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The Future of Online Shopping: Blockchain- Powered E-Commerce Platforms

The Future of Online Shopping: Blockchain- Powered E-Commerc...

2024 International Conference on Signal Processing, Computation, Electronics, Power and Telecommunication, IConSCEPT 2024

作者： Kiran, Ajmeera Sri, Nemani Divya Ayyasamy, Ramesh Kumar Chinnasamy, P. Vellanki, Sreelakshmi Vujwala, Maddula MLR Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hyderabad India Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Kampar Malaysia School of Computing Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tamilnadu India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540685

A cutting-edge online marketplace that uses blockchain technology to transform how we purchase and sell goods and services is known as a blockchain- powered e-commerce platform. This platform uses a decentralized network of computers, also known as nodes, to maintain a transparent and impenetrable record of all transactions instead of depending on a central authority like a bank or a company. A blockchain-based e-commerce platform is a secure, transparent, and trusted online marketplace. It does away with the need for intermediaries, improves security, and provides a world market where users can confidently conduct peer-to-peer transactions. This novel strategy could change how online commerce and shopping are performed. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Marketplaces

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Dual-Channel MEMS Actuated Tunable Optical Filter Based on Polarization Insensitive Compound Ring Resonator for DWDM Networks 11th

Dual-Channel MEMS Actuated Tunable Optical Filter Based on P...

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11th EAI International Conference on Advancement of science and Technology, ICAST 2023

作者： Ayalew, Hailu Dessalegn Talabattula, Srinivas Annamalai, Pushparaghavan Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Bahir Dar University-Institute of Technology Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Electrical Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031641503

One of the key components of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks is tunable optical filters (TOFs). This paper focused on the theoretical analysis and design of a new dual-channel micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) actuated tunable optical filter based on polarization insensitive compound ring resonators (PICRRs) for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical networking applications. It is basically structured on an optimally designed capacitive type microcantilever beam, which is fixed at both ends, with built-in PICRRs, which are placed at both fixed ends of the beam to gain linearly varying longitudinal strain and stress on the resonators. Also, the dimensions of the rings are properly chosen to achieve a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.4078 nm with a flat pass band at 1 dB of 0.3626 nm and a good shape factor for both channels. It also shows a free spectral range of about 20.05 nm for the first channel and 20.046 nm for the second channel, with a high extinction ratio that allows filtering of adjacent channels of 50 GHz DWDM systems. Thus, when the electrostatic attraction force (EAF) is applied, the beam will bend, which induces strain and stress in the rings, which brings a change in effective refractive index of the rings and also affects the perimeter and coupling coefficients of the rings that leads to a change in the output spectrum shift, providing the tunability as high as 4.779 nm/μN, and it is capable of tuning up to 355 GHz with negligible variations of FWHM and channel spacing within the tunability range of the two channels. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Dense wavelength division multiplexing

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Breaking demodulation limitations:AWG and Deep Learning in Dynamic Spectral Reconstruction for Differential FBG Accelerometers

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 19210-19222页

作者： Yang, Qian Liu, Lei Niu, Ning Quan, ChenYi Ren, SuFen Chen, ShengChao Zhang, JiaLin Yan, YuMeng Xiang, LongTeng Wang, YiPing Liao, ChangRui He, Jun Wang, GuanJun School of Information and Communication Engineering Hainan University College of Electronic Science and Technology China Henan Mechanical and Electrical Vocational College School of Electrical Engineering Henan451100 China Hainan University College of Electronic Science and Technology School of Information and Communication Engineering Haikou570228 China University of Technology Sydney School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology SydneyNSW Australia Hainan University College of Electronic Science and Technology Haikou570228 China Shenzhen University School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen518060 China

