A practical structural representation of a segmented image is presented. The practicalness is defined according to whether or not: the representation can be directly generated from its corresponding segmented image. T...
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A practical structural representation of a segmented image is presented. The practicalness is defined according to whether or not: the representation can be directly generated from its corresponding segmented image. Two structural representations have been proposed in the literature. They are hierarchical structure and relational graph. Because they are defined totally on the basis of human perception, neither of the representations can be directly generated from the corresponding segmented image. The structural representation described in this paper, however, is based on the relations among pattern primitives and generated by applying some human-oriented constraints.
We show that n log n space is sufficient for three-way nondeterministic Turing machines (3NTs) to simulate two-dimensional alternating finite automata (AFs), where n is the number of columns of rectangular input tapes...
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We show that n log n space is sufficient for three-way nondeterministic Turing machines (3NTs) to simulate two-dimensional alternating finite automata (AFs), where n is the number of columns of rectangular input tapes. It is already known that n log n space is necessary for 3NTs to simulate AFs. Thus, our algorithm is optimal in the sense of space complexity point of view.
In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the performance of a method for theoretically analysing the synchronized behaviour of two metronomes on a hanging plate using the describing function approach, proposed in our...
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Let SeH{0}(k) [NSeH{0}(k)] denote the class of languages over a one-letter alphabet accepted by two-way sensing deterministic [nondeterministic] k-head finite automata. This paper shows that (i) SeH{0}(2) not subset o...
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Let SeH{0}(k) [NSeH{0}(k)] denote the class of languages over a one-letter alphabet accepted by two-way sensing deterministic [nondeterministic] k-head finite automata. This paper shows that (i) SeH{0}(2) not subset of or equal to SeH{0}(3), and (ii) NSeH{0}(2)not subset of or equal to NSeH{0}(3). This gives an affirmative answer to an open problem in Ref. [3].
The integration of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) networks presents the transformative potential for 6G vehicu...
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The integration of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) networks presents the transformative potential for 6G vehicular communications, promising unprecedented gains in energy and spectral efficiency. However, existing research fails to address the joint optimization of BD-RIS configuration, NOMA power allocation, and dynamic IoV association-a critical oversight given their inherent interdependence in practical deployment scenarios. Current literature predominantly examines these components in isolation, with conventional RIS architectures and orthogonal multiple access schemes, leading to suboptimal performance in high-mobility vehicular environments. This work bridges this gap by proposing a novel hybrid optimization framework for NOMA-aided BD-RIS assisted IoV networks. The proposed framework simultaneously optimizes the IoV association with the base station (BS), NOMA power allocation, and BD-RIS phase shift design to maximize the energy efficiency of the system while ensuring the minimum signal-to-interference plus noise ratios (SINRs) of IoVs. The proposed framework is formulated as non-linear optimization due to joint decision variables and rate expressions of IoVs, resulting in an NP-hard problem where achieving a joint optimal solution is computationally complex. To handle this complexity, the original joint formulation is decomposed into three subproblems: IoV association with BS, BS power allocation, and BD-RIS phase shift design. An efficient iterative solution is then developed through the synergistic combination of deep reinforcement learning, first-order Taylor expansion, and manifold optimization methods. For comprehensive evaluation, we introduce a NOMA-aided conventional RIS assisted IoV framework as a benchmark. Extensive numerical results based on Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed NOMA-aided BD-RIS assisted IoV network achieves
Wireless local area network(WLAN)fingerprint-based localization has become the most attractive and popular approach for indoor ***,the primary concern for its practical implementation is the laborious manual effort of...
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Wireless local area network(WLAN)fingerprint-based localization has become the most attractive and popular approach for indoor ***,the primary concern for its practical implementation is the laborious manual effort of calibrating sufficient location-labeled *** Semi-supervised extreme learning machine(SELM) performs well in reducing calibration *** SELM methods only use Received signal strength(RSS) information to construct the neighbor graph and ignores location information,which helps recognizing prior information for manifold *** propose Composite SELM(CSELM) method by using both RSS signals and location information to construct composite ***,the issue of unlabeled RSS data quality has not been *** propose a novel approach called Composite semisupervised extreme learning machine with unlabeled RSS Quality estimation(CSELM-QE) that takes into account the quality of unlabeled RSS data and combines the composite neighbor graph,which considers location information in the semi-supervised extreme learning *** results show that the CSELM-QE could construct a precise localization model,reduce the calibration effort for radio map construction and improve localization *** quality estimation method can be applied to other methods that need to retain high quality unlabeled Received signal strength data to improve model accuracy.
A new Multi-Carrier Deep Learning Chaos Shift Keying (MC-DLCSK) modulation is designed in this paper. The proposed receiver includes a Neural Network (NN)-based classifier that recovers MC-DLCSK signals. The results d...
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Recently two interesting conjectures on the linear complexity of binary complementary sequences of length 2(n) N-0 were given by Karkkainen and Leppanen when those sequences are considered as periodic sequences with p...
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Recently two interesting conjectures on the linear complexity of binary complementary sequences of length 2(n) N-0 were given by Karkkainen and Leppanen when those sequences are considered as periodic sequences with period 2(n) N-0, where those sequences are constructed by successive concatenations or successive interleavings from a pair of kernel complementary sequences of length N-0. Their conjectures were derived from numerical examples and suggest that those sequences have very large linear complexities. In this paper we give the exact formula of characteristic polynomials for those complementary sequences and show that their conjectures are true.
Bi-substituted gadolinium iron garnet films were deposited by laser ablation. The composition, the structure and the magnetic properties of the films were found to be strongly dependent both on the compositions of the...
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Bi-substituted gadolinium iron garnet films were deposited by laser ablation. The composition, the structure and the magnetic properties of the films were found to be strongly dependent both on the compositions of the targets and on the pressure of oxygen. The highest values of Bi-substitution up to x = 1.44 with uniform composition were obtained, after annealing in air.
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