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Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Swin Transformer and Diffusion Models for Robust Image Denoising

IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 71880-71907页

作者： El-Nabi, Samy Abd Ibrahim, Ahmed F. El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. Hassan, Osama F. Soliman, Naglaa F. Ramadan, Khalil F. El-Shafai, Walid Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Artificial Intelligence Engineering South Sinai 46511 Egypt Menoufia University Faculty of Electronic Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Menouf32952 Egypt Suez Canal University Faculty of Computers and Informatics Information Systems Department Ismailia41522 Egypt Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Information Technology P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia

With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems and growing emphasis on driver safety, real-time detection of driver drowsiness has become a critical area of research. This study presents a robust and scalable driver drowsiness detection framework that integrates a Swin Transformer-based deep learning model with a diffusion model for image denoising. While conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are effective in standard vision tasks, they often suffer performance degradation in real-world driving scenarios due to noise, poor lighting, motion blur, and adversarial attacks. To address these challenges, the proposed model focuses on eye-state detection, specifically, prolonged eye closure, as a primary indicator of driver disengagement and fatigue. Our system introduces a novel preprocessing stage using a denoising diffusion model built on a U-Net encoder-decoder architecture, effectively mitigating the impact of Gaussian noise and adversarial perturbations. Additionally, we incorporate adversarial training with Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) attacks, demonstrating significant improvements in classification accuracy and resilience. Evaluations are conducted on two benchmark datasets, Eye-Blink and Closed Eyes in the Wild (CEW), under both clean and noisy conditions. Comparative experiments show that the proposed system outperforms several state-of-the-art models, including ViT, ResNet50V2, InceptionV3, MobileNet, DenseNet169, and VGG19, in terms of accuracy (up to 99.82%), PSNR (up to 41.61 dB), and SSIM (up to 0.984), while maintaining competitive inference times suitable for practical deployment. Moreover, a detailed sensitivity analysis of data augmentation strategies reveals that techniques such as rotation and horizontal flip substantially enhance the model’s generalization across variable visual inputs. The system also demonstrates improved robustness under real-world black-box scenarios and adver

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Semi-Supervised Deep Learning Model for Automated MRI Tumor Segmentation

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Traitement du Signal 2025年第2期42卷 737-750页

作者： Alsemmeari, Rayan A. Iqbal, Zakir Bakhsh, Sheikh Tahir Alghamdi, Bandar M. Alsulami, Abdulaziz A. Alturki, Badraddin Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad22060 Pakistan Cardiff School of Technology Cardiff Metropolitan University CardiffCF5 2YB United Kingdom Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia

The upsurge in the number of breast cancer patients makes it important to diagnose the disease early so that effective treatment can save the patient's life. Breast cancer diagnosis is challenging;however, the adoption of various deep-learning techniques has made this hard work much more accessible for radiologists to diagnose breast cancer at an early stage. Numerous applications have been developed to provide practical solutions to aid the radiologist in medical image analysis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered the most accurate screening technique for breast cancer identification, and it has substantially contributed to decreasing the mortality rate by early breast cancer detection. In MRI imaging, breast tumor detection and segmentation are still regarded as a critical task due to the limited availability of annotated MRI scans that require more laborious to annotate data with accurate ground truth which is a time-consuming process and less feasible in medical imaging. This research presents a Semi-Supervised Deep Learning for Automated Tumor Segmentation (SDATS). A semi-supervised learning model is employed, utilizing labeled and unlabeled data for segmentation. Segment Anything Model (SAM) is used for tumors, using bounding boxes to isolate regions of interest and generating precise segmentation masks. The YOLOv8 model is utilized for breast tumor detection, identifying bounding boxes for regions of interest. Integrating YOLOv8 and SAM makes the proposed model more rigorous and aims to enhance efficiency without using pixel-level annotation for segmentation. This allows for more efficient processing of large datasets and accelerates the diagnostic process. Furthermore, the SDATS diagnoses breast cancer with quicker and more precise automatic segmentation. ©2025 The authors.

