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Combining machine learning models and rule engines in clinical decision systems: Exploring optimal aggregation methods for vaccine hesitancy prediction

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 188卷 109749-109749页

作者： Kierner, Slawomir Kierner, Piotr Kucharski, Jacek Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Genetics – Blavatnik Institute Sinclair Lab Harvard Medical School D 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur BostonMA02115 United States Faculty of Electrical Electronic Computer and Control Engineering Lodz University of Technology 18/22 Stefanowskiego St. Lodź90-924 Poland

Background: With the increasing application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the healthcare sector and the emergence of new solutions, such as large language models, there is a growing need to combine medical knowledge, often expressed as clinical rules, with advances in machine learning (ML) offering higher prediction accuracy at the expense of decision-making transparency. Purpose: This study investigates the efficacy of various aggregation methods combining the decisions of an AI model and a clinical rule-based (RB) engine in predicting vaccine hesitancy to maximize the effectiveness of patient incentive programs. This is the first study of parallel ensemble of rules and machine learning in clinical context proposing RB confidence-led fusion of ML and RB inference. Methods: A clinical decision system for predicting hesitation to vaccinate is developed based on a differentially private set of longitudinal health records of 974,000 US patients and clinical rules obtained from the present literature. Various approaches based on possibility theory have been explored to maximize classification accuracy, capture and hurdle rates while ensuring trustworthiness in clinical interventions. Results: Our findings reveal that the hybrid approach outperforms the individual models and RB systems when transparency and accuracy are critical. A RB confidence-led approach emerged as the most effective method. The aggregation of mismatched classes relies on RB results when the RB engine has high confidence (expressed as more than the median degree of membership to the vaccination hesitation output function) and on ML predictions when the RB engine exhibits lower confidence. Conclusions: Implementing such an aggregation method preserves the accuracy and capture rates of a clinical decision system, while potentially improving acceptance among healthcare providers. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Vaccines

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Leader-Follower Formation Tracking control of Quadrotor UAVs Using Bearing Measurements

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Doodeman, Sander Tang, Zhiqi Jacinto, Marcelo Cunha, Rita Silvestre, Carlos Department of Mechanical Engineering TU/e Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Division of Decision and Control Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden Instituto Superior Técnico University of Lisbon Portugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau China

This work addresses the practical problem of distributed formation tracking control of a group of quadrotor vehicles in a relaxed sensing graph topology with a very limited sensor set, where only one leader vehicle can access the global position. Other vehicles in the formation are assumed to only have access to inter-agent bearing (direction) measurements and relative velocities with respect to their neighbor agents. A hierarchical control architecture is adopted for each quadrotor, combining a high-gain attitude inner-loop and an outer-loop bearing-based formation controller with collision avoidance augmentation. The proposed method enables a group of quadrotors to track arbitrary bearing persistently exciting desired formations, including time-varying shapes and rotational maneuvers, such that each quadrotor only requires relative measurements to at least one neighboring quadrotor. The effective performance of the control strategy is validated by numerical simulations in MATLAB and real-world experiments with three quadrotors. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Open and Closed Source Models for LLM-Generated Metaheuristics Solving engineering Optimization Problem

Open and Closed Source Models for LLM-Generated Metaheuris...

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28th European Conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computation, EvoApplications 2025, held as part of EvoStar 2025

作者： Senkerik, Roman Viktorin, Adam Kadavy, Tomas Kovac, Jozef Janku, Peter Pekar, Libor Guzowski, Hubert Smolka, Maciej Byrski, Aleksander Pluhacek, Michal A.I.Lab Faculty of Applied Informatics Tomas Bata University Zlin Czech Republic Department of Automation and Control Engineering Faculty of Applied Informatics Tomas Bata University Zlin Czech Republic Faculty of Computer Science AGH University of Krakow Krakow Poland Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence AGH University of Krakow Krakow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031900648

This paper explores the applicability of generative AI (genAI), specifically Large Language Models (LLMs), for the automatic generation and configuration of metaheuristic algorithms to address a real-world engineering problem: the optimal parameter estimation of time-delay systems in interconnected heating-cooling loops. The study introduces a pioneering workflow and iterative architecture with feedback within the emerging field of genAI-driven optimization for real optimization problems, eliminating the need for manually crafted or modified algorithms. This automated system empowers domain experts in engineering to solve complex optimization problems with minimal knowledge of optimization algorithms, lowering the barrier to entry for sophisticated algorithm use. We demonstrate how LLMs can generate effective optimizers under conditions like connstrained optimization problems where the solution lies near the boundaries of the search space. Four state-of-the-art LLMs (closed and open-sourced) have been selected for experiments. These are GPT-4o, GPT-4o mini, Claude Sonnet 3.5 and Llama 3.1. All studied LLMs generated metaheuristics that outperformed the initialization baseline optimization method (Random Search and CMA-ES). Notably, the Claude Sonnet 3.5 model generated a metaheuristic with the best mean results, almost matching the performance of the tuned state-of-the-art DISH algorithm, as an example of adaptive Differential Evolution. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Time of arrival

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Optimized fractional-order PID controller for temperature control of CSTH: a comparative study with PID cascade controller

Optimized fractional-order PID controller for temperature co...

