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Green IoT for energy efficiency: Enabling technologies, challenges, and future research directions

Thermal science and engineering Progress 2025年 62卷

作者： Das, Resul Adam, Iliyasu Yahaya Oztop, Hakan F. Firat University Faculty of Technology Department of Software Engineering Elazig23119 Turkey Kano State Polytechnic Institute for Information Technology Department of Computer Science Kano Nigeria Firat University Faculty of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Elazig23119 Turkey

This study presents an overview of important aspects of the Green Internet of Things G-IoT with emphasis on fused G-IoT layered architecture, G-IoT enabling technologies, G-IoT opportunities, and applications, renewable energy-assisted Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HVAC systems, as well as the challenges and research issues in green Internet of Things. The G-IoT is becoming a popular subject due to the ever-growing application of IoT systems. The Prevalence of G-IoT technology across society, industry, scientific institutions, and technology has led to billions of devices that work with the technology. However, this results in increased pollution, including increased carbon dioxide emissions, electronic waste, and excessive energy consumption. The need for eco-friendly and energy-efficient IoT systems necessitates the emergence of a G-IoT. This work discusses the fundamentals of G-IoT, issues, challenges, opportunities, and different applications with wide literature. Also, control of HVAC systems with G-IoT applications is studied. It is observed that there is a lack of sufficient research work on Green IoT at the application layer of IoT Architecture. The special need for incorporating renewable energy sources and local grids into HVAC systems for sustainability and to complement the trade-off between energy efficiency and building occupants’ thermal comfort is being discussed. Finally, a framework for integrating local renewable grids with the main grid has been proposed to offload some HVAC energy consumption load. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Cloud computing Energy efficiency Green IoT Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HVAC Renewable energy Smart city

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Video-Based Multiphysiological Disentanglement and Remote Robust Estimation for Respiration

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IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 2025年第5期36卷 8360-8371页

作者： Shao, Hang Luo, Lei Qian, Jianjun Yan, Mengkai Gao, Shangbing Yang, Jian Nanjing University of Science and Technology PCA Laboratory Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China Huaiyin Institute of Technology Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering Huaian223003 China

Remote noncontact respiratory rate estimation by facial visual information has great research significance, providing valuable priors for health monitoring, clinical diagnosis, and anti-fraud. However, existing studies suffer from disturbances in epidermal specular reflections induced by head movements and facial expressions. Furthermore, diffuse reflections of light in the skin-colored subcutaneous tissue caused by multiple time-varying physiological signals independent of breathing are entangled with the intention of the respiratory process, leading to confusion in current research. To address these issues, this article proposes a novel network for natural light video-based remote respiration estimation. Specifically, our model consists of a two-stage architecture that progressively implements vital measurements. The first stage adopts an encoder-decoder structure to recharacterize the facial motion frame differences of the input video based on the gradient binary state of the respiratory signal during inspiration and expiration. Then, the obtained generative mapping, which is disentangled from various time-varying interferences and is only linearly related to the respiratory state, is combined with the facial appearance in the second stage. To further improve the robustness of our algorithm, we design a targeted long-term temporal attention module and embed it between the two stages to enhance the network’s ability to model the breathing cycle that occupies ultra many frames and to mine hidden timing change clues. We train and validate the proposed network on a series of publicly available respiration estimation datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate its competitiveness against the state-of-the-art breathing and physiological prediction frameworks. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Physiological models

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Two-stage object detection in low-light environments using deep learning image enhancement

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PeerJ computer science 2025年 11卷 e2799-e2799页

作者： Al-refai, Ghaith Elmoaqet, Hisham Al-Refai, Abdullah Alzu’bi, Ahmad Al-Hadhrami, Tawfik Alkhateeb, Abedalrhman Department of Mechatronics Engineering German Jordanian University Amman Jordan Software Engineering Department King Hussein School of Computing Science Princess Sumaya University College for Technology Amman Jordan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Department of Computer Science School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Computer Science Lakehead University Thunder Bay Canada