关键词： Mammography

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On The Notion of Complete Quality Preserving in Data Hiding

On The Notion of Complete Quality Preserving in Data Hiding

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2025 International Conference on Electronics, information, and Communication, ICEIC 2025

作者： Variya, Dhaval Yuen Kiat, Nathan Cheong Ong, Simying Wong, KokSheik Innov8tif Sdn Bhd Malaysia University of Malaya Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Malaysia School of Information Technology Monash University Malaysia Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510756

Data hiding aims to insert data into a content to achieve specific purposes, including claiming ownership through watermarking, validating the integrity of the content in authentication, and providing extra/paid features, to name a few. Data hiding concerns three conflicting requirement aspects, namely, quality, capacity, and robustness. For many years, researchers have aimed to insert as much data as possible while minimizing quality deterioration and maximizing robustness. However, in a typical data hiding method where the content is modified to encode data, the quality of the host is always degraded. In this work, we introduce the concept of complete quality preservation, which is a reference-based measure, and formalize a general metric to establish complete quality preservation for different media. We discuss three typical ways to achieve complete quality preservation in data hiding, and comment on potential approaches that are worthy for future exploration. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： information hiding

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StegMamba: Distortion-Free Immune-Cover for Multi-Image Steganography With State Space Model

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video technology 2025年第5期35卷 4576-4591页

作者： Luo, Ting Zhou, Yuhang He, Zhouyan Jiang, Gangyi Xu, Haiyong Qi, Shuren Zhang, Yushu Ningbo University College of Science and Technology Ningbo315212 China Ningbo University Faculty of Information Science and Engineering Ningbo315211 China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing211106 China

Multi-image steganography ensures privacy protection while avoiding suspicion from third parties by embedding multiple secret images within a cover image. However, existing multi-image steganographic methods fail to model global spatial correlations to reduce image damage at the low computation cost. Moreover, they do not account for the anti-distortion capability of the cover image, which is crucial for achieving imperceptible and ensuring security. To overcome these limitations, we propose StegMamba, a distortion-free immune-cover for multi-image steganography architecture with a state space model. Specifically, we first explore the potential of the linear computational cost model Mamba for data hiding tasks through a steganography Mamba block (SMB), whose efficiency makes it suitable for real-time applications. Subsequently, considering that images with distortion resistance reduce embedding damage, the original cover image is reconstructed through immune-cover construction module (ICCM) and associated with the steganography task. Moreover, well-coupled features facilitate fusion, and thus a wavelet-based interaction module (WIM) is designed for effective communication between the immune-cover and the secret images. Compared with the state-of-the-art global attention-based methods, the proposed StegMamba obtains PSNR gains of 3.30 dB, 1.37 dB, and 1.92 dB for the stego image, and two secret recovery images, respectively, and the reduction of 2.87% in detection accuracy for anti-steganalysis. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cost reduction

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An Intrusion Detection System for Multiclass Classification Across Multiple Datasets in Industrial IoT Using Machine Learning and Neural Networks Integrated with Edge Computing 2

An Intrusion Detection System for Multiclass Classification ...

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2nd International Conference on Data, information and Computing science, CDICS 2024

作者： Zhukabayeva, Tamara Ahmad, Zulfiqar Karabayev, Nurdaulet Baumuratova, Dilaram Ali, Mushtaq Faculty of Information Technology L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Astana Kazakhstan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Hazara University Mansehra21300 Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685762

