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Light field depth estimation:A comprehensive survey from principles to future

High-Confidence Computing 2024年第1期4卷 92-107页

作者： Tun Wang Hao Sheng Rongshan Chen Da Yang Zhenglong Cui Sizhe Wang Ruixuan Cong Mingyuan Zhao State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Zhongfa Aviation Institute Beihang UniversityHangzhou 311115China Faculty of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic UniversityMacao 999078China State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment School of Computer Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Light Field(LF)depth estimation is an important research direction in the area of computer vision and computational photography,which aims to infer the depth information of different objects in threedimensional scenes by capturing LF *** this new era of significance,this article introduces a survey of the key concepts,methods,novel applications,and future trends in this *** summarize the LF depth estimation methods,which are usually based on the interaction of radiance from rays in all directions of the LF data,such as epipolar-plane,multi-view geometry,focal stack,and deep *** analyze the many challenges facing each of these approaches,including complex algorithms,large amounts of computation,and speed *** addition,this survey summarizes most of the currently available methods,conducts some comparative experiments,discusses the results,and investigates the novel directions in LF depth estimation.

关键词： Light field Depth estimation Deep learning Sub-aperture image Epipolar-plane image

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Privacy preserving large language models: ChatGPT case study based vision and framework

IET Blockchain

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IET Blockchain 2024年第S1期4卷 706-724页

作者： Ullah, Imdad Hassan, Najm Gill, Sukhpal Singh Suleiman, Basem Ahanger, Tariq Ahamed Shah, Zawar Qadir, Junaid Kanhere, Salil S. School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering The University of Sydney SydneyNSW Australia Higher Colleges of Technology Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Management Information Systems Department College of Business Administration Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Sydney International School of Technology and Commerce SydneyNSW Australia Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Sydney Australia

The generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools based on Large Language Models (LLMs) use billions of parameters to extensively analyse large datasets and extract critical information such as context, specific details, identifying information, use this information in the training process, and generate responses for the requested queries. The extracted data also contain sensitive information, seriously threatening user privacy and reluctance to use such tools. This article proposes the conceptual model called PrivChatGPT, a privacy-preserving model for LLMs consisting of two main components, that is, preserving user privacy during the data curation/pre-processing and preserving private context and the private training process for large-scale data. To demonstrate the applicability of PrivChatGPT, it is shown how a private mechanism could be integrated into the existing model for training LLMs to protect user privacy;specifically, differential privacy and private training using Reinforcement Learning (RL) were employed. The privacy level probabilities are associated with the document contents, including the private contextual information, and with metadata, which is used to evaluate the disclosure probability loss for an individual's private information. The privacy loss is measured and the measure of uncertainty or randomness is evaluated using entropy once differential privacy is applied. It recursively evaluates the level of privacy guarantees and the uncertainty of public databases and resources during each update when new information is added for training purposes. To critically evaluate the use of differential privacy for private LLMs, other mechanisms were hypothetically compared such as Blockchain, private information retrieval, randomisation, obfuscation, anonymisation, and the use of Tor for various performance measures such as the model performance and accuracy, computational complexity, privacy vs. utility, training latency, vulnerability to attacks, and

关键词： Blockchain

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Dynamic S-Box Generation Using Novel Chaotic Map with Nonlinearity Tweaking

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 3011-3026页

作者： Amjad Hussain Zahid Muhammad Junaid Arshad Musheer Ahmad Naglaa F.Soliman Walid El-Shafai School of Systems and Technology University of Management and TechnologyLahore54700Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54700Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi110025India Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Security Engineering Lab Computer Science DepartmentPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt

