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Blockchain-Based Trust Model for Inter-Domain Routing

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 4821-4839页

作者： Qiong Yang Li Ma Sami Ullah Shanshan Tu Hisham Alasmary Muhammad Waqas Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China School of Information Science and Technology North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China Department of Computer Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringal18050Pakistan Department of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia School of Computing andMathematical Sciences Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichLondonSE109LSUK School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityPerthWA 6027Australia

Border Gateway Protocol(BGP),as the standard inter-domain routing protocol,is a distance-vector dynamic routing protocol used for exchanging routing information between distributed Autonomous Systems(AS).BGP nodes,communicating in a distributed dynamic environment,face several security challenges,with trust being one of the most important issues in inter-domain *** research,which performs trust evaluation when exchanging routing information to suppress malicious routing behavior,cannot meet the scalability requirements of BGP *** this paper,we propose a blockchain-based trust model for inter-domain *** model achieves scalability by allowing the master node of an AS alliance to transmit the trust evaluation data of its member nodes to the *** BGP nodes can expedite the trust evaluation process by accessing a global view of other BGP nodes through the master node of their respective *** incorporate security service evaluation before direct evaluation and indirect recommendations to assess the security services that BGP nodes provide for themselves and prioritize to guarantee their security of routing *** forward the trust evaluation for neighbor discovery and prioritize the nodes with high trust as neighbor nodes to reduce the malicious exchange routing *** use simulation software to simulate a real BGP environments and employ a comparative experimental research approach to demonstrate the performance evaluation of our trust *** with the classical trust model,our trust model not only saves more storage overhead,but also provides higher security,especially reducing the impact of collusion attacks.

关键词： Inter-domain routing BGP security blockchain trust model trust mechanisms trust evaluation

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Assessing the Teachers’ Readiness for Integrating Augmented Reality in K-12 Education: A Comparative Analysis

International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies

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International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies 2025年第5期19卷 22-44页

作者： Ewais, Ahmed Dalipi, Fisnik Abualrob, Marwan Ferati, Mexhid Kurti, Arianit Computer Science Department Faculty of Information Technology Arab American University Jenin Palestine Department of Informatics Faculty of Technology Linnaeus University Växjö Sweden Elementary Education Department Faculty of Arts Arab American University Jenin Palestine

The integration of augmented reality (AR) into educational environments will depend on its perceived effectiveness in enhancing teaching practices and the attitudes toward the use of this technology. Therefore, the main objective is to investigate the teachers’ attitude and motivation to adopt AR in educational settings, which also looks at a cross-cultural context. Furthermore, this research reveals different aspects that have an impact on teachers’ attitudes toward adopting AR in the teaching process. To investigate this, we conducted a study with 87 K-12 teachers belonging to two different education systems, i.e., Sweden and Palestine. The mixed-methods approach enhances the validity of the study and provides a broad understanding through numerical data, while qualitative insights offer deeper explanations of the findings. The results indicate a statistically significant difference in teachers’ attitudes about AR, with a mean 3.99 for teachers coming from Palestine showing a more positive attitude towards AR-supported learning. Therefore, it is important for educational institutions and application developers to consider a range of learning and teaching methods, as well as specific needs, throughout the process of developing and incorporating AR into the curriculum. © 2025 by the authors of this article.

关键词： attitudes augmented reality (AR) education learning schools teachers

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Deep Learning Based Side-Channel Attack Detection for Mobile Devices Security in 5G Networks

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清华大学学报自然科学版（英文版） 2025年第3期30卷 1012-1026页

作者： Amjed A.Ahmed Mohammad Kamrul Hasan Ali Alqahtani Shayla Islam Bishwajeet Pandey Leila Rzayeva Huda Saleh Abbas Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman Nayef Alqahtani Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Imam Alkadhim University College Department of Computer Techniques EngineeringBaghdad 10066Iraq Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Department of Networks and Communications Engineering College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran 61441Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia Department of Intelligent Systems and Cyber Security Astana IT UniversityAstana 20000Kazakstan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityMadinah 42353Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-Hofuf 31982Saudi Arabia

