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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO EUROPE)

作者： Ariel Schwarz Amir Shemer Eliezer Danan Noa E. Cohen Yossef Danan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering Jerusalem Israel Faculty of Engineering Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan Israel School of Software Engineering and Computer Science Azrieli College of Engineering Jerusalem Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345995

In gamma ray imaging for nuclear medicine, coded aperture is used to improve sensitivity. one of the main reconstructing methods is inverse filtering (deconvolution), where the recorded image is cross-correlated with periodic inverse filter of coded array. The reconstruction is free of coding noise for arbitrary array. However, amplification of quantum noise affect the reconstructed image. Although it is improved by Wiener filtering, the major problem is small terms in the spectral distribution of coded masks. Statistically and experimentally pinhole arrays have at least one term which is zero, resulting unacceptably noisy reconstruction. In our previous research we presented new approach of variable coded aperture (VCA) design for far and near field imaging applications [1–4]. The imaging system is based on time multiplexing method using variable multi pinhole array. The unique variable design enables to overcome the spatial frequencies cutoff and small terms in the Fourier transform exists in static multi pinhole array. The overall pinholes positions are designed to avoid spatial frequencies loss. However, traces of duplications can still be detected in reconstruction using Wiener filtering. Furthermore, since coded aperture blocks most of the photons that enter the detector, the dynamic range of the image is limited, thus leading to low contrast image and inadequate colors gamut.

关键词： Deep learning Fourier transforms Image metrics Imaging systems Quantum noise Spatial frequency

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A Secured and Optimized Broadcast Authentication Scheme for the Internet of Medical Things

A Secured and Optimized Broadcast Authentication Scheme for ...

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Electrical, computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET), International Conference on

作者： Syed Waleed Riaz Fazlullah Khan Insaf Ullah Bandar Alshawi Ryan Alturki Mohammad Wedyan Computer Science Department Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan KPK Pakistan Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo Zhejiang China Institute for Analytics and Data Science University of Essex Colchester UK Department of Computer and Network Engineering College of Computing Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of Computing Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Sciences Yarmouk University (YU) Irbid Jordan

ISBN: (数字)9798350395914

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395921

This Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), facilitates the medical stop regarding real-time monitoring of patients, medical emergency management, remote surgery, patient information management, medical equipment, drug monitoring, etc. However, IoMT devices communicate with each other in an open environment that makes them vulnerable to a wide range of malicious threats from malicious entities. To protect the devices and their associated data, we designed a broadcast authentication scheme for IoMT devices using identity-based public key cryptography that exploits the lightweight features of the Hyper-Elliptic Curve (HEC). We then performed the security analysis based on the Random Oracle Model (ROM), in which we have proved that the proposed scheme is unforgeable under the hardiness of the hyperelliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. The proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of computational and communication overhead and the experimental results justify the superiority of the proposed work in comparison to the existing schemes.

关键词： Performance evaluation Computational modeling Authentication Surgery Internet of Medical Things Public key cryptography Real-time systems Information management Monitoring Read only memory

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Leveraging Bitcoin Mining Machines in Demand-Response Mechanisms to Mitigate Ramping-Induced Transients

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ginzburg-Ganz, Elinor Eyal, Ittay Machlev, Ram Baimel, Dmitry Santosh, Leena Belikov, Juri Levron, Yoash Segev, I. Keren, S. Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel Computer Science Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel Shamoon College of Engineering Beer-Sheva84100 Israel Pandit Deendayal Energy University India Department of Software Science Tallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15a Tallinn12618 Estonia

We propose an extended demand response program, based on ancillary service for supplying flexible electricity demand. In our proposed scheme, we suggest a broader management model to control the scheduling and power consumption of Bitcoin mining machines. The main aspect that we focus on is suppressing the power ramping and related transient effects. We extend previous works on the subject, that study the impact of incorporating cryptocurrency mining machines into existing power grid, and explore the potential profit of exploiting this flexible load in the Israeli electricity market. We analyze a trend based on historical data, of increasing electricity prices and ramping costs due to the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. We suggest an extension to the unit commitment problem from which we obtain the scheduling scheme of the Bitcoin mining machines. We use simulation and the real-world data acquired from the "Noga" grid operator to verify the proposed ancillary service and test its practical limits for reducing the ramping costs, under changing ratio of energy production from renewable sources. Out results suggests that the machine price and ratio of production from renewable sources plays a significant role in determining the profitability of the proposed demand-response program. © 2024, CC BY.

