KAGRA is a 3-km interferometric gravitational wave telescope located in the Kamioka mine in Japan. It is the first km-class gravitational wave telescope constructed underground to reduce seismic noise, and the first k...
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It is a matter of fact that Europe is facing more and more crucial challenges regarding health and social care due to the demographic change and the current economic context. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has stressed ...
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It is a matter of fact that Europe is facing more and more crucial challenges regarding health and social care due to the demographic change and the current economic context. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has stressed this situation even further, thus highlighting the need for taking action. Active and Assisted Living (AAL) technologies come as a viable approach to help facing these challenges, thanks to the high potential they have in enabling remote care and support. Broadly speaking, AAL can be referred to as the use of innovative and advanced Information and Communication Technologies to create supportive, inclusive and empowering applications and environments that enable older, impaired or frail people to live independently and stay active longer in society. AAL capitalizes on the growing pervasiveness and effectiveness of sensing and computing facilities to supply the persons in need with smart assistance, by responding to their necessities of autonomy, independence, comfort, security and safety. The application scenarios addressed by AAL are complex, due to the inherent heterogeneity of the end-user population, their living arrangements, and their physical conditions or impairment. Despite aiming at diverse goals, AAL systems should share some common characteristics. They are designed to provide support in daily life in an invisible, unobtrusive and user-friendly manner. Moreover, they are conceived to be intelligent, to be able to learn and adapt to the requirements and requests of the assisted people, and to synchronise with their specific needs. Nevertheless, to ensure the uptake of AAL in society, potential users must be willing to use AAL applications and to integrate them in their daily environments and lives. In this respect, video- and audio-based AAL applications have several advantages, in terms of unobtrusiveness and information richness. Indeed, cameras and microphones are far less obtrusive with respect to the hindrance other wearable sensors may
Teeth segmentation and recognition are critical in various dental applications and dental diagnosis. Automatic and accurate segmentation approaches have been made possible by integrating deep learning models. Although...
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With biodiversity loss escalating globally, a step change is needed in our capacity to accurately monitor species populations across ecosystems. Robotic and autonomous systems (RAS) offer technological solutions that ...
With biodiversity loss escalating globally, a step change is needed in our capacity to accurately monitor species populations across ecosystems. Robotic and autonomous systems (RAS) offer technological solutions that may substantially advance terrestrial biodiversity monitoring, but this potential is yet to be considered systematically. We used a modified Delphi technique to synthesize knowledge from 98 biodiversity experts and 31 RAS experts, who identified the major methodological barriers that currently hinder monitoring, and explored the opportunities and challenges that RAS offer in overcoming these barriers. Biodiversity experts identified four barrier categories: site access, species and individual identification, data handling and storage, and power and network availability. Robotics experts highlighted technologies that could overcome these barriers and identified the developments needed to facilitate RAS-based autonomous biodiversity monitoring. Some existing RAS could be optimized relatively easily to survey species but would require development to be suitable for monitoring of more 'difficult' taxa and robust enough to work under uncontrolled conditions within ecosystems. Other nascent technologies (for instance, new sensors and biodegradable robots) need accelerated research. Overall, it was felt that RAS could lead to major progress in monitoring of terrestrial biodiversity by supplementing rather than supplanting existing methods. Transdisciplinarity needs to be fostered between biodiversity and RAS experts so that future ideas and technologies can be codeveloped effectively.
Hyperspectral (HS) imaging is a valuable technique for accurately classifying materials because of the abundance of spectral information and high resolution it provides. However, the characteristics of Hyperspectral i...
