noise and improved stability. The proposed circuit is ideal for high-precision applications in diverse environments, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.

关键词： Accuracy Sensitivity Moisture measurement Noise Moisture Capacitance Frequency conversion Circuit stability Phase locked loops Standards

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A 37 GHz Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array for 5G Communication Terminals

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1317-1330页

作者： Jalal Khan Sadiq Ullah Usman Ali Ladislau Matekovits Farooq Ahmad Tahir Muhammad Inam Abbasi Telecommunication Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyMardan23200Pakistan Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Politecnico di TorinoTurin10129Italy Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria Dell’Informazione e Delle Telecomunicazioni National Research Council of ItalyTurin10129Italy Department of Measurements and Optical Electronics Politehnica University TimisoaraTimisoara300006Romania Research Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies(RIMMS) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology(JTKEK) Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology(FTKEE)Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka(UTeM)Hang Tuah JayaDurian TunggalMelaka76100Malaysia

This work presents,design and specific absorption rate(SAR)analysis of a 37GHz antenna,for 5th Generation(5G)*** proposed antenna comprises of 4-elements of rectangular patch and an even *** radiating element is composed of copper material supported by Rogers RT5880 substrate of thickness,0.254 mm,dielectric constant(εr),2.2,and loss tangent,*** 4-elements array antenna is compact in size with a dimension of 8mm×20mm in length and *** radiating patch is excited with a 50 ohms connector i.e.,*** antenna resonates in the frequency band of 37 GHz,that covers the 5G *** antenna behavior is studied both in free space and in the proximity of the human *** models of the human body,i.e.,belly,hand,and head(contain skin,fat,muscles,and bone)are considered for on-body *** resonant frequency,the antenna gives a boresight gain of 11.6 *** antenna radiates efficiently with a radiated efficiency of more than 90%.Also,it is observed that the antenna detunes to the lowest in the proximity of the human body,but still a good impedance matching is achieved considering the−10 dB ***,SAR is also being *** safe limit of 2 W/kg for any 10 g of biological tissue,specified by the European International Electro Technical Commission(IEC)has been *** calculated values of SAR for human body models,i.e.,belly,hand and head are 1.82,1.81 and 1.09 W/kg,*** SAR values are less than the international recommendations for the three ***,the simulated and measured results of the antenna are in close agreement,which makes it,a potential candidate for the fifth-generation smart phones and other handheld devices.

关键词： 5G antenna array SAR millimeter-wave smart phones

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A Battery-Less UHF RFID Sensor for Soil Moisture Monitoring

IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification

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IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification 2025年 9卷 286-294页

作者： Alsultan, Mohammed A. Melià-Seguí, Joan Parrón, Josep López-Soriano, Sergio Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Spain Rambla del Poblenou154 Barcelona 08018 Spain Faculty of Computer Science Multimedia and Telecommunication of the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Rambla del Poblenou 156 Barcelona 08018 Spain Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Department of Telecommunication and Systems Engineering Bellaterra 08193 Spain

Soil moisture monitoring is essential for optimizing irrigation strategies, enhancing crop yields, and conserving water resources in precision agriculture. Traditional sensing methods often rely on battery-powered devices, which require maintenance and periodic replacement. This work introduces a batteryless ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) soil moisture sensor that leverages RFID technology and an interdigitated capacitor (IDC) for capacitive sensing. The proposed sensor integrates a meandered dipole antenna and an EM4152 RFID chip, enabling wireless monitoring of soil Volumetric Water Content (VWC) without the need for an external power source. The sensor’s performance is validated through controlled soil moisture experiments, where capacitance readings are correlated with reference measurements from the commercial TEROS 10 soil moisture sensor. The sensor was tested and calibrated using three different soil types: sandy, clay, and a commercial combo substrate. The results demonstrate strong linear correlations with TEROS 10 measurements across all soil types, with coefficients of determination of R2 = 0.9648 (sandy), R2 = 0.9512 (clay), and R2 = 0.9444 (combo). Furthermore, tests conducted at varying water contents and a read range of up to 3.5 meters validate the sensor’s robustness across different soil conditions. The findings highlight the potential of battery-less RFID-based sensing for sustainable and maintenance-free soil moisture monitoring in agricultural applications. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Battery-less Capacitive Sensing EM4152 RFID chip IDC Interdigitated Capacitor precision agriculture Soil Moisture Monitoring Sustainable Agriculture Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF-RFID) Volumetric Water Content (VWC) Wireless Sensor

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Convolutional Neural Network Based Deep Neural Network Model for Electrocardiogram Records Classification 7

Convolutional Neural Network Based Deep Neural Network Model...

