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ABL-SMOTE: A Novel Resampling Method by Handling Noisy and Borderline Challenge for Imbalanced Dataset for Software Defect Prediction

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 78781-78794页

作者： Bashir, Kamal Abdelwahab Ghorashi, Sara Ahmed, Ali Khader, Abdolraheem Karary University College of Computer Science and Information Technology Department of Information Technology Omdurman12304 Sudan Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Computer Sciences P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China

Machine learning algorithms face important implementation difficulties due to imbalanced learning since the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) helps improve performance through the creation of new minority class examples in feature space before preprocessing. The underlying problem leading to performance deterioration emerges from noise and boundary instances found in the minority class rather than an excessive imbalance ratio. Noise and marginal samples become problematic during oversampling operations since they reduce the performance of classification models. This paper proposes an advanced version of Borderline-SMOTE (BL-SMOTE), called ABL-SMOT approach that utilizes INFFC for noise filtering to optimize data quality in the dataset. This improvement method for minority class sample placement and noise filtering ensures higher classifier performance through ABL-SMOTE. The proposed technique receives assessment through the usage of software defect datasets along with multiple testing classifiers against conventional data sampling procedures. The experimental outcomes show that ABL-SMOTE performs better than alternative approaches in most tested datasets because it is an effective preprocessing tool for imbalanced classification problems. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Software testing

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An Efficient Two-State Feature Attention-Based GRU for Text Classification

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第15期49卷 95-112页

作者： Mohammed, Dhurgham Ali Patel, Kalyani A. Faculty of Computer Science Gujarat University Ahmedabad India Department of Computer Science Faculty of Education for Girl University of Kufa Iraq K.S. School of Business Management and Information Technology Gujarat University India

Text classification has become crucial for mechanically sorting documents into specific categories. The goal of classification is to assign a predefined group or class to an instance based on its characteristics. To attain precise text categorization, a feature selection scheme is employed to categorize significant features and eliminate irrelevant, undesirable, and noisy ones, thereby reducing the dimensionality of the feature space. Many advanced deep learning algorithms have been developed to handle text classification drawbacks. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are broadly employed in text classification tasks. In this paper, we referred to a novel Two-state GRU based on a Feature Attention strategy, known as Two-State Feature Attention GRU (TS-FA-GRU). The proposed framework identifies and categorizes word polarity through consecutive mechanisms and word-feature capture. Furthermore, the developed study incorporates a pre-feature attention TS-FA-GRU to capture essential features at an early stage, followed by a post-feature attention GRU that mimics the decoder’s function to refine the extracted features. To enhance computational performance, the reset gate in the ordinary GRU is replaced with an update gate, which helps to reduce redundancy and complexity. The effectiveness of the developed model was tested on five benchmark text datasets and compared with five well-established traditional text classification methods. The proposed TS-FA-GRU model demonstrated superior performance over several traditional approaches regarding convergence rate and accuracy. Experimental outcomes revealed that the TS-FA-GRU model achieved excellent text classification accuracies of 93.86%, 92.69%, 94.73%, 92.46%, and 88.23 on the 20NG, R21578, AG News, IMDB, and Amazon review dataset respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that the proposed model effectively minimized the loss function and captured long-term dependencies, leading to exceptional outcomes when compared to the

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Enhancing Performance of Machine Learning Models in Healthcare: An Analytical Framework for Assessing and Improving Data Quality 5th

Enhancing Performance of Machine Learning Models in Healthca...

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5th International Conference on Advances in information Communication technology and Computing, AICTC 2024

作者： Al-Hgaish, Areen Atan, Rodziah Yaakob, Razali Osman, Mohd Hafeez Department of Software Engineering and Information Systems Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang44330 Malaysia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang44330 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819761050

