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Smart World Congress (SWC), IEEE

作者： Danlei Li Nirmal Nair Kevin I-Kai Wang Kouichi Sakurai Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand Department of Informatics Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798331520861

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520878

Anomaly detection is the identification of instances that substantially deviate from the majority of the data and do not conform to a well-defined normal behavior. Investigating time series anomalies has become increasingly popular in recent years due to widely deployed IoT devices and sensors. Although most existing methods apply image anomaly detection algorithms directly on time series and commonly assume the data is IID (independent and identically distributed). However, in most realworld applications, the underlying data distribution alters over time. Changes in data over time are referred to as concept drift and can significantly degrade the efficacy of an anomaly detection model. Existing research also indicates that the majority of anomaly detection frameworks ignored concept drift, resulting in poor long-term model performance. This paper presents an ensemble-based, unsupervised anomaly detection framework that is adaptive to the concept drift in time series data. Both distribution and performance-based techniques are used to detect concept drift and update the model to ensure the framework’s longterm performance reliability. The proposed method is evaluated using a real-world univariate time series data that captures sea surface temperature data over a 2 -year period. By comparing our proposed framework to other state-of-the-art algorithms, we demonstrate our proposed method has obvious benefits in accuracy and long-term stability.

关键词： Adaptation models Accuracy Concept drift Time series analysis Stability analysis Sensors Sea surface temperature Reliability Anomaly detection Thermal stability

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Learning Shape-Preserving Autoencoder for the Reconstruction of Functional Data from Noisy Observations 23rd

Learning Shape-Preserving Autoencoder for the Reconstructi...

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23rd International Conference on Computational science, ICCS 2023

作者： Krzyżak, Adam Rafajlowicz, Wojciech Rafajlowicz, Ewaryst Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West MontrealQCH3G 1M8 Canada Szczecin Poland Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031360206

We propose a new autoencoder preserving input functions’ general shape (monotonicity, convexity) after their reconstruction without imposing a priori constraints. These properties are inherent to the coefficients of the Bernstein-Durrmeyer polynomials that serve here as theoretical descriptors. Their estimates, computed from noisy observations by the coder, play the role of latent variables. The approach is purely nonparametric, i.e., no prior finite-dimensional model is assumed. The answer to the question of how many latent variables should be used for an acceptable reconstruction accuracy of a family of functional data is inferred from learning based on the proposed approximation of the Akaike Information Criterion. A distinguishing feature of this autoencoder is that the coder and encoder are designed as precomputed and stored matrices with the Bernstein polynomial entries. Thus, after selecting the number of latent variables, the autoencoder usage has a low computational complexity since it is linear with respect to observations. The proposed computational algorithms are tested on real data arising in mechanical engineering when control of damping vibrations is necessary. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Polynomials

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Supporting the Episodic Application of Clinical Guidelines over Significant Time Periods

Supporting the Episodic Application of Clinical Guidelines o...

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34th Medical Informatics Europe Conference, MIE 2024

作者： Ben Shahar, Bruria Shahar, Yuval Jaffe, Shai Cohen, Odeya Shalom, Erez Selivanova, Maya Rimon, Ephraim Goldstein, Ayelet Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering Ben-Gurion University Israel Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University Israel Nursing Informatics lab Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University Israel Herzfeld Geriatric Rehabilitation Medical Center Clalit Health Services Israel Department of Computer Science Hadassah Academic College Jerusalem Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685335

Medical errors contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality, emphasizing the critical role of Clinical Guidelines (GLs) in patient care. Automating GL application can enhance GL adherence, improve patient outcomes, and reduce costs. However, several barriers exist to GL implementation and real-time automated support. Challenges include creating a formalized, machine-comprehensible GL representation, and an episodic decision-support system for sporadic treatment advice. This system must accommodate the non-continuous nature of care delivery, including partial actions or partially met treatment goals. We describe the design and implementation of an episodic GL-based clinical decision support system and its retrospective technical evaluation using patient records from a geriatric center. Initial evaluation scores of the e-Picard system were promising, with a mean 94% correctness and 90% completeness based on 50 random pressure ulcer patients. Errors were mainly due to knowledge specification, algorithmic issues, and missing data. Post-corrections, scores improved to 100% correctness and a mean 97% completeness, with missing data still affecting completeness. The results validate the system's capability to assess guideline adherence and provide quality recommendations. Despite initial limitations, we have demonstrated the feasibility of providing, through the e-Picard episodic algorithm, realistic medical decision-making support for noncontinuous, intermittent consultations. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Random errors

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An Intelligent Transportation Systems-Based Machine Learning-Enhanced Traffic Prediction Model using Time Series Analysis and Regression Techniques*

An Intelligent Transportation Systems-Based Machine Learning...