Conventional fiber Bragg grating (FBG) accelerometer demodulation often suffers from high environmental sensitivity, complexity, and cost. To address these issues, this paper presents two arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)-based dynamic spectral reconstruction models. First, a novel differential FBG accelerometer with an equal-intensity triangular cantilever beam and a symmetric string-like design enhances sensitivity and mitigates temperature interference. A power ratio-nonlinear logarithmic regression (PR-NLR) model derived from static calibration then enables spectral reconstruction and wavelength demodulation across varying accelerations, achieving 4-82pm accuracy, slightly below that of high-speed demodulators (HSD). Next, by integrating convolutional neural networks (CNN), bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), attention mechanisms, and a generative adversarial network (GAN) for data augmentation, prediction errors drop to 1-26pm at 20Hz and 0.2-21pm at 40Hz-a reduction of at least 60% over PR-NLR. This outcome underscores the advantages of deep learning (DL) in managing complex spectral shifts. By overcoming frequency-only demodulation limits, the proposed AWG approach achieves precise wavelength demodulation through dynamic spectral reconstruction. Its compact design, low manufacturing cost, and robust performance facilitate scalable deployment in structural health monitoring, particularly for bridge vibration analysis and industrial machinery diagnostics. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Arrayed waveguide gratings

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Investigations and Time Estimation on Federated Learning for Future Internet of Vehicles

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17387-17398页

作者： Fukumoto, Shun Li, Ruidong Zeng, Kai Nan, Haihan Su, Zhou Kanazawa University Intelligent Computation and Network Laboratory Division of Electrical Information and Communication Engineering Kanazawa920-1192 Japan Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Information Engineering Automation Kunming066000 China Kanazawa University Division of Electrical Information and Communication Engineering Kanazawa920-1192 Japan George Mason University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department FairfaxVA22030 United States Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi’an710049 China

For future Internet of Vehicles (IoV), communications and computing will converge to provide services. Federated learning (FL), as one of the typical distributed computing technologies, needs to be integrated with IoV. For such integration, FL suffers from the straggler effect that the entire learning speed is lowered down, because of the existence of the devices, such as low-powered road side units and vehicles, taking more time to complete their tasks. Although the existing mechanisms reduce straggler effects by adopting asynchronous mechanisms and clustering mechanisms, they lack the detailed analysis of the reasons and the impacts of each cause, leading to inefficiencies in the design of algorithm. Additionally, most of the existing work only considered the impact of a single factor in computation, communication, or data distribution, which lacks comprehensive on research for causes of stragglers effects. The bottleneck is that it is laborious to observe the time delay precisely with the existing high-calculating evaluations. In this article, we elaborately explore the effects of computing power, communication capability, and data distributions on the straggler effects with carefully designing and conducting the extensive experiments. After investigations, we propose a novel learning completion time estimation formula for low computing capability devices with mini-batch stochastic gradient decent (SGD). We compare our proposed estimation formula with the one based on floating operation per second (FLOPs). Through the evaluations, our formula can demonstrate the improvement up to 72.4% at docker and 32.4% at Raspberry Pi device compared to the existing work. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Evaluation and Design Criterion for Pulse-shaped AFDM

Evaluation and Design Criterion for Pulse-shaped AFDM

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2024 IEEE Global communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2024

作者： Yin, Haoran Tang, Yanqun Li, Shuangyang Zhou, Yu Yi, Cong Sun Yat-sen University School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shenzhen China Technical University of Berlin Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351255

Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) is a promising chirp-based waveform designed for communications in high-mobility scenarios. In this paper, the pulse shaping for AFDM over doubly selective channels (DSC) is investigated. We first develop the pulse-shaped AFDM (PS-AFDM) system, where different transmit pulses and receive pulses can be used for each chirp carrier. Based on that, we formulate the impacts of pulse shaping on the input-output relationship of PS-AFDM system with fractional delay and fractional Doppler shifts. In particular, we reveal that there exists inter-pulse interference (IPI) within the pilot region and inter-region interference (IRI) between the pilot region and the data region in the AFDM/PS-AFDM received symbols. To provide an instructive guideline for interference suppression, we elaborate how the adopted transmit and receive pulses determine the IPI and IRI. Furthermore, we demonstrate that applying the pulse-shaping window with low sidelobe levels in PS-AFDM can suppress the IPI and IRI, facilitating the channel estimation and signal detection processes significantly. Simulations verify that the proposed PS-AFDM systems can achieve lower overhead and higher accuracy channel estimation compared to the conventional AFDM systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Channel estimation