The utilization of Data-Driven Machine Learning (DDML) models in the healthcare sector poses unique challenges due to the crucial nature of clinical decision-making and its impact on patient outcomes. A primary concern in this domain is the data quality that forms the basis for these models, which is essential for their effectiveness. While numerous studies are dedicated to leveraging Machine Learning (ML) to enhance patient care, a substantial gap exists in understanding and evaluating the quality of training data before training ML models. This issue is exacerbated by the lack of well-defined standards to ensure that data characteristics align with the specific goals of ML in healthcare. To address this, our study introduces a conceptual three-dimensional framework focusing on data accuracy, completeness, and consistency aimed at assessing and improving the quality of training data. This framework is designed to enhance the performance, predictability, and interpretability of healthcare-specific ML models and reduce biases, thus bridging current research gaps and laying the groundwork for future developments in ML-driven healthcare systems. This paper presents the initial step for our proposed Data Quality Framework (DQF), which addresses the three dimensions mentioned above. It discusses its potential implications and applications in healthcare data, and its main goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the proposed DQF, illustrating its significance in advancing healthcare data quality and ultimately improving patient outcomes. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Data accuracy

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Multisource Data Fusion Using MLP for Human Activity Recognition

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2109-2136页

作者： Sujittra Sarakon Wansuree Massagram Kreangsak Tamee Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Faculty of ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulok65000Thailand Center of Excellence for Innovation and Technology for Detection and Advanced Materials(ITDAM) Faculty of ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulok65000Thailand Center of Excellence in Nonlinear Analysis and Optimizations Faculty of ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulok65000Thailand

This research investigates the application of multisource data fusion using a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) for Human Activity Recognition (HAR). The study integrates four distinct open-source datasets—WISDM, DaLiAc, MotionSense, and PAMAP2—to develop a generalized MLP model for classifying six human activities. Performance analysis of the fused model for each dataset reveals accuracy rates of 95.83 for WISDM, 97 for DaLiAc, 94.65 for MotionSense, and 98.54 for PAMAP2. A comparative evaluation was conducted between the fused MLP model and the individual dataset models, with the latter tested on separate validation sets. The results indicate that the MLP model, trained on the fused dataset, exhibits superior performance relative to the models trained on individual datasets. This finding suggests that multisource data fusion significantly enhances the generalization and accuracy of HAR systems. The improved performance underscores the potential of integrating diverse data sources to create more robust and comprehensive models for activity recognition.

关键词： Multisource data fusion human activity recognition multi-layer perceptron(MLP) artificial intelligent

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A Novel 3D Paradigm for Target Expansion of Augmented Reality SSVEP

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IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 2025年 33卷 1562-1573页

作者： Cao, Beining Li-Ting Tsai, Charlie Zhou, Nan Do, Thomas Lin, Chin-Teng University of Technology Sydney Computational Intelligence and Brain-Computer Interfaces Laboratory Australian AI Institute Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology School of Computer Science UltimoNSW2007 Australia

Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) have proven to be practical in Brain-computer Interfaces (BCI), particularly when integrated with augmented reality (AR) for real-world application. However, unlike conventional computer screen-based SSVEP (CS-SSVEP), which benefits from stable experimental environments, AR-based SSVEP (AR-SSVEP) systems are susceptible to the interference of real-world environment and device instability. Particularly, the performance of AR-SSVEP significantly declines as the target frequency increases. Therefore, our study introduced a 3D paradigm that combines flicker frequency with rotation patterns as stimuli, enabling expansion of target sets without additional frequencies. In the proposed design, in addition to the conventional frequency-based SSVEP feature, bio-marker elicited by visual perception of rotation was investigated. An experimental comparison between this novel 3D paradigm and a traditional 2D approach, which increases targets by adding frequencies, reveals significant advantages. The 12-class 3D paradigm achieved an accuracy of 76.5% and an information transfer rate (ITR) of 70.42 bits/min using 1-second EEG segments. In contrast, the 2D paradigm exhibited a lower performance with 72.07% accuracy and 62.28 bits/min ITR. The result underscores the 3D paradigm’s superiority in enhancing the practical applications of SSVEP-based BCIs in AR settings, especially with shorter time windows, by effectively expanding target recognition without compromising system efficiency. © 2001-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Energy and QoS-aware virtual machine placement approach for IaaS cloud datacenter