Mobile devices within Fifth Generation(5G)networks,typically equipped with Android systems,serve as a bridge to connect digital gadgets such as global positioning system,mobile devices,and wireless routers,which are vital in facilitating end-user communication ***,the security of Android systems has been challenged by the sensitive data involved,leading to vulnerabilities in mobile devices used in 5G *** vulnerabilities expose mobile devices to cyber-attacks,primarily resulting from security ***-permission apps in Android can exploit these channels to access sensitive information,including user identities,login credentials,and geolocation *** such attack leverages"zero-permission"sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes,enabling attackers to gather information about the smartphone's *** underscores the importance of fortifying mobile devices against potential future *** research focuses on a new recurrent neural network prediction model,which has proved highly effective for detecting side-channel attacks in mobile devices in 5G *** conducted state-of-the-art comparative studies to validate our experimental *** results demonstrate that even a small amount of training data can accurately recognize 37.5％of previously unseen user-typed ***,our tap detection mechanism achieves a 92％accuracy rate,a crucial factor for text *** findings have significant practical implications,as they reinforce mobile device security in 5G networks,enhancing user privacy,and data protection.

关键词： Fifth Generation(5G)networks smartphone information leakage Side-Channel Attack(SCA) deep learning

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3D Palmprint MCI Synthesis for 2D-3D Heterogeneous Palmprint Recognition 18th

3D Palmprint MCI Synthesis for 2D-3D Heterogeneous Palmprin...

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18th Chinese Conference on Biometric Recognition, CCBR 2024

作者： Su, Le Fei, Lunke Zhao, Shuping Li, Shuyi Wei, Jia School of Computer Science and Technology Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China School of Computer and Information Hefei University of Technology Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819610679

Cross-2D-to-3D (2D-3D) heterogeneous palmprint recognition aims to matching a 2D palmprint probe with the 3D palmprint galleries, which shows great potential for biometric applications due to rich information of 3D images and the low-cost of 2D image acquisition. However, the large structural discrepancy between 2D and 3D palmprint images makes it hard to directly conduct matching between 2D-3D heterogeneous palmprint images. In this paper, we propose a palmprint image generative adversarial network (PIGAN) to convert 2D palmprint images into 3D domain for 2D-3D heterogeneous palmprint recognition. We first calculate the mean curvature images (MCIs) to present the 3D palm surface measurements of 3D palmprint images. Then, we employ an image-to-image generation backbone to transform 2D palmprint images into 3D MCI representations. To make the fake MCIs realistic, we impose both adversarial and identity-aware learning losses to protect the discriminative information of MCIs, and further introduce a visual-recovery loss to restore the visual-specific texture characteristics of palmprints. By this way, high-quality 3D palmprint MCI can be synthesized with high similarity as the real ones at both feature and visual levels, such that the pixel-level gap between 2D and 3D palmprint images can be effectively reduced for 2D-3D heterogeneous palmprint recognition. Extensive experimental results on the widely-used PolyU 2D-3D palmprint database clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed PIGAN in improving the performance of 2D-3D heterogeneous palmprint recognition. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Palmprint recognition

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YOLOCSP-PEST for Crops Pest Localization and Classification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2373-2388页

作者： Farooq Ali Huma Qayyum Kashif Saleem Iftikhar Ahmad Muhammad Javed Iqbal Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Engineering College of Applied Studies&Community ServiceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11362Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan

Preservation of the crops depends on early and accurate detection of pests on crops as they cause several diseases decreasing crop production and quality. Several deep-learning techniques have been applied to overcome the issue of pest detection on crops. We have developed the YOLOCSP-PEST model for Pest localization and classification. With the Cross Stage Partial Network (CSPNET) backbone, the proposed model is a modified version of You Only Look Once Version 7 (YOLOv7) that is intended primarily for pest localization and classification. Our proposed model gives exceptionally good results under conditions that are very challenging for any other comparable models especially conditions where we have issues with the luminance and the orientation of the images. It helps farmers working out on their crops in distant areas to determine any infestation quickly and accurately on their crops which helps in the quality and quantity of the production yield. The model has been trained and tested on 2 datasets namely the IP102 data set and a local crop data set on both of which it has shown exceptional results. It gave us a mean average precision (mAP) of 88.40% along with a precision of 85.55% and a recall of 84.25% on the IP102 dataset meanwhile giving a mAP of 97.18% on the local data set along with a recall of 94.88% and a precision of 97.50%. These findings demonstrate that the proposed model is very effective in detecting real-life scenarios and can help in the production of crops improving the yield quality and quantity at the same time.