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Combining Entropy Optimization and Sobel Operator for Medical Image Fusion

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第1期44卷 535-544页

作者： Nguyen Tu Trung Tran Thi Ngan Tran Manh Tuan To Huu Nguyen Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Thuyloi University175 Tay SonDong DaHanoi010000Vietnam University of Information and Communication Technology Thai Nguyen UniversityThai Nguyen240000Vietnam

Fusing medical images is a topic of interest in processing medical *** is achieved to through fusing information from multimodality images for the purpose of increasing the clinical diagnosis *** fusion aims to improve the image quality and preserve the specific *** methods of medical image fusion generally use knowledge in many differentfields such as clinical medicine,computer vision,digital imaging,machine learning,pattern recognition to fuse different medical *** are two main approaches in fusing image,including spatial domain approach and transform domain *** paper proposes a new algorithm to fusion multimodal *** algorithm is based on Entropy optimization and the Sobel *** transform is used to split the input images into components over the low and high frequency ***,two fusion rules are used for obtaining the fusing *** rule,based on the Sobel operator,is used for high frequency *** second rule,based on Entropy optimization by using Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm,is used for low frequency *** algorithm is implemented on the images related to central nervous system *** experimental results of the paper show that the proposed algorithm is better than some recent methods in term of brightness level,the contrast,the entropy,the gradient and visual informationfidelity for fusion(VIFF),Feature Mutual Information(FMI)indices.

关键词： Medical image fusion wavelet entropy optimization PSO Sobel operator

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The Effectiveness of CNN-Based Models in Macroscopic Motion Direction Detection 6

The Effectiveness of CNN-Based Models in Macroscopic Motion ...

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6th International Conference on Robotics and computer Vision, ICRCV 2024

作者： Qiu, Zhiyu Chen, Tianqi Hua, Yuxiao Todo, Yuki Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology Kanazawa University Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa Japan Kanazawa University Faculty of Electrical Information and Communication Engineering Kanazawa Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527426

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have revolutionized the field of computer vision, offering significant advancements in image and video recognition, classification, and segmentation tasks. Leveraging hierarchical pattern recognition capabilities, CNNs have demonstrated superior performance over traditional machine learning methods. One particularly critical application of CNNs is in motion direction detection, which is essential for enhancing security in surveillance systems, ensuring safe navigation in autonomous vehicles, and providing valuable insights in sports analytics. In this study, our primary goal was to investigate how different types of input data impact the accuracy of motion direction detection. We applied five distinct preprocessing methods to test the effect of input data on accuracy. Furthermore, we conducted experiments in various object and background scenarios to evaluate adaptability of simple 4-layer CNN, EfficientNetBO and ResNet50 in detecting motion direction. Finally, we tested the noise resistance of these three models. The results indicate that CNNs are capable of extracting the macroscopic motion direction of objects in images. Our study highlights the potential of CNN-based models for efficient and effective motion direction detection. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Towards Non-Invasive Swallowing Assessment: An AI-Powered Interface for Swallowing Kinematic Analysis using High-Resolution Cervical Auscultation 46

Towards Non-Invasive Swallowing Assessment: An AI-Powered In...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Luo, Yuewen Anwar, Ayman Ren, Siyi Coyle, James L. Sejdic, Ervin University of Toronto Division of Engineering Science Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering TorontoON Canada University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering TorontoON Canada University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Department of Communication Science and Disorders PittsburghPA United States University of Toronto North York General Hospital Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering TorontoON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Swallowing is a pivotal physiological function for human sustenance and hydration. Dysfunctions, termed dysphagia, necessitate prompt and precise diagnosis. Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) remain the gold standard for swallowing assessment but pose accessibility and radiation exposure concerns. High-resolution cervical auscultation (HRCA) presents a non-invasive alternative with comparable accuracy. Yet, existing studies have only assessed HRCA in tandem with VFSS, without applying it to clinical settings. We propose an AI-enhanced PC software deploying HRCA for real-time bedside swallowing screening. This software proficiently detects abnormalities and precisely measures key kinematic events, including upper esophageal sphincter opening and laryngeal vestibule closure duration. The system was evaluated through two studies, encompassing a VFSS comparative analysis and a usability study. Our findings underscored the software's superior operational efficiency and diagnostic accuracy, positioning our HRCA-based system as a refined and pragmatic alternative for dysphagia assessment. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： User centered design