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第4期37卷 2211-2237页

作者： Elsedimy, E.I. Herajy, Mostafa Abohashish, Sara M. M. Department of Information Technology Management Faculty of Management Technology and Information Systems Port Said University Port Said Egypt Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science Port Said University Port Said Egypt Cyber Secuirty Department Faculty of Science Al-Esraa University College Baghdad Iraq

Virtualization technology enables cloud providers to abstract, hide, and manage the underlying physical resources of cloud data centers in a flexible and scalable manner. It allows placing multiple independent virtual machines (VMs) on a single server in order to improve resource utilization and energy efficiency. However, determining the optimal VM placement is crucial as it directly impacts load balancing, energy consumption, and performance degradation within the data center. Furthermore, deciding on VM placement based on a single factor is usually insufficient to improve data center performance because many factors must be considered, and ignoring them may be too expensive. This paper improves a new multi-objective VM placement (MVMP) algorithm using a quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) technique. We call it QPSO-MOVMP, and its objective is to find the Pareto optimal solution for the VM placement problem by balancing different goals. This algorithm generates Pareto optimal solutions that save power by minimizing the number of running physical machines, avoid performance degradation by maintaining service level agreement (SLA), and improve load balancing by keeping server loads at optimal utilization. The experimental results show that QPSO-MOVMP had superior performance in terms of power consumption and performance degradation compared to three other multi-objective algorithms and three conventional single-objective algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed QPSO-MOVMP achieves a consumption of 2.4 × 104 watts in power. Furthermore, it outperformed the others, achieving a minimum of 12% SLA breaches while experiencing a significant surge in requests from VMs. Moreover, the proposed model generated Pareto solutions that had a better distribution than those derived from a comparative method. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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Job Resumes Recommendation using Integration of Fuzzy Discernibility Matrix Feature Selection and Convolutional Neural Network Multi-label Text Classification

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第13期49卷 49-58页

作者： Hayami, Regiolina Yusoff, Nooraini Daud, Kauthar Mohd Fatma, Yulia Department of Informatics Engineering Faculty Computer Science Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau Indonesia Faculty of Data Science and Computing Universiti Malaysia Kelantan 16100 Malaysia Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Malaysia

The manual analysis of job resumes poses specific challenges, including the time-intensive process and the high likelihood of human error, emphasizing the need for automation in content-based recommendations. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for Multi-label Text Classification (MLTC), offer a promising solution for addressing these challenges through artificial intelligence. While CNN is renowned for its robust feature extraction capabilities, it faces specific challenges such as managing high-dimensional data and poor data interpretability. To address these limitations, this study employs the Fuzzy Discernibility Matrix (FDM) feature selection technique to determine the relevance of skills for each job vacancy. FDM assigns weights to the features of each job category and ranks their relevance based on the highest scores, which are then utilized in the MLTC CNN model. The integration of FDM and MLTC CNN serves as the foundation for generating content-based recommendations derived from key features in job resumes. This study produces a content-based job recommendation system that displays the top three job categories, accompanied by explanations of the skills supporting each selected category. These recommendations also consider cosine similarity values between analyzed items and the integrated results of FDM and MLTC CNN. The application of FDM for feature weighting has been proven to enhance multi-label text classification outcomes by providing better insights during the feature selection process. With a recall of 97.26%, precision of 94.81%, and accuracy of 98.58%, the MLTC model integrating FDM feature selection and CNN demonstrates robust performance characteristics in content-based job recommendation tasks. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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On Reliability of the Extrema Propagation Technique in Random Environment 28

On Reliability of the Extrema Propagation Technique in Rando...

