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Privacy-preserving explainable AI: a survey

Science China(information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 23-56页

作者： Thanh Tam NGUYEN Thanh Trung HUYNH Zhao REN Thanh Toan NGUYEN Phi Le NGUYEN Hongzhi YIN Quoc Viet Hung NGUYEN School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University School of Computer and Communication Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Bremen Faculty of Information Technology HUTECH University Department of Computer Science Hanoi University of Science and Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland

As the adoption of explainable AI(XAI) continues to expand, the urgency to address its privacy implications intensifies. Despite a growing corpus of research in AI privacy and explainability, there is little attention on privacy-preserving model explanations. This article presents the first thorough survey about privacy attacks on model explanations and their countermeasures. Our contribution to this field comprises a thorough analysis of research papers with a connected taxonomy that facilitates the categorization of privacy attacks and countermeasures based on the targeted explanations. This work also includes an initial investigation into the causes of privacy leaks. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues and prospective research directions uncovered in our analysis. This survey aims to be a valuable resource for the research community and offers clear insights for those new to this domain. To support ongoing research, we have established an online resource repository, which will be continuously updated with new and relevant findings.

关键词： privacy-preserving explainable AI privacy attacks privacy defences PrivEx PPXAI

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AMAD:Adaptive Mapping Approach for Datacenter Networks,an Energy-Friend Resource Allocation Framework via Repeated Leader Follower Game

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4577-4601页

作者： Ahmad Nahar Quttoum Muteb Alshammari Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe Hashemite UniversityZarqa13133Jordan Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityArar91431Saudi Arabia

Cloud Datacenter Network(CDN)providers usually have the option to scale their network structures to allow for far more resource capacities,though such scaling options may come with exponential costs that contradict their utility ***,besides the cost of the physical assets and network resources,such scaling may also imposemore loads on the electricity power grids to feed the added nodes with the required energy to run and cool,which comes with extra costs ***,those CDNproviders who utilize their resources better can certainly afford their services at lower price-units when compared to others who simply choose the scaling *** utilization is a quite challenging process;indeed,clients of CDNs usually tend to exaggerate their true resource requirements when they lease their *** providers are committed to their clients with Service Level Agreements(SLAs).Therefore,any amendment to the resource allocations needs to be approved by the clients *** this work,we propose deploying a Stackelberg leadership framework to formulate a negotiation game between the cloud service providers and their client *** this,the providers seek to retrieve those leased unused resources from their *** is not expected from the clients,and they may ask high price units to return their extra resources to the provider’s ***,to motivate cooperation in such a non-cooperative game,as an extension to theVickery auctions,we developed an incentive-compatible pricingmodel for the returned ***,we also proposed building a behavior belief function that shapes the way of negotiation and compensation for each *** to other benchmark models,the assessment results showthat our proposed models provide for timely negotiation schemes,allowing for better resource utilization rates,higher utilities,and grid-friend CDNs.

关键词： Data center networks energy-aware resource management resource utilization game-theory mechanisms

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Research Progress in Solar Flare Prediction Methods

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第3期25卷 280-309页

作者： Ke Han Zhen Liu Xian-Yi Zhao Yi-Fei Li De-Quan Zheng Jie Wan School of Computer and Information Engineering Harbin University of Commerce Faculty of Computing Harbin Institute of Technology School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology

Solar flares are one of the strongest outbursts of solar activity,posing a serious threat to Earth’s critical infrastructure,such as communications,navigation,power,and ***,it is essential to accurately predict solar flares in order to ensure the safety of human ***,the research focuses on two directions:first,identifying predictors with more physical information and higher prediction accuracy,and second,building flare prediction models that can effectively handle complex observational *** terms of flare observability and predictability,this paper analyses multiple dimensions of solar flare observability and evaluates the potential of observational parameters in *** flare prediction models,the paper focuses on data-driven models and physical models,with an emphasis on the advantages of deep learning techniques in dealing with complex and high-dimensional *** reviewing existing traditional machine learning,deep learning,and fusion methods,the key roles of these techniques in improving prediction accuracy and efficiency are *** prevailing challenges,this study discusses the main challenges currently faced in solar flare prediction,such as the complexity of flare samples,the multimodality of observational data,and the interpretability of *** conclusion summarizes these findings and proposes future research directions and potential technology advancement.