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International Conference on Energy, Power, Environment, control and Computing (ICEPECC 2025)

作者： Abdulaziz F. Alaswadi Nezar M. Alyazidi Fatima N. Al-Aswadi Amjed Abbas Ahmed Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Science & Digital Innovation (ICSDI) UCSI University Kuala Lumpur 56000 Malaysia Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Malaysia

ISBN: (数字)9781837243150

controlling the temperature in chemical reactors, heating furnaces, distillation columns, and reboilers for circulating heatin g fluids is crucial across all industries. This project is a simulation-based study where both PID-cascade and fractional order PID (FO-PID) controllers were used to control the temperature of water in the continuously stirred tank heater system. The simulation was designed by using SIMULINK. Initially, the work reproduces results from a previous study that evaluated the performance of PID cascade controller applied for controlling the temperature of continuous stirred tank heater. Building on this foundat ion, a novel fractional-order PID (FO-PID) controller was designed and its parameters were optimized using the Whale Optimizer Algorithm (WOA). Results showed that the FO-PID outperforms the PID-cascade controller in terms of settling time and percentage overshoot. This study demonstrates significant advancements in process innovation and optimization, supporting sustainable industrial systems. The FO-PID controller in comparison to the Cascade PID controller reduced the percentage overshoot by approximately 97%, reduced settling time by 87% and maintained comparable steady-state error.

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Feature selection in linear support vector machines via a hard cardinality constraint: A scalable conic decomposition approach

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European Journal of Operational Research 2025年

作者： Bomze, Immanuel D'Onofrio, Federico Palagi, Laura Peng, Bo Faculty of Mathematics and Research Network Data Science University of Vienna Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1 Wien1090 Austria Department of Computer Control and Management Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Via Ariosto 25 Rome00185 Italy VGSCO University of Vienna Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1 Wien1090 Austria

In this paper, we study the embedded feature selection problem in linear Support Vector Machines (SVMs), in which a cardinality constraint is employed, leading to an interpretable classification model. The problem is NP-hard due to the presence of the cardinality constraint, even though the original linear SVM amounts to a problem solvable in polynomial time. To handle the hard problem, we first introduce two mixed-integer formulations for which novel semidefinite relaxations are proposed. Exploiting the sparsity pattern of the relaxations, we decompose the problems and obtain equivalent relaxations in a much smaller cone, making the conic approaches scalable. To make the best usage of the decomposed relaxations, we propose heuristics using the information of its optimal solution. Moreover, an exact procedure is proposed by solving a sequence of mixed-integer decomposed semidefinite optimization problems. Numerical results on classical benchmarking datasets are reported, showing the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach. © 2025

关键词： Mixed-integer linear programming

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Sensing With Random Communication Signals

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IEEE Network 2025年

作者： Lu, Shihang Liu, Fan Xiong, Yifeng Du, Zhen Cui, Yuanhao Li, Shuangyang Yuan, Weijie Yang, Jie Jin, Shi Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing100876 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing210044 China Technical University of Berlin Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Berlin10587 Germany Shenzhen518055 China Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security China Southeast University MOE Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Nanjing211189 China

Communication-centric Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has been recognized as a promising methodology to implement wireless sensing functionality over existing network architectures, due to its cost-effectiveness and backward compatibility to legacy cellular systems. However, the inherent randomness of the communication signal may incur huge fluctuations in sensing capabilities, leading to unfavorable detection and estimation performance. To address this issue, we elaborate on random ISAC signal processing methods in this article, aiming at improving the sensing performance without unduly deteriorating the communication functionality. Specifically, we commence by discussing the fundamentals of sensing with random communication signals, including the performance metrics and optimal ranging waveforms. Building on these concepts, we then present a general framework for random ISAC signal transmission, followed by an in-depth exploration of time-domain pulse shaping, frequency-domain constellation shaping, and spatial-domain precoding methods. We provide a comprehensive overview of each of these topics, including models, results, and design guidelines. Finally, we conclude this article by identifying several promising research directions for random ISAC signal transmission. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile telecommunication systems

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An Energy-Aware RIoT System: Analysis, Modeling and Prediction in the SUPERIOT Framework