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IEEE International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA)

作者： Klea Elmazi Donald Elmazi Eugen Musta Fatjon Mehmeti Florenc Hidri Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Rijeka University Luarasi Tirana Albania Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and IT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory University Metropolitan Tirana Tirana Albania Department of Finance Faculty of Economy Canadian Institute of Technology Tirana Albania Department of Computer Engineering University Metropolitan Tirana Tirana Albania Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Engineering Canadian Institute of Technology Tirana Albania

ISBN: (数字)9798350368130

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368147

Traffic congestion represents a daunting challenge for all facets of urban development, as well as represents a universal problem in all urban areas, to various extents. In recent years, many cities have adopted the use of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) to manage traffic congestion. These systems are indeed useful, but they are mainly geared to predict real-time traffic congestion, yielding to a certain short-sightedness in our prediction model. Through the use of Time Series Analysis, and Regression models for traffic congestion prediction, we posit that we can address the issue. The data that these models were trained on derives from two datasets, namely a dataset from Kaggle and another from the road traffic footage of Tirana. The data then points to Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) being a more accurate time series category, and Support Vector Regression (SVR) to be a better performer than linear regression.

关键词： Support vector machines Analytical models Technological innovation Time series analysis Urban areas Transportation Predictive models

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Dependency Update Strategies and Package Characteristics

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Jafari, Abbas Javan Costa, Diego Elias Shihab, Emad Abdalkareem, Rabe Lab The Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada Montreal Canada Department of Computer Science The Faculty of Science Omar Al-Mukhtar University Libya

Managing project dependencies is a key maintenance issue in software development. Developers need to choose an update strategy that allows them to receive important updates and fixes while protecting them from breaking changes. Semantic Versioning was proposed to address this dilemma but many have opted for more restrictive or permissive alternatives. This empirical study explores the association between package characteristics and the dependency update strategy selected by its dependents to understand how developers select and change their update strategies. We study over 112,000 npm packages and use 19 characteristics to build a prediction model that identifies the common dependency update strategy for each package. Our model achieves a minimum improvement of 72% over the baselines and is much better aligned with community decisions than the npm default strategy. We investigate how different package characteristics can influence the predicted update strategy and find that dependent count, age and release status to be the highest influencing features. We complement the work with qualitative analyses of 160 packages to investigate the evolution of update strategies. While the common update strategy remains consistent for many packages, certain events such as the release of the 1.0.0 version or breaking changes influence the selected update strategy over time. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Fitweet: Arduino-Based Smartwatch for Early Anticipatory Anxiety Notification System 9th

Fitweet: Arduino-Based Smartwatch for Early Anticipatory Anx...

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9th International Conference on Computational science and Technology, ICCST 2022

作者： Abdulmanab, Muhammad Rahiman Nor’Azman, Nur Faidz Hazirah Meon, Hasni Razak, Chempaka Seri Abdul Ab Hamid, Siti Hafizah Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Communication Faculty of Communication Visual Art and Computing Universiti Selangor Bestari Jaya Malaysia School of Pre-University Studies Taylor’s College Lakeside Campus Subang Jaya Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811984051

As anxiety becomes increasingly prevalent among youths especially university students, early prevention via anxiety disorder profiling is crucial. Nevertheless, most screening tools to date are not automated, labour-intensive and time-consuming. Mental health detection in online social networks (OSNs) using artificial intelligence (AI) can provide means for capturing overlooked behavioural attributes, but few are centred around anxiety detection. Internet of Things (IoT)’s increasing popularity enables bio-signals monitoring to aid in mental health care. However, minimum research has been devoted to IoT-based assistive technologies for anxiety, which currently are only used by individuals already diagnosed and actively monitored. This study proposes a novel approach to anticipatory anxiety detection for Malaysian university students aged between 18 and 25 inclusive as an early notification system using AI and IoT for bilingual Malay and English tweets and vital signs analysis respectively. Our result shows that Logistic Regression with Bag-of-Words (BoW) is the overall best performing model with 81.06% accuracy. The Arduino smartwatch sensor readings from the MAX30102 pulse oximeter sensor are used to determine different body conditions using a rule-based approach. The comparison test result between the prototype and conventional measuring devices shows the prototype’s ability to accurately distinguish vital signs with a relatively low Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) rate of 10.92% and 1.51% for pulse rate and temperature respectively. Together, our proof-of-concept results indicate the potential of AI and IoT in deriving new measures of anxiety, by analysing social data combined with bio-signals monitoring to alert users regarding their anxiety state. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Internet of things

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Comparative Study for Identifying and Categorizing DDoS Attacks

Comparative Study for Identifying and Categorizing DDoS Atta...