This study presents a two-stage object detection system specifically tailored for low-light conditions. In the initial stage, supervised deep learning image enhancement techniques are utilized to improve image quality and enhance features. The second stage employs a computer vision algorithm for object detection. Three image enhancement algorithms—ZeroDCE++, Gladnet, and two-branch exposurefusion network for low-light image enhancement (TBEFN)—were assessed in the first stage to enhance image quality. YOLOv7 was utilized in the object detection phase. The ExDark dataset, recognized for its extensive collection of low-light images, served as the basis for training and evaluation. No-reference image quality evaluators were applied to measure improvements in image quality, while object detection performance was assessed using metrics such as recall and mean average precision (mAP). The results indicated that the two-stage system incorporating TBEFN significantly improved detection performance, achieving a mAP of 0.574, compared to 0.49 for YOLOv7 without the enhancement stage. Furthermore, this study investigated the relationship between object detection performance and image quality evaluation metrics, revealing that the image quality evaluator NIQE exhibited a strong correlation with mAP for object detection. This correlation aids in identifying the features that influence computer vision performance, thereby facilitating its enhancement. © 2025 Al-refai et al.

关键词： Image quality

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Using Multi-Feature Weak Consensus Model to Discover Essential Proteins

IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatic...

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IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 2025年第1期22卷 322-332页

作者： Zhipeng Hu Gaoshi Li Xinlong Luo Jiafei Liu Jingli Wu Wei Peng Xiaoshu Zhu Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology Ministry of Education The Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-source Information Mining & Security The College of Computer Science and Engineering Guangxi Normal University Guilin China Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China School of Computer and Information Security & School of Software Engineering Guilin University of Electronic Science and Technology Guilin China

Essential proteins play an essential role in cell survival and replication. Currently, more and more computational methods are developed to identify essential proteins, which overcome the time-consuming, costly and inefficient shortcomings with biological experimental methods. In order to improve the recognition rate, some new methods by fusing multiple features are developed, but they seldom consider the connection among features. After analyzing a large number of methods based on multi-feature fusion, a phenomenon among features is found, called weak consensus, then a weak consensus model to fuse these features is proposed in this paper. After analyzing the relationship between a protein and its neighbors in protein-protein interaction networks, a new centrality, namely neighborhood aggregation centrality(NAC) is developed in this paper. Then, a Max-Min strategy is used to integrate NAC with Pearson correlation coefficient and Jaccard similarity coefficient based on gene expression data to obtain local importance score. In addition, orthologous feature score is used to measure proteins conservation. Finally, by using the weak consensus model to fuse orthologous feature score with local importance score, a new method WOL is proposed in this paper. Then experiments are performed on *** data. The results show that compared with WDC, PeC, ION, JDC, NCCO and E_POC, WOL has a higher recognition rate.

关键词： Proteins Computational biology Bioinformatics Feature extraction Biological system modeling Fuses Computational modeling Shape Reliability Minimax techniques

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A drug recommendation system based on response prediction: Integrating gene expression and K-mer fragmentation of drug SMILES using LightGBM

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Intelligence-Based Medicine 2025年 11卷 100206-100206页

作者： Naveed, Sajid Husnain, Mujtaba Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Computing The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan

Medical experts and physicians examine the gene expression abnormality in glioblastoma (GBM) cancer patients to identify the drug response. The main objective of this research is to build a machine learning (ML) based model for improve the outcome of cancer medication to save the time and effort of medical practitioners. Developing a drug response recommendation system is our goal that uses the gene expression data of cancer cell lines to predict the response of anticancer drugs in terms of half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Genetic data from a GBM cancer patient is used as input into a system to predict and recommend the response of multiple anticancer drugs in a particular cancer sample. In this research, we used K-mer molecular fragmentation to process drug SMILES in a novel way, which enabled us to build a competent model that provides drug response. We used the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) regression algorithm and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity of Cancer (GDSC) data for this proposed recommendation system. The results showed that all predicted IC50 values are fall within the range of the real values when examining GBM data. Two drugs, temozolomide and carmustine, were predicted with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.10 and 0.11 respectively, and 0.41 in unseen test samples. These recommended responses were then verified by expert doctors, who confirmed that the responses to these drugs were very close to the actual response. These recommendation are also effective in slowing the growth of these tumors and improving patients quality of life by monitoring medication effects. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Drug response recommendation system Drug SMILES Gene expression Glioblastoma K-mer fragmentation LightGBM

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Fuzzy deep learning architecture for cucumber plant disease detection and classification