关键词： Sun: activity Sun: flares (Sun:) sunspots Sun: magnetic fields magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)

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VSSB-Raft: A Secure and Efficient Zero Trust Consensus Algorithm for Blockchain

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ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 2024年第2期20卷 1-22页

作者： Tian, Siben Bai, Fenhua Shen, Tao Zhang, Chi Gong, Bei Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and Technology Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technology Applications China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology China

To solve the problems of vote forgery and malicious election of candidate nodes in the Raft consensus algorithm, we combine zero trust with the Raft consensus algorithm and propose a secure and efficient consensus algorithm -Verifiable Secret Sharing Byzantine Fault Tolerance Raft Consensus Algorithm (VSSB-Raft). The VSSB-Raft consensus algorithm realizes zero trust through the supervisor node and secret sharing algorithm without the invisible trust between nodes required by the algorithm. Meanwhile, the VSSB-Raft consensus algorithm uses the SM2 signature algorithm to realize the characteristics of zero trust requiring authentication before data use. In addition, by introducing the NDN network, we redesign the communication between nodes and guarantee the communication quality among nodes. The VSSB-Raft consensus algorithm proposed in this paper can make the algorithm Byzantine fault tolerant by setting a threshold for secret sharing while maintaining the algorithm's complexity to be O(n). Experiments show that the VSSB-Raft consensus algorithm is secure and efficient with high throughput and low consensus latency. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Blockchain

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A Fast Algorithm for Computing the Deficiency Number of a Mahjong Hand

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第6期33卷 1383-1398页

作者： Xueqing YAN Yongming LI Sanjiang LI School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University School of Mathematics and Statistics Shaanxi Normal University Centre for Quantum Software and Information Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology Sydney

The tile-based multiplayer game Mahjong is widely played in Asia and has also become increasingly popular worldwide. Face-to-face or online, each player begins with a hand of 13 tiles and players draw and discard tiles in turn until they complete a winning hand. An important notion in Mahjong is the deficiency number(*** number in Japanese Mahjong) of a hand, which estimates how many tile changes are necessary to complete the hand into a winning hand. The deficiency number plays an essential role in major decision-making tasks such as selecting a tile to discard. This paper proposes a fast algorithm for computing the deficiency number of a Mahjong hand. Compared with the baseline algorithm, the new algorithm is usually 100 times faster and, more importantly,respects the agent's knowledge about available tiles. The algorithm can be used as a basic procedure in all Mahjong variants by both rule-based and machine learning-based Mahjong AI.

关键词： Machine learning algorithms Knowledge based systems Decision making Asia Games

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Robust steganographic approach using generative adversarial network and compressive autoencoder

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-38页

作者： Qasaimeh, Malik Qtaish, Alaa Abu Aljawarneh, Shadi Department of Computer Information Systems Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Department of Software Engineering co-joint with the Department of Cyber Security Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan

Nowadays, social media applications and websites have become a crucial part of people’s lives;for sharing their moments, contacting their families and friends, or even for their jobs. However, the fact that these valuable data are transferred via the Internet and open channels, which are vulnerable to attacks and espionage, requires using defense methods to improve the security of data transmission. Recently, the progress of Deep Learning (DL) inspired researchers to use it with security methods such as steganography, the art of hiding secret data in unrelated content. DL and steganography combined enhanced the hiding properties, especially in the Coverless Image Steganography (CIS) methods. In this paper, we propose a Compressive Coverless Image Steganography (CCIS) model, which is a generated-based CIS, to improve the capacity and robustness of Steganography. This model uses the compressive autoencoder to compress the message, thus increasing the capacity, and uses the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to generate a stego image from the compressed vector, thus enhancing concealment ability, besides using a regression model and optimization method to extract the data. Another version was designed to enable sending binary messages by replacing the compressive autoencoder network with a robust mapping rule. Experiments show that the proposed model could improve the characteristics of Steganography. Furthermore, the proposed model could extract binary messages with 256 bits from attacked stego images with 99% recovery accuracy. Thus, capacity and robustness were enhanced using our model with both images and text as secret messages. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Towards robust and efficient intrusion detection in IoMT: a deep learning approach addressing data leakage and enhancing model generalizability

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-20页

作者： Bouke, Mohamed Aly El Atigh, Hayate Abdullah, Azizol Department of Communication Technology and Network Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang43400 Malaysia Departement of Computer Engineering Faculty of Computer Engineering Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University Balikesir10200 Turkey

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) brings advanced patient monitoring and predictive analytics to healthcare but also raises cybersecurity and data privacy issues. This paper introduces a deep-learning model for IoMT intrusion detection, utilizing the WUSTL EHMS 2020 dataset, which focuses on cyber threats like man-in-the-middle attacks and data injection. Our sequential model, trained with TensorFlow, surpasses traditional predictive accuracy and efficiency methods. It achieves 99% accuracy with reduced loss and excels in precision, recall, F1 Score, and ROC AUC. The model uses 25 key features from 45, preventing overfitting and addressing data leakage in preprocessing. These steps ensure the model's reliability for IoMT cybersecurity, demonstrating its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Cybersecurity

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An Adaptive Framework for Classification and Detection of Android Malware

International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies

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International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies 2024年第21期18卷 59-73页

作者： Al Sharah, Ashraf Alrub, Yousef Abu Owida, Hamza Abu Elsoud, Esraa Abu Alshdaifat, Nawaf Khtatnaha, Hamzah Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Technology Al-Balqa Applied University Amman Jordan Department of Computer Information Systems Faculty of Prince Al-Hussein Bin Abdallah II for Information Technology The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan Department of Medical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman Jordan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan Faculty of Information Technology Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan