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28th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, OPODIS 2024

作者： Cichoń, Jacek Dworzański, Dawid Gotfryd, Karol Department of Fundamentals of Computer Science Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783959773607

We study the reliability of the following simple mechanism for spreading information in a communication network in the presence of random message loss. Initially, some nodes have information that they want to distribute throughout the network. Each node that has received the information tries to broadcast it to all its neighbors. However, due to interference or communication failures, each transmission between two nodes is broken independently with some fixed probability. This transmission mechanism is the basis for the extrema propagation technique, proposed and analyzed in [2, 3, 10]. Extrema propagation is a simple but powerful method of spreading the extreme values stored by the nodes. In a fully reliable environment, only the number of rounds equal to the network diameter is required for all nodes to be informed. It was shown empirically in [2] that it also performs well in the presence of link failures and message loss. Extrema propagation is an algorithmic framework that was adopted for designing efficient method for distributed data aggregation, such as estimation of cardinalities, sums, and averages, estimation of data distribution via histograms and random sampling (cf. [3, 19]). In this paper, we propose a formal network model in which random transmission failures occur and analyze the operation time of the extrema propagation technique for any connected network graph. We provide new general probabilistic upper bounds on the number of rounds needed to spread the extreme values that depend only on the number of nodes, the diameter of the network, and the probability of successful transmission. For some special families of graphs, we also derive specific, more accurate estimates. Our theoretical and experimental results confirm the reliability and efficiency of the extrema propagation technique in faulty or noisy environments. © Jacek Cichoń, Dawid Dworzański, and Karol Gotfryd.

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks

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Automatic Task Classification of Software Projects for Planning and Simulation 25th

Automatic Task Classification of Software Projects for Pla...

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Topical Area: Software, System and Service Engineering, S3E 2024, Held as Part of FedCSIS 2024, and 25th Conference on Practical Aspects of and Solutions for Software Engineering, KKIO 2024, held as part of SEAA 2024

作者： Wysocki, Wlodzimierz Ochodek, Miroslaw Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Szczecin Poland Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications Poznan University of Technology Poznan Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031849121

Background: information about project tasks stored in Issue tracking systems (ITS) can be used for project analytics or process simulation. However, such issues must be classified beforehand. Considering the number of tasks stored in ITS, this task shall be done automatically. Aims: Our research aims to build an automatic recurring Jira issue classification model based on types and textual descriptions to enable the practical application of the model for software project planning and management. Method: We study a dataset from six industrial projects containing 9.6K tasks and augment it with an additional dataset of 91K task descriptions from other industrial projects to up-sample minority classes during training. We labeled the data using a semi-manual, active-learning-based method. We perform ten runs of 10-fold cross-validation for each project and evaluate classifiers using a set of state-of-the-art prediction quality metrics, i.e., Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score, and MCC. Our machine-learning pipeline includes a Transformer-based sentence embedder (‘mxbai-embed-large-v1’) and an XGBoost classifier. We also study the impact of task-classification errors on project staffing issues. Results: The model automatically classifies software process tasks into 14 classes with MCCs ranging from 0.69 to 0.88. We built a confusion matrix that showed the most frequently confused task classes. We analyzed the consequences of classification errors. Conclusions: The study’s results enable the practical application of the software process model to analyze, plan, and manage software development projects. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Application programs

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An Automated Contrast Enhancement Approach for Aerial Images

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Traitement du Signal 2025年第2期42卷 607-615页

作者： Elaraby, Ahmed Elmannai, Hela Alkanhel, Reem Ibrahim Basaqr, Ahad Fahd Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information South Valley University Qena83523 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Science Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Real-world applications benefit greatly from aerial imagery. Various modern applications utilizing aerial images;however, these images are often low-contrast due to imperfect atmospheric conditions and limitations in the imaging systems. Many methods exist to enhance the quality of aerial images, yet not all of them capable of producing desired results. Some may have high complexity, and others may require numerous inputs. On the other hand, it is observed that a low-contrast impact that is difficult to prevent throughout the data collection process degrades the quality of aerial images a lot. As a result, in this paper a novel method for improving aerial image contrast has been presented. Hence a two-phase approach for increasing contrast and remapping the intensities of an aerial image to its native dynamic range has been presented in this paper. Additionally, a regularization technique is provided using the two-step regularization and mapping procedures. For image quality assessment (IQA), two performance assessment metrics;measure of enhancement (EME) and Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) have been suggested to measure the quality of the results of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach increases the contrast of aerial image substantially as compared with other widely contrast enhancement methods. ©2025 The authors.

关键词： Aerial photography

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