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Learning and Technology Conference (L&T)

作者： Asaad B. Saad Eman Hossny Fatma A. Omara Software Engineering Department Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Cairo University Cairo Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Distributed Denial of Service, known as DDoS attacks, significantly compromise network security and availability. Certain DDoS detection methods utilize machine learning techniques, whereas others are based on statistical techniques. Therefore, this study provides a classification of the currently available DDoS detection techniques based on these two methodologies, strengths, and limitations. In addition, a comparative study of some DDoS detection techniques proposed in recent years is presented. We obtained similar results in related studies using different datasets. Thus, the compared DDoS techniques were dataset-independent. Finally, this study highlights areas for further research and improvement.

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Using Formal Knowledge to Support Episodic Evidence-Based Nursing Care

Using Formal Knowledge to Support Episodic Evidence-Based Nu...

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34th Medical Informatics Europe Conference, MIE 2024

作者： Jaffe, Shai Ben Shahar, Bruria Shahar, Yuval Goldstein, Ayelet Shalom, Erez Selivanova, Maya Rimon, Ephraim Cohen, Odeya Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Israel Nursing Informatics lab Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Israel Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Israel Computer Science Department Hadassah Academic College Israel Herzfeld Geriatric Rehabilitation Medical Center Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685335

Applying evidence-based medicine prevents medical errors highlighting the need for applying Clinical Guidelines (CGs) to improve patient care by nurses. However, nurses often face challenges in utilizing CGs due to patient-specific needs. Developing a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) can provide real-time context-sensitive CG-based recommendations. Therefore, there is a need to acquire and represent CGs in a machine-applicable manner. Also, there is a need to be able to provide recommendations episodically, only when requested, and not continuously, and to assess previous partial performance of evidence-based actions on a continuous scale. This study evaluated the feasibility of acquiring and representing major nursing CGs, in a machine-applicable manner for episodic use. Using data from an Israeli geriatric center, the results suggest that an episodic CDSS effectively supports the application of formalized nursing knowledge. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Nursing

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Improved Ingredients-based Recipe Recommendation software using Machine Learning

Improved Ingredients-based Recipe Recommendation Software us...

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IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Information Systems (ICICIS)

作者： Mariam Ashraf Khadija Tarek Naglaa Fathy Mariam Mahmoud Rana Emad Khadija Khaled Noran Amr Software Engineering Department Faculty of Computer and Information Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Information Systems Department Faculty of Computer and Information Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

In this paper we propose an improved recipe recommendation system that employs image recognition of food ingredients. The system is currently a mobile application that performs image recognition on uploaded or camera-captured images and recommends recipes containing the recognized ingredients. We used the ResNet-V2 architecture to build a convolutional neural network model for image recognition, which was able to identify 33 different food ingredients with an accuracy rate of 89%. The recommendation system uses the identified ingredient labels, as well as user preferences and restrictions, to display a list of recipes containing the identified ingredients. This feature allows users to discover new and exciting recipes based on the ingredients they currently have at home, without having to worry about dietary restrictions or other preferences. Overall, our system provides a convenient and personalized way for users to discover and prepare delicious meals based on their unique needs and preferences.

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Imitation learning from purified demonstrations 24

Imitation learning from purified demonstrations

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Yunke Wang Minjing Dong Yukun Zhao Bo Du Chang Xu School of Computer Science National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Wuhan Institute of Data Intelligence Wuhan University China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong China School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering The University of Sydney Australia

Imitation learning has emerged as a promising approach for addressing sequential decision-making problems, with the assumption that expert demonstrations are optimal. However, in real-world scenarios, most demonstrations are often imperfect, leading to challenges in the effectiveness of imitation learning. While existing research has focused on optimizing with imperfect demonstrations, the training typically requires a certain proportion of optimal demonstrations to guarantee performance. To tackle these problems, we propose to purify the potential noises in imperfect demonstrations first, and subsequently conduct imitation learning from these purified demonstrations. Motivated by the success of diffusion model, we introduce a two-step purification via diffusion process. In the first step, we apply a forward diffusion process to smooth potential noises in imperfect demonstrations by introducing additional noise. Subsequently, a reverse generative process is utilized to recover the optimal demonstration from the diffused ones. We provide theoretical evidence supporting our approach, demonstrating that the distance between the purified and optimal demonstration can be bounded. Empirical results on MuJoCo and RoboSuite demonstrate the effectiveness of our method from different aspects.

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