The hardware and software of a computer are controlled by its operating system (OS), which performs essential tasks such as input and output processing, file and memory management, and the management of peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. Application software refers to programs designed for specific purposes, these applications, often freely available and open source, contribute to the rising number of downloads. In the third quarter of 2022, combined downloads from the Apple App Store and Google Play Reached an estimated 35.3 billion. However, the prevalence of insecurity in these applications and technologies heightens the potential for cybercrimes. Protection against unauthorized intruders is crucial in identifying malicious applications. Machine learning (ML) serves as a promising avenue for detecting malware attacks, offering potential solutions to bolster cybersecurity measures. We propose a novel approach utilizing ML to enhance malware detection accuracy by segmenting datasets into distinct groups. Our research employs supervised ML techniques on the CICMaldroid2020 dataset, which includes comprehensive information such as intent actions, permissions, and sensitive APIs. The dataset was partitioned into four groups, each containing 150 features, and analyzed across four experiments to distinguish between attack and benign classes. Our proposed model demonstrated exceptional performance, with the random forest algorithm achieving an accuracy of 98.6% and a precision of 98.75%. These results highlight the effectiveness of our segmentation approach and its significant contribution to advancing malware detection in Android applications, offering a promising direction for future cybersecurity solutions. © 2024 by the authors of this article.

关键词： Android malware

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Abnormal event detection in surveillance videos through LSTM auto-encoding and local minima assistance

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-25页

作者： Sengonul, Erkan Samet, Refik Abu Al-Haija, Qasem Alqahtani, Ali Alsemmeari, Rayan A. Alghamdi, Bandar Alturki, Badraddin Alsulami, Abdulaziz A. Department of Computer Engineering Ankara University Ankara06100 Turkey Department of Cybersecurity Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology PO Box 3030 Irbid22110 Jordan Department of Networks & Communications Engineering College of Computer Science & Information Systems Najran University Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

Abnormal event detection in video surveillance is critical for security, traffic management, and industrial monitoring applications. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for anomaly detection in video data, encompassing three primary stages: preprocessing, feature learning, and anomaly detection. We employ background subtraction and noise reduction during preprocessing to refine the data. The feature-learning stage involves training an LSTM autoencoder to capture the essential features of normal video sequences. For anomaly detection, we map video data to a lower-dimensional space (latent code) and compare it against the distribution of codes from normal sequences. We determine regularity scores and identify local minima points exceeding a specified threshold while scrutinizing shadows between adjacent maxima to confirm and pinpoint anomalies. When tested on the CUHK Avenue and UMN datasets, our methodology demonstrated performance with AUCs of 93.8% and 94.1%, respectively, outperforming several baseline models. Our results show the high precision of our method that can detect anomalies, highlighting its potential advantages that it can achieve for enhancing systems of surveillance. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Noise abatement

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Optimized digital watermarking: Harnessing the synergies of Schur matrix factorization, DCT, and DWT for superior image ownership proofing

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第18期84卷 19817-19852页

作者： Al-Aiash, Issa Alquran, Rabee AlJamal, Mahmoud Alsarhan, Ayoub Aljaidi, Mohammad Al-Fraihat, Dimah Department of Information Technology Faculty of Prince Al-Hussein Bin Abdallah II for Information Technology The Hashemite University Zarqa13133 Jordan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Zarqa University Zarqa13110 Jordan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Information Technology Isra University Amman11622 Jordan

The contemporary context of abundant digital dissemination inherently gives rise to the need for media protection and the clear identification of ownership rights. This paper responded to this nagging issue of unauthorized media capture by developing a new digital watermarking approach uniting the Discrete Wavelet Transform DWT, Discrete Cosine Transform DCT, and Schur matrix factorization. The proposed watermark, which was a positive vector uniformly distributed, presented a high degree of robustness to several adversarial operating conditions, including histogram equalization, salt and pepper noise, ripple impact, smoothing attack, and cropping. The obtained results reveal the effectiveness of our approach. The correlation coefficient between watermarked and original images remains exceptionally high at 0.999998, ensuring minimal visual distortion. Mean Squared Error (MSE) graphs for both high-frequency (HH) and low-frequency (LL) domains demonstrate negligible changes after attacks, confirming the watermark's robustness. Notably, the watermark extraction process remains successful even after histogram equalization, as indicated by significantly lower MSE compared to random vectors. Moreover, the average processing times for different attacks are promising;Histogram Equalization and Salt and Pepper attacks each took 0.3 s, Ripple Attack required 0.28 s, Smoothing Attack completed in 0.29 s, and the Cropping Attack took 0.6 s. The robustness of our approach appears against the salt and pepper attack, which historically presented a vulnerability when employing Schur matrix factorization in image watermarking, indicating the novelty of and this contribution to improving media ownership verification. By combining disparate transformation methodologies, this technique offers a promising avenue for reinforcing the integrity and authenticity of digital media, thereby strengthening the foundations of intellectual property rights in the digital domain. © The Author(s), und

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms

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