With the rapid expansion of industrial IoT (IIoT), maintaining robust cybersecurity is essential for the smooth operation of industrial processes. Industrial environments require adaptive solutions to effectively mitigate evolving cyber threats and protect sensitive operations. This research aims to improve the cybersecurity of industrial IoT environments. The research intends to design and implement an adaptive and real-time intrusion detection system with edge computing integration that improves the reliability of the operations in industrial IoT. We incorporated machine learning approaches to classify cyber threats using XGBoost and Deep Neural Networks (DNN). A comparative analysis of results obtained from two datasets shows that the XGBoost model was slightly more accurate than the DNN model, with an accuracy of 79% for dataset D1 and approximately 99.42% for data set D2. This analysis also clearly demonstrates the usefulness of these machine learning approaches and the need to select a model depending on the requirements for detecting particular attacks. Confusion matrix analysis shows that both models have several advantages in terms of recognizing different types of cyber threats. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Network intrusion

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RobustFace: a novel image restoration technique for face adversarial robustness improvement

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第11期84卷 8965-8993页

作者： Sadu, Chiranjeevi Das, Pradip K. Yannam, V Ramanjaneyulu Nayyar, Anand Department of Computer Science and Engineering RGUKT Nuzvid Andhra Pradesh Nuzvid India Department of Computer Science and Engineering IIT Guwahati Assam Guwahati India School of Technology Woxsen University Telangana Hyderabad India Graduate School Faculty of Information Technology Duy Tan University Da Nang550000 Viet Nam

Machine Learning (ML) models, particularly Deep Learning (DL), have made rapid progress and achieved significant milestones across various applications, including numerous safety-critical contexts. However, these models have recently been discovered to be susceptible to adversarial attacks, which are well-crafted input images. The primary objective of this paper is to propose a novel methodology titled "RobustFace", which is based on deep image restoration networks, that significantly improves the facial adversarial robustness of various image-classification models. Adversarial images are created using the Private Fast Gradient Sign Method (P-FGSM), StyleGAN and Fast Landmark Manipulation (FLM) methods. The adversarial images are then enhanced using deep image restoration networks to bring back them into the original space. The encoded weighted local magnitude patterns (WLMP) are extracted and provided to different types of classifiers to detect facial adversarial images from the clean images. The effectiveness of RobustFace has been demonstrated on two real-world datasets and experimental outcomes show that it significantly improves facial adversarial robustness on all evaluating classifiers. It improves the highest classification accuracy from 98.75% to 99.00% on P-FGSM attacks, from 77.94% to 85.25% on adversarial attacks generated by StyleGAN and from 65.52% to 69.50% for FLM attacks. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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TCIP: Transformed Colour Intensity Profiles analysis for fault detection in power line insulators

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4503-4534页

作者： Tomaszewski, Michal Gasz, Rafal Kasana, Singara Singh Osuchowski, Jakub Singh, Simranjit Zator, Slawomir Department of Computer Science Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatic Control and Informatics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Central University of Haryana Haryana Mahendergarh123031 India Department of Information Technology Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Punjab Jalandhar India Department of Safety Engineering and Technical Systems Faculty of Production Engineering and Logistics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland

In response to the escalating demand for electricity, the aging process and inherent failures in power lines have become unavoidable challenges in their operational integrity. This research addresses the imperative need for a robust method to detect damage in power insulator disc images, introducing a novel feature extraction technique grounded in color intensity profile transformation and ensemble learning. For the purposes of the research, a specific dataset was developed based on publicly available images of power insulators. The collection consists of 9232 images of insulator discs which included 2184 images of damaged discs. The discernible damages include breakages and burnouts. Two distinct analysis variants were employed. In the first variant (V1), two classification groups were selected: disc with damages and disc without damages. In the second variant (V2), three classification groups were selected: discs without damage, broken discs, and burnout discs. The described research was divided into two successive stages. In the first of them (S1), the transformed color intensity profiles for the prepared data set were built and various machine learning models for their classification were trained and evaluated. In the next stage (S2), previously developed, highest efficient machine learning models, were used to make the detection of various damaged types of overhead line insulator discs. For the first stage of research high-performance results and a high value of the F1 score parameters were obtained (F1 score = 0.999 for the first variant (S1V1) and F1 score = 0.992 for the second variant (S1V2). In the second stage of research and the first variant (S2V1), the highest result of the F1 score was 0.932 and for the second variant (S2V2) F1 score was 0.930. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Utilizing faculty computers for Cryptocurrency Validation and Mining During Idle Time 33rd

Utilizing Faculty Computers for Cryptocurrency Validation an...