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Enhancing Password Security: Analyzing Password Management Practices Among IT Students

Enhancing Password Security: Analyzing Password Management P...

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International IEEE Conference and Workshop: Óbuda on Electrical and Power engineering (CANDO-EPE)

作者： Anita Mihalovicsne Kollar Jozsef Katona Department of Software Development and Application Institute of Computer Engineering University of Dunaujvaros Dunaujvaros Hungary Institute of Electronics and Communication Systems Kando Kalman Faculty of Electrical Engineering Obuda University Budapest Hungary GAMF Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science John Von Neumann University Kecskemet Hungary Department of Applied Quantitative Methods Faculty of Finance and Accountancy Budapest Business University Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (数字)9798331531119

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531126

Today, with the digital world in its full swing, strong password management is key to protecting sensitive information from both internal and external threats. The current research explores the passwords managing behavior of the IT students at the University of Dunaujvaros. A survey made in May 2024 questioned 68 students, 59 males and 9 females, about behaviors such as using passwords with complexity, not repeating them for multiple accounts or machines, changing them regularly, and which applications they use for password management. The findings have depicted that, as a whole, students appear to be moderately sensitive about the password security instructions. Nonetheless, most continue to indulge in unsafe practices, including easily remembered or weak passwords and infrequent password changes. Furthermore, approximately half of the responders use password management applications, indicating room for significant improvement in the future. The results suggest that intervention and special education measures should be taken to enhance the practice of password security among future IT experts. This research has good potential to contribute toward strategies designed for people behaving safely in password management, and hence promote a secure digital environment.

关键词： Surveys Continuing education Power engineering Correlation engineering profession Education Passwords Complexity theory Security Protection

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Bridging Machine Learning and Formal Concept Analysis for Effective Crowd Detection

Bridging Machine Learning and Formal Concept Analysis for Ef...

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Information Technology (ACIT)

作者： Anas M. Al-Oraiqat Oleksandr Drieiev Ghassan Samara Sattam Almatarneh Karim A. Al-Oraiqat Hazim Alrawashdeh Hanna Drieieva Ali Elrashidi Yassin M. Y. Hasan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Zarqa University Jordan Department of Cybersecurity and Software Central Ukrainian National Technical University Kropyvnytskyi Ukraine Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Information Technology Zarqa University Jordan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Information Technology Zarqa University Jordan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Business and Technology Jeddah Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department Assiut University Egypt

ISBN: (数字)9798331540012

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540029

Crowd detection and prevention systems have become essential for managing densely populated areas. Modern systems leverage the combined power of machine learning, data mining, and image processing to extract and analyse features from crowded zones, enabling the identification of behavioural patterns and anomalies. However, most current solutions primarily focus on detection and lack robust decision-making and recommendation mechanisms for selecting appropriate crowd-prevention strategies. To address this gap, we integrate the predictive capabilities of machine learning models with the analytical and clustering strengths of Fuzzy Formal Concept Analysis (fuzzy FCA). Machine learning is employed to extract valuable insights from images of the area, with a neural network used to identify human figures, track individuals' positions, and predict crowd levels. This data is fed into an FFCA-based decision system, where crowd information is structured and clustered using lattice theory. This latter helped exclude low-crowd zones and cluster the rest of the monitored areas based on their crowd features. Additionally, we define bottom-up parsing algorithms to recommend suitable crowd-prevention plans based on crowd density levels within fuzzy formal concepts. Experiments confirmed not only the ability of fuzzy FCA to "exclude" low-crowd zones thanks to a used crowd threshold but also the efficient "feature-based clustering" of crowded zones into hierarchical formal concepts and these latter’s "bottom-up parsing" to finally identify the dense zones.