关键词： Deep learning classification of pests YOLOCSP-PEST pest detection

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Thermal Model of a Soldering Iron 33rd

Thermal Model of a Soldering Iron

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33rd International Conference on Organization and technology of Maintenance, OTO 2024

作者： Barić, Tomislav Glavaš, Hrvoje Dubravac, Anto Faculty of Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek University of Osijek Osijek Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031805967

Soldering irons are a hand tool that is indispensable in the process of making small series of electronic devices. Soldering irons have evolved from very simple devices without temperature control to devices with complex temperature control. The implementation of temperature control is based on the knowledge of the thermal models of the soldering iron. Thermal models of soldering irons are based either on the theory of thermal fields or on the theory of equivalent Kirchhoff thermal circuits. The theory of thermal fields is applied for very accurate modeling. In doing so, the finite element method (FEM) is used. For the above, it is necessary to use software packages based on FEM. Unlike FEM-based modeling, thermal circuit modeling does not require specialized software tools. It is also possible to derive analytical expressions that describe the thermal process of the soldering iron. In this paper, a thermal model of a soldering iron based on equivalent Kirchhoff thermal circuits is presented. Analytical expressions were derived to describe the thermal transient. The validity of the theoretical model is supported by measurement. Measurements were carried out on two soldering irons from different manufacturers. The measurement results were analyzed. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Hand tools

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Assessment of ChatGPT in extracting Arabic morphology: active and passive participles

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International Journal of Speech technology 2025年第1期28卷 85-97页

作者： Alian, Marwah Hussein, Ibtisam Al-Khazaleh, Maisa Computer Science Department Faculty of Information Technology The World Islamic Sciences and Education University Amman Jordan Basic Sciences Department Faculty of Science The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan Arabic Language Department Faculty of Arts Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan

ChatGPT is a language model that has been developed by Open AI. It has the ability to answer any question raised by a participant in a form of conservation. ChatGPT takes advantages of the effective transformers architecture to generate text discussions that are relevant and perceptive. Although ChatGPT was initially trained on English text data, it has also been fine-tuned on other languages including Spanish, French, Chinese, German and Arabic. ChatGPT has been employed in different NLP domains for English language, but specifically it is still slightly limited in languages other than English. In this research, we assess ChatGPT in extracting active participle (ism al-fa’il) and passive participle (ism al-maf’uul) from Arabic verbs of base forms (alfilu alsahih) and verbs with vowels (alfilu almutal) to help the non-native speakers who find it difficult to extract these participles and try to use ChaTGPT as a learning tool and get inaccurate responses. We experiment ChatGPT’s performance in zero-shot learning then with a wide range of prompt templates as well as few-shot learning. The results show a greet enhancement in the ChatGPT performance when tuning the rule-based prompts with k-shot examples especially for passive participle extraction. ChatGPT performed well in extracting participles from verbs without vowels, but after training with k-shot samples, it improved by 6% for active participles and 25% for passive participles. Additionally, extracting passive participles for verbs with vowels significantly improves performance compared to extracting active participles, especially the case when the vowels exist at two positions, which results in a 100% improvement. The performance of ChatGPT improved in extracting active participle for verbs with no vowels by 6% and passive participles by 25%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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BeGrading: large language models for enhanced feedback in programming education

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第2期37卷 1027-1040页

作者： Yousef, Mina Mohamed, Kareem Medhat, Walaa Mohamed, Ensaf Hussein Khoriba, Ghada Arafa, Tamer Center for Informatics Science School of Information Technology and Computer Science Nile University Giza Egypt Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Helwan University Cairo Egypt Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Benha University Benha Egypt