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33rd International Conference on Organization and technology of Maintenance, OTO 2024

作者： Švarcmajer, Miljenko Köhler, Mirko Marinčić, Juraj Perić, Juraj Faculty of Electrical Engineering Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek Osijek31000 Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031805967

In the world of cryptocurrencies, there is the possibility of participating in numerous processes in which some kind of reward is obtained, most often in the form of cryptocurrency. This paper investigates the possibilities of using laboratory computers at the faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computing and information Technologies in these processes when they are not used for teaching purposes. The hardware specifications of the computer were collected and an insight into the ways of cryptocurrency earnings mining and validation was provided. Mining is the most well-known earning process, and it was introduced with the Bitcoin cryptocurrency, and based on this cryptocurrency, this process is described in detail. Due to the hardware configuration of the computer, in this paper we focus on the profitability of CPU mining of cryptocurrencies that can be mined this way, namely Monero, Zephyr, Raptoreum, Skytere and Subi Network. This type of mining has been unprofitable for Bitcoin for years. Computing power does not have to be used only for the mining process. For example, Solana uses CPUs to validate transactions. This paper combines technical and economic analyses, taking into account computer specifications to assess the economic viability of cryptocurrency mining and validation on college computers. We highlight the importance of organization, maintenance, and economic factors in managing these processes, providing practical guidelines for optimal utilization of faculty resources for the purpose of cryptocurrency earnings. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Earnings

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An effective medical image fusion method utilizing moth-flame optimization and coupled neural P systems

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-41页

作者： Dinh, Phu-Hung Le, Thi-Hong-Ha Giang, Nguyen Long Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Thuyloi University 175 Tay Son Dong Da Hanoi Viet Nam Hong Duc University 565 Quang Trung Dong Ve Thanh Hoa Viet Nam Institute of Information Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Viet Nam Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Viet Nam

Medical image fusion is crucial for various applications, yet existing fusion models often encounter issues such as low quality, information loss, and insufficient contrast. This paper presents a novel approach to medical image fusion that directly addresses these challenges by enhancing brightness and contrast, improving overall image quality, and preserving essential structural features. Our method begins by decomposing input images into a base component and two detail components using a three-component decomposition (TCD) method with a truncated Huber filter (THF). The detail components are subsequently fused using an integrated approach combining the structure tensor saliency detection operator (STSDO), distance-weighted regional energy (DWRE), fast guided filter (FGF), and coupled neural P system (CNPS). The base components are then fused through an adaptive method guided by the moth-flame optimization (MFO) algorithm. To evaluate our approach, we used a dataset of 120 pairs of medical images and assessed performance with metrics such as QMLI, QCI, QAG, QAB/F, QP, QW, QE, and QCB. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly enhances brightness and contrast and more effectively preserves information compared to recent methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Image fusion

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Specification of Complex Analytics Workflows: A Formal Language Model of Decision Options 20th

Specification of Complex Analytics Workflows: A Formal Lang...

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20th International Conference on the Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services, GECON 2024

作者： Miri, Pouriya Kochovski, Petar Tuler de Oliveira, Marcela Stankovski, Vlado Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Engineering Systems Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783031812255

The specification of experiments expressed as Complex Analytics Workflows is a complex task that involves many decision-making steps with various degrees of complexity. The use of the context, the expert knowledge, and the potential for its sharing and reuse in the context of experiment specification have not been addressed sufficiently until now. Moreover, to make such knowledge instrumental, it should be coupled with specific probabilistic measures, such as particular assurances, ranking, and verification of various options. The paper aims to present a novel semantic model for probabilistic reasoning in any experimentation context coupled with a functional system for knowledge generation, reuse, and sharing. The result of our work can be used within existing experimentation engines. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Markov processes

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