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Journal of Big Data 2025年第1期12卷 1-21页

作者： Bilal, Anas Khan, Junaid Ali Alzahrani, Abdulkareem Almohammadi, Khalid Alamri, Maha Liu, Xiaowen College of Information Science and Technology Hainan Normal University Haikou571158 China Department of Computer Science HITEC University Taxila Taxila47080 Pakistan Computer Science Department Faculty of Computing and Information Al-Baha University Al-Baha65779 Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Applied College University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia Software Engineering Department Faculty of Computing and Information Al-Baha University Al-Baha65779 Saudi Arabia

This paper introduces a novel fuzzy deep convolutional neural network architecture for cucumber plant disease detection, contributing to precision farming in Industry 5.0. The proposed architecture incorporates 40 convolutional layers, 4 pooling layers, 4 inverted bottleneck blocks, 4 bottleneck blocks, 5 fuzzy layers, and a fully connected layer designed to enhance accuracy and stability when analyzing remotely sensed data. The fuzzy optimistic formula is used for activation in four blocks, enabling effective information fusion. At the same time, the ReLU transfer function ensures robustness, mainly when dealing with noisy or incomplete image segments. Feature vector optimization is performed using a chaotic particle swarm algorithm, enhancing the model’s overall accuracy, reliability, and ease of implementation. The architecture achieves 98% classification accuracy, outperforming leading models like VGG-19, DarkNet-19, and ResNet-50. Moreover, the computational time per run (40–90 s) is significantly lower than these models, which use higher learnable parameters (5.7 million). The proposed approach is efficient and feasible, offering a more stable and accurate disease detection system while utilizing fewer resources. This work demonstrates the potential of AI-driven solutions in agriculture, particularly in improving disease detection and crop yield through advanced machine learning techniques. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Architecting Digital Twins for Intelligent Transportation Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Bhatt, Hiya Sahil Vaidhyanathan, Karthik Biju, Rahul Gangadharan, Deepak Trestian, Ramona Shah, Purav Software Engineering Research Centre IIIT Hyderabad India Computer Systems Group IIIT Hyderabad India Faculty of Science and Technology Middlesex University London United Kingdom

Modern transportation systems face growing challenges in managing traffic flow, ensuring safety, and maintaining operational efficiency amid dynamic traffic patterns. Addressing these challenges requires intelligent solutions capable of real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and adaptive control. This paper proposes an architecture for DigIT, a Digital Twin (DT) platform for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), designed to overcome the limitations of existing frameworks by offering a modular and scalable solution for traffic management. Built on a Domain Concept Model (DCM), the architecture systematically models key ITS components enabling seamless integration of predictive modeling and simulations. The architecture leverages machine learning models to forecast traffic patterns based on historical and real-time data. To adapt to evolving traffic patterns, the architecture incorporates adaptive Machine Learning Operations (MLOps), automating the deployment and lifecycle management of predictive models. Evaluation results highlight the effectiveness of the architecture in delivering accurate predictions and computational efficiency. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Adaptive control systems

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Robust Feature engineering Techniques for Designing Motor Imagery-Based Bci Systems

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Gardezi Ahmed, Syed Saim Khan, Mahnoor Bukhari, Syeda Muneeba Khan, Rizwan Ahmed Jawed, Soyiba Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Salim Habib University Karachi Pakistan Department of Computer Software Engineering College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering NUST Islamabad Pakistan Department of Physics Faculty of Applied Sciences Riphah International University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering NED University Karachi Pakistan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Salim Habib University Karachi Pakistan

A multitude of individuals across the globe grapple with motor disabilities. Neural prosthetics utilizing Brain-computer Interface (BCI) technology exhibit promise for improving motor rehabilitation outcomes. The intricate nature of EEG data poses a significant hurdle for current BCI systems. Recently, a qualitative repository of EEG signals tied to both upper and lower limb execution of motor and motor imagery tasks has been unveiled. Despite this, the productivity of the Machine Learning (ML) Models that were trained on this dataset was alarmingly deficient, and the evaluation framework seemed insufficient. To enhance outcomes, robust feature engineering (signal processing) methodologies are implemented. A collection of time domain, frequency domain, and wavelet-derived features was obtained from 16-channel EEG signals, and the Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (MRMR) approach was employed to identify the four most significant features. For classification K Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, and Naive Bayes models were implemented with these selected features, evaluating their effectiveness through metrics such as testing accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Score. By leveraging SVM with a Gaussian Kernel, a remarkable maximum testing accuracy of 92.50% for motor activities and 95.48% for imagery activities is achieved. These results are notably more dependable and gratifying compared to the previous study, where the peak accuracy was recorded at 74.36%. This research work provide an in-depth analysis of the MI Limb EEG dataset and it will help in designing and developing simple, cost-effective and reliable BCI systems for neuro-rehabilitation. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Machine and deep learning for personality traits detection: a comprehensive survey and open research challenges