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have gained significant traction across various domains, including education. This paper explores the application of LLMs in grading programming assignments. By leveraging data collected from existing programming assignments and their corresponding grades, we aim to develop a robust LLM-based grading system. We also incorporate augmented data representing various grading scenarios to enhance the model’s performance and ensure comprehensive coverage across all grading levels. Our approach involves training the LLM on this combined dataset to enable accurate and consistent evaluation of programming assignments. The proposed model, BeGrading, aims to reduce the grading burden on educators and provide timely and objective feedback to students. Compared to the Codestral model, our proposed model demonstrates an absolute difference rate of 19%, equivalent to ±0.95 out of 5. This is acceptable for using a small, fine-tuned model with optimized data. Additionally, the Codestral model compared to the dataset optimized score shows a difference of 15% equivalent to a margin of ±0.75 out of 5. Preliminary results demonstrate the potential of LLMs to perform grading tasks with a high degree of reliability, opening avenues for further research and practical applications in automated education systems. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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Propagation-aware Q-coverage and Q-connectivity network design in relay-aided IoT sensor systems using heuristic and genetic algorithms

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Thang, Nguyen Xuan Hanh, Nguyen Thi Son, Nguyen Van Tan, Nguyen Phuc Hung, To Quang Chien, Trinh Van Binh, Huynh Thi Thanh Faculty of Computer Science Hanoi University Nguyen Trai Hanoi Viet Nam Faculty of Interdisciplinary Digital Technology Phenikaa University Yen Nghia Ha Dong Hanoi12116 Viet Nam Faculty of Computer Science Phenikaa University Yen Nghia Ha Dong Hanoi12116 Viet Nam School of Information and Communication Technology Hanoi University of Science and Technology Dai Co Viet Hanoi Viet Nam

Wireless sensor networks play a crucial role in Internet of Things systems, whose development and prevalence have given rise to numerous challenges. One of the most notable problems regarding wireless sensor networks is the sensor deployment problem, where the objective is to minimize the number of nodes used and to satisfy the constraints of coverage and connectivity. In reality, sensors may be prone to errors and failures;therefore, simple coverage and simple connectivity cannot guarantee fault tolerance for a system. This leads to the concepts of Q-coverage and Q-connectivity, which indicates that each target needs q covering sensors and q node-disjoint paths to the base station. To minimize the number of nodes while still ensuring Q-coverage and Q-connectivity, we propose a heuristic algorithm and an algorithm based on the genetic algorithm. Besides, we construct various experiment scenarios and a realistic dataset to evaluate the efficiency of our proposed methods. The experiment results show that our proposed algorithms significantly outperform existing methods in both solution quality and running time. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Connectivity Heuristic algorithm IoT networks Target coverage Wireless sensor network

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Adaptive isomap feature extractive gradient deep belief network classifier for diabetic retinopathy identification

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 6349-6370页

作者： Singh, Alka Kumar, Rakesh Gandomi, Amir H. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur India Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW Australia Óbuda University Budapest1034 Hungary

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an infection that bases eternal visualization loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. With DR, the glucose level in the blood increases, as well as its viscosity, this results in fluid leakage into surrounding tissues in the retina. In other words, DR represents the pathology of capillaries and venules in the retina with leakage effects, being the main acute retinal disorder caused by diabetes. Many DR detection methods have been previously discussed by different researchers;however, accurate DR detection with a reduced execution time has not been achieved by existing methods. The proposed method, the Shape Adaptive box linear filtering-based Gradient Deep Belief network classifier (SAGDEB) Model, is performed to enhance the accuracy of DR detection. The objective of the SAGDEB Model is to perform an efficient DR identification with a higher accuracy and lower execution time. This model comprises three phases: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The shape adaptive box linear filtering image pre-processing is carried out to reduce the image noise without removing significant parts of image content. Then, an isomap geometric feature extraction is performed to compute features of different natures, like shape, texture, and color, from the pre-processed images. After that, the Adaptive gradient Tversky Deep belief network classifier is to perform classification. The deep belief network is probabilistic and generative graphical model that consists of multiple layers such as one input unit, three hidden units, and one output unit. The extracted image featuresare considered in the input layer and these images are sent to hidden layers. Tversky similarity index is applied in hidden layer 1 to analyze the extracted features with testing features. Regarding the similarity value, the sigmoid activation function is determined in hidden layer 2 so different levels of DR can be identified. Finally, the adaptive gradient method is

关键词： Feature extraction

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