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Hyperspectral (HS) imaging is a valuable technique for accurately classifying materials because of the abundance of spectral information and high resolution it provides. However, the characteristics of Hyperspectral images (HSI), such as high-dimensional features and information redundancy, pose significant challenges to data processing. Traditional dimensionality reduction methods often have information loss, high computational complexity, and easy to ignore the strong correlation between HSI spectral bands when dealing with HSI data. Although other methods can achieve satisfactory classification performance, they do not consider the dimensionality reduction of HSI, and they focus on the model performance, which limits further improvement in classification performance. This paper proposes a transformer-based framework called “SpectrumRecombineFormer” (SRF), which is composed of two key modules, namely “Spatial Spectral ReCombination” (SSRC) and “Cross-layer Fusion” (CF). The SSRC is capable of utilizing both adjacent and non-adjacent spectrums to generate the spatial-sequential perceptive representations, which alleviates the effect of the strong correlation between HSI spectral bands. The CF can avoid the loss of information during the feed-forward procedure among layers. Extensive experiments on five existing datasets (widely-adopted Indian Pines, Houston2013, Pavia University, Salinas and KSC) demonstrate the capability of our proposed method to address the above mentioned challenges. Both quantitative and qualitative experimental ablation studies, including visualization results, reveal that the proposed SRF method can successfully and efficiently classify hyperspectral images and surpass the other state-of-the-art methods. For access to the source code, please visit https://***/kangpeilun/SRF-HSI-Classification-master.
This paper is a continuation of our previous paper under the same topic, MANET testbed using mobile robot technology. In our previous paper, we studied the topic by scrutinizing all the technical aspects and presented...
This paper is a continuation of our previous paper under the same topic, MANET testbed using mobile robot technology. In our previous paper, we studied the topic by scrutinizing all the technical aspects and presented it as a technical review. However in this paper, we study the topic and presents it as a critical review that dwells into four aspect, namely (i) purpose, accessibility and scope of testbed facilities, (ii) usability and controllability of robot mobility in t estbed facilities, (iii) repeatability and reproducibility of real mobility in t estbeds, and (iv) tools for MANET implementation, deployment and debugging for experiments. With the wealth of information on the topic provided in this paper, the content of this paper is expected to be a source of reference for MANET researchers who are at a crossroad when selecting the preferred mobile robot technology and approach to suit their own specific needs.
Intraoperative tracking of laparoscopic instruments is often a prerequisite for computer and roboticassisted interventions. While numerous methods for detecting, segmenting and tracking of medical instruments based on...
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The paper describes an application of relational structure-independent database for the design of user-configurable information system aimed at the intellectual support of clinical risk management in a hospital. The s...
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The paper describes an application of relational structure-independent database for the design of user-configurable information system aimed at the intellectual support of clinical risk management in a hospital. The system represents a clinical decision support system (CDSS) and includes three modules: prevention of hospital-acquired adverse events (HA-AE), HA-AE prevention processes and audit of HA-AE cases. Thanks to flexible system configuration and graphic user interface, the clinical experts are able to compose complex knowledge artifacts directly working with the system, without engagement of knowledge engineers for supporting knowledge formalization or highly skilled professionals to ensure the physical layer performance. The successful practical approval of CDSS in a medical facility opens up prospects for a new level of cognitive support for diagnostic and treatment processes, patient safety improvement and healthcare costs reduction.
Promptable segmentation foundation models have emerged as a transformative approach to addressing the diverse needs in medical images, but most existing models require expensive computing, posing a big barrier to thei...
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One of the techniques which can be used to quantitatively evaluate images statistically is the so-called random-walk approach. The resulting Hurst exponent is a measure of the complexity of the picture. Especially lon...
One of the techniques which can be used to quantitatively evaluate images statistically is the so-called random-walk approach. The resulting Hurst exponent is a measure of the complexity of the picture. Especially long, fine elements in the image, such as fibres, influence the Hurst exponent significantly. Thus, determination of the Hurst exponent has been suggested as new method to measure the hairiness of yarns or knitted fabrics, since existing hairiness measurement instruments are based on different measurement principles which are not comparable. While the principal usability of this method for hairiness detection has been shown in former projects, the absolute value of the calculated Hurst exponents depends on the technique to take the photographic image of a sample, to transfer it into a monochrome picture, and on possible image processing steps. This article gives an overview of edge detection filters, possible definitions of the threshold value between black and white for the transformation into a monochrome image, etc. It shows how these parameters should be chosen in case of typical textile samples and correlates the challenges of this novel method with well-known problems of common techniques to measure yarn and fabric hairiness.
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