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Artificial Intelligence Review 2025年第8期58卷 1-57页

作者： Naz, Anam Khan, Hikmat Ullah Bukhari, Amal Alshemaimri, Bader Daud, Ali Ramzan, Muhammad Department of Computer Science University of Sargodha Punjab Pakistan Department of Information Technology University of Sargodha Punjab Pakistan Department of Information Systems and Technology Collage of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia Software Engineering Department College of Computing and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Faculty of Resilience Rabdan Academy Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Software Engineering University of Sargodha Punjab Pakistan

Natural language processing (NLP), a prominent research domain of Artificial Intelligence (AI), analyzes users’ generated content on social media for various purposes like sentiment analysis, text summarization, chatbots, fake news detection, etc. Recent advancements in NLP have helped for analysis of human behavior analysis and predicting various human personality traits. Understanding personality traits has long been a fundamental pursuit in psychology and cognitive sciences due to its vast applications for understanding from individuals to social dynamics. Due to online social platforms where people express their views, experiences and comments, NLP is applied for users’ behavior and personality analysis, which is helpful in defining marketing strategies, consumers’ behavior analysis, team building, etc. This research study provides a comprehensive overview of existing methodologies, applications, and challenges in the field of personality traits detection using shallow machine learning, ensemble learning and deep learning. To conduct this study, recent research publications relevant to NLP for this new but emerging research domain are reviewed. The background knowledge of personality models of various nature is discussed for better domain understanding. The study encompasses machine learning and deep learning models with thorough analysis of traditional and innovative techniques including ensemble learning and transformer-based models in chronological order highlighting the trend analysis showing evolution of application of advanced methods. The review also presents and compares the widely used datasets which may guide the researchers for selection of datasets in future studies. Performance evaluation metrics have been discussed which are used in the relevant literature. Furthermore, it explores the application of research of personality traits detection in various domains highlighting its significance. We have also carried out extensive empirical analysis using

关键词： Deep learning

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A systematic literature review to implement large language model in higher education: issues and solutions

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Discover Education 2025年第1期4卷 1-25页

作者： Guizani, Sghaier Mazhar, Tehseen Shahzad, Tariq Ahmad, Wasim Bibi, Afsha Hamam, Habib College of Engineering Alfaisal University Riyadh 11533 Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science National College of Business Administration and Economics Lahore 54000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology School Education Department Government of Punjab Layyah 31200 Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Sahiwal 57000 Pakistan Department of Computing School of Arts and Creative Technology University of Greater Manchester Manchester BL15AB United Kingdom Department of Computer and Software Technology University of Swat Swat 19200 Pakistan Faculty of Engineering Uni de Moncton Moncton E1A3E9 NB Canada School of Electrical Engineering University of Johannesburg Johannesburg 2006 South Africa International Institute of Technology and Management (IITG) Av. Grandes Ecoles Libreville BP 1989 Gabon Bridges for Academic Excellence - Spectrum Tunis Tunisia

Artificial intelligence-driven Chatbots, especially large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, represent significant progress in digital education. These models excel in mimicking human-like text and transforming learning and teaching methods. This study examines the development, application, and impact of LLMs in education. It highlights their role in automating instructional tasks and promoting personalized learning experiences. Despite integration concerns and ethical debates, LLMs showcase the potential of AI to improve educational practices. Our research concludes that LLMs offer transformative opportunities for education. However, their incorporation requires careful ethical considerations, data privacy measures, and a balance between human educators and AI technologies. The findings suggest strategies for integrating LLMs into educational frameworks to enhance learning outcomes while preserving educational integrity. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Education Large language models Learning systems Natural language processing systems Neural networks

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