A substitution box(S-Box)is a crucial component of contemporary cryptosystems that provide data protection in block *** the moment,chaotic maps are being created and extensively used to generate these SBoxes as a chaotic map assists in providing disorder and resistance to combat cryptanalytical *** this paper,the construction of a dynamic S-Box using a cipher key is proposed using a novel chaotic map and an innovative tweaking *** projected chaotic map and the proposed tweak approach are presented for the first time and the use of parameters in their workingmakes both of these dynamic in *** tweak approach employs cubic polynomials while permuting the values of an initial S-Box to enhance its cryptographic *** of the parameters are provided using the cipher key and a small variation in values of these parameters results in a completely different unique *** analysis and exploration confirmed that the projected chaoticmap exhibits a significant amount of chaotic *** security assessment in terms of bijectivity,nonlinearity,bits independence,strict avalanche,linear approximation probability,and differential probability criteria are utilized to critically investigate the effectiveness of the proposed S-Box against several *** proposed S-Box’s cryptographic performance is comparable to those of recently projected S-Boxes for its adaption in real-world security *** comparative scrutiny pacifies the genuine potential of the proposed S-Box in terms of its applicability for data security.

关键词： Substitution-box chaotic map data security tweaking

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Retinal disorder diagnosis based on hybrid deep learning models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Sedik, Ahmed El-Shafai, Walid El-Hag, Noha A. El-Banby, Ghada M. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafr el-Sheikh Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt The Higher Institute of Commercial Sciences Algarbia Al Mahalla Al Kubra31951 Egypt Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Anomaly detection from medical images is badly needed for automated diagnosis. For example, medical images obtained with several modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) and confocal microscopy, need to be classified for anomaly detection. The MR images may contain tumors that need to be detected with anomaly detection techniques. In MR imaging, brain tumors are represented as areas composed of abnormal cells that need to be detected. On the other hand, confocal microscopy can be used for retinal imaging. Hence, there is a need to apply classification techniques for diagnosing diseases of the eye, such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), which leads to exudates in different regions of the retina. The detection of exudates is necessary for the diagnosis of DR. In this paper, two models are presented for the classification of MR and retinal images. Much research has been done in this area, but it did not achieve high accuracy of classification in an acceptable time. In addition, the previous models did not consider both types of image modalities considered in this paper. The suggested models are Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). They are used to classify normal and abnormal cases of both brain tumor and DR diseases. The CNN model is composed of six convolutional layers and six max-pooling layers. A soft-max activation function takes the classification decision. The proposed Conv-LSTM model is composed of three stages: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The deep learning model performance is better than those of traditional networks. The CNN gives an accuracy of 94.26% for DR classification and 95.8% for brain tumor classification, while the Conv-LSTM gives the maximum accuracy of 96.41% for DR classification and 97.4% for brain tumor classification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Confocal microscopy

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Fast Learning Network Algorithm for Voice Pathology Detection and Classification

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第17期84卷 18567-18598页

作者： Albadr, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Ayob, Masri Tiun, Sabrina AL-Dhief, Fahad Taha Al-Daweri, Muataz Salam Homod, Raad Z. Abbas, Ali Hashim Department of Petroleum Project Management College of Industrial Management of Oil and Gas Basrah University for Oil and Gas Al-Basrah Iraq Faculty of Information Science and Technology CAIT Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi Malaysia Department of Communication Engineering School of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia Department of Information Systems College of Economics Management & Information Systems University of Nizwa Nizwa Oman Department of Oil and Gas Engineering Basrah University for Oil and Gas Al-Basrah Iraq Department of Computer Technical Engineering College of Information Technology Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq University Al-Muthanna Iraq