关键词： Formal concept analysis Scalability Prevention and mitigation Decision making Lattices Machine learning Feature extraction Prediction algorithms Real-time systems Data mining

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Weighted Density for The Win: Accurate Subspace Density Clustering

Weighted Density for The Win: Accurate Subspace Density Clus...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Maixuan Peng Yuyang Wu Yang Lu Mengke Li Yiqun Zhang Yiu-Ming Cheung School of Computer Science and Technology Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China Faculty of Science Wilfrid Laurier University Brantford Canada Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart City School of Informatics Xiamen University Xiamen China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

k-clustering typically struggles with the detection of irregular-distributed clusters due to the natural bias, while density clustering usually cannot well-adapt to different datasets and clustering tasks as it is not an oriented optimization process. This paper, therefore, proposes to perform density clustering in dynamically learned subspaces. To exploit the irregular-distributed clusters obtained by density clustering for the subspace determination, we design a new strategy to appropriately evaluate the importance of attributes. It turns out that the proposed Weighted Density-based Subspace Clustering (WDSC) algorithm inherits the unbiased merits of density clustering, and also upgrades the unlearning density clustering to be learnable under the subspace learning paradigm of k-clustering. A comprehensive evaluation including significance tests, ablation studies, qualitative comparisons, etc., shows the superiority of WDSC.

关键词： Accuracy Heuristic algorithms Signal processing algorithms Clustering algorithms Signal processing Acoustics Speech processing Optimization

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Multi-batch Nuclear-norm Adversarial Network for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Multi-batch Nuclear-norm Adversarial Network for Unsupervise...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Pei Wang Yun Yang Zhenyu Yu School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan University Kunming China National Pilot School of Software Yunnan University Kunming China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering Yunnan University Kunming China Guangzhou University Guangzhou China CISiP Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

ISBN: (数字)9798350390155

ISBN: (纸本)9798350390162

Adversarial learning has achieved great success for unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA). Existing adversarial UDA methods leverage the predicted discriminative information with Nuclear-norm Wasserstein discrepancy for feature alignment. However, the limited memory space makes it very difficult to accurately calculate the Nuclear-norm, which hinders domain adaptation. To address this challenge, we propose a multi-batch Nuclear-norm adversarial network, termed as MBAN. Specifically, we build a dynamic queue to cache features, which encourages to generate a large and consistent output matrix, enabling accurate calculation of the Nuclear-norm. Then, the multi-batch Nuclear-norm discrepancy is proposed, which can effectively improve the transferability and discriminability of the learned features. Experimental results show that MBAN could achieve significant performance improvement, especially when the number of categories is quite large. Code is available at https://***/peiwang0518/Multi-BAN.

关键词： Codes Accuracy Adversarial machine learning Noise measurement

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Everything you wanted to know about ChatGPT: Components, capabilities, applications, and opportunities

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Internet Technology Letters 2024年第6期7卷

作者： Heidari, Arash Navimipour, Nima Jafari Zeadally, Sherali Chamola, Vinay Department of Software Engineering Haliç University Istanbul Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science İstanbul Atlas University Istanbul Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Kadir Has University Istanbul Turkey Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Taiwan College of Communication and Information University of Kentucky LexingtonKY United States Pilani India

Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing have advanced significantly with the creation of a Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) by OpenAI. ChatGPT uses deep learning techniques like transformer architecture and self-attention mechanisms to replicate human speech and provide coherent and appropriate replies to the situation. The model mainly depends on the patterns discovered in the training data, which might result in incorrect or illogical conclusions. In the context of open-domain chats, we investigate the components, capabilities constraints, and potential applications of ChatGPT along with future opportunities. We begin by describing the components of ChatGPT followed by a definition of chatbots. We present a new taxonomy to classify them. Our taxonomy includes rule-based chatbots, retrieval-based chatbots, generative chatbots, and hybrid chatbots. Next, we describe the capabilities and constraints of ChatGPT. Finally, we present potential applications of ChatGPT and future research opportunities. The results showed that ChatGPT, a transformer-based chatbot model, utilizes encoders to produce coherent responses. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Taxonomies

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On Understanding Sports–HAR: Hierarchical, Mobile, Multi-Sensor based Classification of Table–Tennis Strokes

On Understanding Sports–HAR: Hierarchical, Mobile, Multi-Se...

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Intelligent Methods, Systems, and Applications (IMSA)

作者： Mustafa Ezzeldin Amr S. Ghoneim Laila Abdelhamid Ayman Atia Faculty of Computers and AI Software Engineering Helwan University Cairo Egypt Faculty of Computers and AI Computer Science Helwan University Cairo Egypt Faculty of Computers and AI Information Systems Helwan University Cairo Egypt HCI-LAB Faculty of Computers and AI Computer Science Helwan Univeristy Cairo Egypt Faculty of Computer Science October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) Giza Egypt

Table Tennis is a renowned competitive and recreational sport. An Olympic sport since 1988, table tennis in-cludes several movements, shots (i.e., strokes), and positions. Consequently, many factors can affect the strokes’ accuracy and strength. This paper aims twofold: to classify the type of shot and to enhance the performance of the classification by improving the recognition accuracy and reducing the computational time. To track the movement of the body parts and extract table tennis stroke information, sensors (both Accelerometers and Gyroscopes) were utilized. The extracted data are processed and passed to a P–Dollar classifier to recognize six different table tennis strokes. This work utilizes two classification approaches to evaluate the performance, both linear and hierarchical. The presented results demonstrate that the hierarchical classification yields a better accuracy of 88%, achieved in 4 seconds, while traditional linear classification achieved 83% within 6 seconds.

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Investigating Efficacy of Perplexity in Detecting LLM-Generated Code

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Jinwei Zhang, He Yang, Yanjin Cheng, Zeru Lyu, Jun Liu, Bohan Zhou, Xin Yang, Lanxin Bacchelli, Alberto Chiam, Yin Kia Chiew, Thiam Kian State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute Nanjing University Nanjing210008 China Department of Informatics University of Zürich Zürich8006 Switzerland Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia

Large language model-generated code (LLMgCode) has become increasingly prevalent in software development. Many studies report that LLMgCode has more quality and security issues than human-authored code (HaCode). It is common for LLMgCode to mix with HaCode in a code change, while the change is signed by only human developers, without being carefully checked. Many automated methods have been proposed to detect LLMgCode from HaCode, in which the perplexity-based method (PERPLEXITY for short) is the state-of-the-art method. However, the efficacy evaluation of PERPLEXITY has focused on the detection accuracy. In this article, we are interested in whether PERPLEXITY is good enough in a wider range of realistic evaluation settings. To this end, we devise a large-scale dataset that includes 11,664 HaCode snippets and 13,164 LLMgCode snippets, and based on that, we carry out a family of experiments to compare PERPLEXITY against feature-based and pre-training-based methods from three perspectives: (1) detection accuracy in terms of programming language, degree of difficulty, and scale of solution, (2) generalization capability, and (3) inference efficiency. The experimental results show that PERPLEXITY has the best generalization capability while it has low accuracy and efficiency in most cases. Based on the experimental results and detection mechanism of PERPLEXITY, we discuss implications into both the strengths and limitations of PERPLEXITY, e.g., PERPLEXITY is unsuitable for high-level programming languages while it has good interpretability. As the first large-scale investigation on detecting LLMgCode from HaCode, this article provides a wide range of evidence for future improvement. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： High level languages

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