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7th International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems, ICFNDS 2023

作者： Khudhur, Ahmed Mahmood Alwan, Mohammed Hasan Al Omairi, Qayssar Mahmood, Omar Abdulkareem Hammadi, Yousif I Muthanna, Mohammed Saleh Ali Aziz, Ahmed Muthanna, Ammar Information Technology Department College Of Computer Science And Information Technology Kirkuk University Iraq Department Of Communications Engineering College Of Engineering University Of Diyala Baqubah32001 Iraq Department Of Computer Engineering College Of Engineering University Of Diyala Iraq Bilad Alrafidain University College Diyala32001 Iraq Institute Of Computer Technologies And Information Security Southern Federal University Taganrog344006 Russia Department Of Computer Science Faculty Of Computer And Artificial Intelligence Benha University Egypt Department Of International Business Management Tashkent State University Of Economics Tashkent Uzbekistan Department Of Telecommunication Networks And Data Transmission The Bonch Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University Of Telecommunications Russia Department Of Applied Probability And Informatics Peoples Friendship University Of Russia Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400709036

Cardiovascular diseases, also known as CVDs, currently rank as the primary incidence of mortality. The present approach for identifying illnesses involves the analysis of the Electrocardiogram (ECG), an electronic diagnostic device utilized to capture the rhythm of the heart. Regrettably, the process of seeking out specialists to conduct analysis on a substantial volume of electrocardiogram (ECG) data results in a significant depletion of medical capabilities. Hence, the utilization of deep learning algorithms for the identification of ECG characteristics has progressively gained prominence. Nevertheless, there exist certain limitations associated with these conventional approaches, which necessitate the need for manual characteristic identification, intricate models, and extensive training duration. This study presents a novel and effective approach for categorizing the five different types of heartbeats in the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. The proposed method involves the utilization of a 16-layer deep one-dimensional convolutional neural network, which exhibits both robustness and efficiency in its classification performance. Thus, the designed model is consisting of five-groups, first to fourth groups are the main feature extraction and mapping blocks, while the fifth group is fully connected and classification layers. The findings indicate that the model presented in this study has superior performance in terms of accuracy, precision, and F1-score. The proper classification of medical cases has a significant impact on the conservation of medical resources, hence positively influencing clinical practice. Additionally, the model training phase is characterized by its efficiency, since it does not significantly deplete resources. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Towards Sustainable Buildings: Chilled Water System Analysis & Efficiency Modeling

Towards Sustainable Buildings: Chilled Water System Analysis...

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Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM)

作者： Wiam Ayrir Ahmed. M. Helmi Simon Abongmbo Driss Benhaddou Electrical Engineering Networks and Telecommunication Systems Department National School of Applied Sciences Ibn Tofail University Kenitra Morocco Computer Engineering Department College of Engineering and Information Technology Buraydah Private Colleges Buraydah KSA Computer and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Houston Houston Texas USA Engineering Technology Department University of Houston Houston Texas USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350351088

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351095

Optimizing the performance of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems constitutes a significant research topic in energy efficiency that brings together various disciplines. In particular, campus-like buildings use HVAC system implemented in a central plant as a form of the chiller system. The main objective is to minimize the energy consumption of these systems in different types of buildings and increase their efficiency while maintaining optimal interior comfort. This paper offers a thorough analysis and evaluation of a university’s chilled water system performance. The insights gained shed light on key optimization perspectives. Additionally, this paper employs regression modeling using Random Forest to analyze the HVAC system, aiming to understand the importance of features such as consumption, outside temperature, and other relevant factors in the chilled water system’s energy efficiency.

关键词： Energy consumption Analytical models HVAC Temperature System performance Systems operation Buildings

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Value Stream Mapping for Smart Pharmaceutical Management in a Thai Hospital 6

Value Stream Mapping for Smart Pharmaceutical Management in ...