The utilisation of ML (Machine Learning) techniques in the detection of the VP (Voice Pathology) has recently gained a lot of consideration. However, these efforts still have several drawbacks such as: I) the accuracy rates of most previous works are still not promising and need more improvement. II) The majority of the previous works have concentrated on the task of VP detection only and disregarded the task of VP classification. III) Most of the previous works have been assessed based on a single voice data only like the vowel /a/, and the other vowels (/i/, and /u/) and sentences were disregarded. IV) The majority of the previous works performance were assessed utilising a limited evaluation metrics. Recently, one of the utmost effective ML techniques is FLN (Fast Learning Network), it is an efficient technique for data classification. However, the FLN classifier has not been implemented to the problem of VP detection and classification. Therefore, this research proposes the FLN classifier with MFCC (Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient) features in order to enhance the accuracy of the VP detection and classification. The FLN classifier has the ability to a) solve both binary and multiclass classification issues, b) eliminate overfitting, as well as c) operate akin to a NN (Neural Network) structure while employing the principles of a kernel-based SVM (Support Vector Machine). In this research, the SVD (Saarbrucken Voice Database) dataset was utilised to assess the FLN classifier performance in the VP detection and classification. The assessment of the proposed FLN classifier was conducted based on two phases: the first phase includes all the voice samples of the SVD dataset with the sentences and vowels (i.e., /a/, /i/, and /u/) which are pronounced in neutral, high, and low pitches. While the second phase uses the voice samples of the utmost common 3 pathology types (i.e., paralysis, polyp, and cyst) based on the vowel /a/ that is pronounced in neutral pitch. The

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Analyzing darknet traffic through machine learning and neucube spiking neural networks

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2024年第4期5卷 265-283页

作者： Iman Akour Mohammad Alauthman Khalid M.O.Nahar Ammar Almomani Brij B.Gupta Information Systems Department College of Computing&InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates Department of Information Security Faculty of Information TechnologyUniversity of PetraAmman 11196Jordan the Faculty of Computer Studies Arab Open UniversityRiyadh 11681Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Al-Huson University CollegeAl-Balqa Applied UniversityIrbid 19117Jordan the Department of Computer Information Science Higher Colleges of TechnologySharjahUnited Arab Emirates the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia UniversityTaichung 413ChinaSymbiosis Centre for Information TechnologySymbiosis International(Deemed University)Pune 412115India Centre of Inter-disciplinary Research&Innovation University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun 248007India

The rapidly evolving darknet enables a wide range of cybercrimes through anonymous and untraceable communication *** detection of clandestine darknet traffic is therefore critical yet immensely *** research demonstrates how advanced machine learning and specialized deep learning techniques can significantly enhance darknet traffic analysis to strengthen *** diverse classifiers such as random forest and naïve Bayes with a novel spiking neural network architecture provides a robust foundation for identifying concealed *** on the CIC-Darknet2020 dataset establishes state-of-the-art results with 98%accuracy from the random forest model and 84.31%accuracy from the spiking neural *** pioneering application of artificial intelligence advances the frontiers in analyzing the complex characteristics and behaviours of darknet *** proposed techniques lay the groundwork for improved threat intelligence,real-time monitoring,and resilient cyber defense systems against the evolving landscape of cyber threats.

关键词： darknet traffic machine learning deep learning spiking neural network PCA

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MRIAD: A Pre-clinical Prevalence Study on Alzheimer’s Disease Prediction Through Machine Learning Classifiers 4th

MRIAD: A Pre-clinical Prevalence Study on Alzheimer’s Dise...

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4th Joint International Conference on Deep Learning, Big Data and Blockchain, DBB 2023

作者： Loba, Jannatul Mia, Md. Rajib Mahmud, Imran Mahi, Md. Julkar Nayeen Whaiduzzaman, Md. Ahmed, Kawsar Department of Software Engineering Daffodil International University Dhaka Bangladesh School of Information Systems Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031423161

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological illness that worsens with time. The aged population has expanded in recent years, as has the prevalence of geriatric illnesses. There is no cure, but early detection and proper treatment allow sufferers to live normal lives. Furthermore, people with this disease’s immune systems steadily degenerate, resulting in a wide range of severe disorders. Neuroimaging Data from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is utilized to identify and detect the disease as early as possible. The data is derived from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) collection of 266 people with 177 structural brain MRI imaging, DTI, and PET data for intermediate disease diagnosis. When neuropsychological and cognitive data are integrated, the study found that ML can aid in the identification of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Our primary objective is to develop a model that is reliable, simple, and rapid for diagnosing preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. According to our findings (MRIAD), the Logistic Regression (LR) model has the best accuracy and classification prediction of about 98%. The ML model is also developed in the paper. This article profoundly, describes the possibility to getting into Alzheimer’s disease (AD) information from the pre-clinical or non-preclinical trial datasets using Machine Learning Classifier (ML) approaches. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Towards a Deep Learning Pain-Level Detection Deployment at UAE for Patient-Centric-Pain Management and Diagnosis Support: Framework and Performance Evaluation 14

Towards a Deep Learning Pain-Level Detection Deployment at U...