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Enhancing structural health monitoring with AI-ML algorithms: a focus on crack detection and prediction

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Asian Journal of Civil engineering 2025年第5期26卷 1907-1918页

作者： Bader, Ahmad Shtayat, Amir Al-Mistarehi, Bara’ Communication and Computer Department Faculty of Engineering Jadara University Irbid Jordan Department of City Planning and Design Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan Department of Civil Engineering Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan

SHM is a very important process in terms of the safety and durability of infrastructure. Traditional SHM often faces problems detecting minor structural defects and handling large datasets. Therefore, certain more advanced approaches are called for. The paper discussed the applications of AI and ML algorithms, such as CatBoost and the African Vultures Optimization Algorithm, for such challenges. The research is based on a unique dataset of 8,541 rows and diverse features, developing a predictive framework that enhances crack detection and forecast capabilities. The approach mainly deals with heterogeneous data using the CatBoost algorithm, given its capability for high-accuracy predictions, while AVOA optimizes feature selection, reduces the computational cost, and guarantees no loss in model performance. This methodology has resulted in a significant enhancement of the prediction accuracy, which states the importance of AI-ML integration in SHM. The key results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model in detecting structural anomalies and crack propagation to enable proactive maintenance strategies. This study’s contributions have gone toward advancing SHM with scalable and efficient AI-ML frameworks, enabling real-time monitoring for better infrastructure management. Such development might have a transforming potential to cut down on maintenance costs and enhance operational safety, thus further encouraging sustainable infrastructure systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： African vultures optimization algorithm CatBoost Crack Detection Feature selection Machine learning Structural health monitoring

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Lung sound disease detection using attention over pre-trained efficientnet architecture

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-35页

作者： Nair, Anuja Vadher, Himanshu Patel, Pal Vyas, Tarjni Bhatt, Chintan Bruno, Alessandro Department of Computer Science & amp Engineering School of Technology Nirma University Gujarat Ahmedabad382481 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gujarat Gandhinagar382007 India Department of Business Law Economics Consumer Behaviour ’Carlo A. Ricciardi’ Faculty of Communication IULM University Milan20143 Italy

Air pollution has been on the rise for quite a while now and with it is the increasing number of cases involving respiratory diseases. These respiratory diseases range from the mild ones to the most severe ones. Therefore, we need to detect these diseases. The most efficient way of checking the health of the lung is through the use of lung sounds. But the lung sounds carry with them the minute variations that a doctor or any human sometimes misses. To tackle the same, this paper proposes a deep learning model that detects a person’s lung disease by processing lung sounds. The ICBHI 2017 dataset comprising the lung sound audios and their corresponding labels is used to train the proposed model. The dataset consists of lung sounds and some additional background noise has been removed using the bandpass Butterworth filter, whose frequency range has been set to 250Hz - 2000Hz. Later, the amount of data is multiplied through data augmentation for audio signals. The augmented data is later converted to mel spectrograms, which are, in turn, fed into the deep learning model. The model that gives the best accuracy is EfficientNet-B0 + attention with a training accuracy of 99.72%, validation accuracy of 99.82%, precision, recall and f1-scores of 99.82% as well. Furthermore, a comparison of the pre-trained model’s training and inference times has been performed. Although the proposed model takes a significant amount of training time, it takes the least amount of inference time compared to the other pre-trained models that have been tested. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Butterworth filters

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