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Bocus, Mohammud J. Häkkinen, Juha Fontes, Hélder Drzewiecki, Marcin Qiu, Senhui Eder, Kerstin Piechocki, Robert School of Computer Science University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom Circuits and Systems Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland MpicoSys Embedded Pico Systems Sp. z o. o. Gdynia Poland Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering Gdańsk University of Technology Gdansk Poland INESC TEC Porto Portugal Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal

his paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the energy consumption characteristics of a Silicon (Si)-based Reconfigurable IoT (RIoT) node developed in the initial phase of the SUPERIOT project, focusing on key operating states, including Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication, Narrow-Band Visible Light Communication (NBVLC), sensing, and E-ink display. Extensive measurements were conducted to establish a detailed energy profile, which serves as a benchmark for evaluating the effectiveness of subsequent optimizations and future node iterations. To minimize the energy consumption, multiple optimizations were implemented at both the software and hardware levels, achieving a reduction of over 60% in total energy usage through software modifications alone. Further improvements were realized by optimizing the E-ink display driving waveform and implementing a very low-power mode for non-communication activities. Based on the measured data, three measurement-based energy consumption models were developed to characterize the energy behavior of the node under: (i) normal, unoptimized operation, (ii) low-power, software-optimized operation, and (iii) very low-power, hardware-optimized operation. These models, validated with new measurement data, achieved an accuracy exceeding 97%, confirming their reliability for predicting energy consumption in diverse configurations. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Digital storage

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Clinical Severity and Co-Infection of Human Adenovirus With Other Respiratory Pathogens in Children

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Journal of Medical Virology 2025年第5期97卷 e70370页

作者： Niu, Dandan Gao, Yanxiao Zhang, Yingluan Lv, Qiuying Jiang, Yiwen Jia, Yuanxi Chen, Zhigao Wang, Honglin Cheng, Yanpeng Sha, Feng Ren, Meng Chen, Yixiong Zhang, Xindong Zhang, Zhen Tang, Jinling Feng, Tiejian Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Department of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shenzhen China Department of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Shenzhen China

The correlation between the co-infection of human respiratory adenovirus (HAdV) and clinical severity has not been firmly established yet. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis. We scoured six databases for studies published up to 16 May 2024. A total of 66 cohort studies, which involved 16 251 participants, were incorporated. When compared with patients suffering from HAdV single infection, those with co-infection of viruses (risk ratios [RRs] = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.86), bacteria (RR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.05–2.16), or fungi (RR = 2.86, 95% CI: 2.17–3.76) were more prone to experience severe clinical outcomes. Co-infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae had a tendency to elevate the risk of common pneumonia (RR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.66–1.97), and bacterial co-infection was likely to extend the hospital stay (mean differences = 2.23 days, 95% CI: 0.44–4.03). In summary, the co-infection of HAdV with other viral, bacterial, fungal respiratory pathogens or Mycoplasma pneumoniae heightened the risk of severe clinical outcomes in pediatric patients, leading to an increased utilization of medical resources. This implied that the ecological and biological mechanisms underlying the potential interactions between HAdV and other microorganisms merited further investigation. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： clinical outcomes co-infection human respiratory adenovirus infections

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Algorithmic solutions for several offline constrained resource processing and data transfer multicriteria optimization problems

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Scalable Computing 2010年第1期11卷 1-18页

作者： Andreica, Mugurel Ionuţ Ţăpuş, Nicolae Computer Science and Engineering Department Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science Bucharest Romania

In this paper we present novel algorithmic solutions for several resource processing and data transfer multicriteria optimization problems. The results of most of the presented techniques are strategies which solve the considered problems (almost) optimally. Thus, the developed algorithms construct intelligent strategies which can be implemented by agents in specific situations. All the described solutions make use of the properties of the considered problems and, thus, they are not applicable to a very general class of problems. However, by considering the specific details of each problem, we were able to obtain very efficient results. © 2010 SCPE.

关键词： Data transfer

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H observer-based control for fuzzy Hadamard fractional-order systems

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Computational and Applied Mathematics 2025年第4期44卷 1-14页

作者： Rhaima, Mohamed Gassara, Hamdi Mchiri, Lassaad El Hajjaji, Ahmed Ben Makhlouf, Abdellatif Department of Statistics and Operations Research College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Laboratory of Sciences Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering National School of Engineering of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia Panthéon-Assas University Paris II Paris France Modeling Information and Systems Laboratory University of Picardie Jules Verne UFR of Sciences Amiens France Department of Mathematics Faculty of Sciences Sfax University Sfax Tunisia

While the $$H_\infty $$ observer-based control has found widespread application in the literature for integer-order systems, researchers have shown less interest in addressing the same issue within the fractional-order framework. In this context, this study delves into the application of $$H_\infty $$ observer-based control for the Hadamard fractional-order system (HFOS) described by the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy models (TSFM). Using Lyapunov approach and by employing a matrix decoupling technique, LMI based conditions ensuring the existence of an observer and controller, are proposed. To minimize the impact of disturbances on the controlled output, $$H_\infty $$ optimization technique is used. The validity of our approach is substantiated through an example, underscoring the robustness and reliability of our proposed findings.

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