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6th International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing, ISM 2024

作者： Boonsothonsatit, Ganda Silapunt, Rardchawadee Vongbunyong, Supachai Kaemarungsi, Kamol Chanpuypetch, Wirachchaya Chonsawat, Nilubon Graduate School of Management and Innovation King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Thailand Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Thailand Hospital Automation Research Center Institute of Field Robotics King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Thailand National Electronics and Computer Technology Center National Science and Technology Development Agency Thailand Faculty of Agro-Industry Chiang Mai University Thailand Department of Agricultural Economy and Developement Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University Thailand

The evolution of healthcare systems worldwide necessitates continual improvement in hospital management practices, particularly pharmaceutical management. This paper explores transforming traditional pharmaceutical management systems in large and medium-sized hospitals in Thailand into smart systems using Value Stream Mapping (VSM) as a guiding tool. Traditional systems often face challenges such as inefficiencies and medication errors. VSM, rooted in lean management principles, offers a structured approach to visualize and optimize processes. Additionally, smart technologies like automated inventory systems and electronic health records enhance pharmaceutical management effectiveness. Through a comprehensive research methodology encompassing case studies, data collection, and VSM analysis, this study identifies inefficiencies and proposes evidence-based strategies for improvement. Results from a case study highlight the benefits of VSM implementation in enhancing pharmacy operations, emphasizing improved patient care and operational efficiency. The implementation of a smart medication dispensing system shows promising results in reducing workload and accommodating increased patient arrivals. Continued evaluation and refinement are crucial for maximizing benefits and addressing emerging challenges effectively. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electronic health record

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Spectrum Sensing Using Cooperative Energy and Matched Filter Detectors in Cognitive Radio

Spectrum Sensing Using Cooperative Energy and Matched Filter...

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International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN)

作者： Ayoob Ayoob Ghaith Khalil Zozan Ayoub Iraqi Ministry of Communications Information &Telecommunication Public Company (ITPC) Nineveh Iraq Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne VIC Australia Computer Engineering Department College of Engineering University of Mosul Iraq

The rapid growth in the population of internet connected devices needs more freer spectrum. Therefore, cognitive radio has previously been presented as a way to solve the issue of limited spectrum resources through making use of spectrum bands that are designated for primary users. This technique enables the secondary user to access the spectrum while the primary user is not utilizing it, without getting involved with the primary user. The main issue for the secondary users when detecting the spectrum is that the primary use is not visible due to complexity of sensing results and poor noise value. In this paper, cooperative energy and matched filter detectors using an adaptive threshold have been proposed to handle this issue. The metrics that have been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed work are the probabilities of detection, misdetection, and false alarm. In addition, we simulate the work with the MATLAB R2020a software and compare it to other related works in the literature.

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Broadband Unidirectional Vivaldi Antenna for Radar Application

Broadband Unidirectional Vivaldi Antenna for Radar Applicati...

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International ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, computer and telecommunications engineering (ECTI-NCON)

作者： Pattawin Changnam Pisit Janpangngern Apichart Intarapanich Chanchai Thongsopa Nuchanart Santalunai Samran Santalunai School of Electronic Engineering Institute of Engineering Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Thailand Department of Telecommunication Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331543273

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543280

This paper presents the design of a broadband Vivaldi antenna intended for radar systems operating across the 2-6 GHz frequency range. The antenna design employs an optimized corrugated Vivaldi antenna and a coaxial feed structure to ensure wideband performance. A 50-ohm N-type connector is integrated for efficient signal transmission between the antenna feed, transmitter, and receiver, minimizing reflection losses and enhancing overall system efficiency. Measurements show that the antenna achieves Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW) values of 100° for the xz-plane and 80° for the yz-plane at 2.45 GHz, 80° for the xz-plane and 60° for the yz-plane at 3.5 GHz, and 80° for the xz-plane and 40° for the yz-plane at 5.5 GHz. Additionally, the antenna gains increase with frequency, reaching 6.60 dBi at 2.45 GHz, 8.34 dBi at 3.5 GHz, and 11.74 dBi at 5.5 GHz. The proposed Vivaldi antenna configuration is particularly suited for radar applications that require multi-band operation, facilitating the detection and tracking of various target sizes and distances. By covering a broad bandwidth, this design improves radar system performance, particularly in frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar environments, enabling robust target detection in diverse operating conditions.

关键词： Antenna measurements Target tracking Vivaldi antennas Transmitting antennas Radar detection Directive antennas Radar antennas Broadband communication Frequency measurement Wideband

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