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14th International Conference on Ambient systems, Networks and Technologies Networks, ANT 2023 and The 6th International Conference on Emerging Data and Industry 4.0, EDI40 2023

作者： Ismail, Leila Waseem, Muhammad Danish Lab School of Computing and Information Systems Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology The University of Melbourne Australia Research Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering College of Information Technology United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates National Water and Energy Center United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the criticality of timely intervention in a situation exacerbated by a shortage in medical staff and equipment. Pain-level screening is the initial step toward identifying the severity of patient conditions. Automatic recognition of state and feelings help in identifying patient symptoms to take immediate adequate action and providing a patient-centric medical plan tailored to a patient's state. In this paper, we propose a framework for pain-level detection for deployment in the United Arab Emirates and assess its performance using the most used approaches in the literature. Our results show that a deployment of a pain-level deep learning detection framework is promising in identifying the pain level accurately. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer vision

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Pretrained Model with CNN for Lung Cancer Identification and Classification 7

Pretrained Model with CNN for Lung Cancer Identification and...

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7th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, PRAI 2024

作者： Kanwal, Shaista Ali, Sajid Alahmadi, Tahani Jaser Assam, Muhammad Ansari, Ghulam Jillani Bhatti, Uzair Aslam University of Education Department of Information Sciences Lahore Pakistan College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Department of Information Systems P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh Saudi Arabia University of Science and Technology Department of Software Engineering KPK Bannu Pakistan School of Information and Communication Engineering Hainan University China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350890

Lung cancer impacts both genders, and its early detection is key to lowering death rates. Current deep learning techniques for automated identification and classification of lung carcinoma face issues with interpretability, data variability handling, and broader applicability. In our research, we propose a novel method that merges a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a streamlined RESNET18 framework. This approach is designed for lung cancer detection and categorization from CT scans, involving image preprocessing like resizing and rescaling. It effectively differentiates between healthy and cancerous tissues, further classifying them as either Normal, Benign, or Malignant, including variants such as adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Our CNN+RESNET18 model boasts an impressive 99% accuracy, supporting radiologists in the intricate task of image analysis, reducing risks of incorrect or delayed diagnosis, and fostering prompt treatment for improved patient outcomes. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Lung cancer

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Eliciting Requirements from Stakeholders’ Responses Using Natural Language Processing

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2021年第4期127卷 99-116页

作者： Mohammed Lafi Bilal Hawashin Shadi AlZu’bi Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Science and Information TechnologyAl-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Department of Computer Information Systems Faculty of Science and Information TechnologyAl-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science and Information TechnologyAl-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan

Most software systems have different stakeholders with a variety of *** process of collecting requirements from a large number of stakeholders is vital but *** propose an efficient,automatic approach to collecting requirements from different stakeholders’responses to a specific *** use natural language processing techniques to get the stakeholder response that represents most other stakeholders’*** study improves existing practices in three ways:Firstly,it reduces the human effort needed to collect the requirements;secondly,it reduces the time required to carry out this task with a large number of stakeholders;thirdly,it underlines the importance of using of data mining techniques in various software engineering *** approach uses tokenization,stop word removal,and word lemmatization to create a list of frequently accruing *** then creates a similarity matrix to calculate the score value for each response and selects the answer with the highest *** experiments show that using this approach significantly reduces the time and effort needed to collect requirements and does so with a sufficient degree of accuracy.

关键词： software requirements requirements elicitation natural language processing

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