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3rd International Workshop on Applications of Medical Artificial Intelligence, AMAI 2024 held in conjunction with the 27th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2024

作者： Martins, Inês Matos, João Gonçalves, Tiago Celi, Leo A. Wong, An-Kwok Ian Cardoso, Jaime S. Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto Portugal Duke University Durham United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031820069

Algorithmic bias in healthcare mirrors existing data biases. However, the factors driving unfairness are not always known. Medical devices capture significant amounts of data but are prone to errors;for instance, pulse oximeters overestimate the arterial oxygen saturation of darker-skinned individuals, leading to worse outcomes. The impact of this bias in machine learning (ML) models remains unclear. This study addresses the technical challenges of quantifying the impact of medical device bias in downstream ML. Our experiments compare a "perfect world", without pulse oximetry bias, using SaO2 (blood-gas), to the "actual world", with biased measurements, using SpO2 (pulse oximetry). Under this counterfactual design, two models are trained with identical data, features, and settings, except for the method of measuring oxygen saturation: models using SaO2 are a "control" and models using SpO2 a "treatment". The blood-gas oximetry linked dataset was a suitable test-bed, containing 163,396 nearly-simultaneous SpO2 - SaO2 paired measurements, aligned with a wide array of clinical features and outcomes. We studied three classification tasks: in-hospital mortality, respiratory SOFA score in the next 24 h, and SOFA score increase by two points. Models using SaO2 instead of SpO2 generally showed better performance. Patients with overestimation of O2 by pulse oximetry of ≥ 3% had significant decreases in mortality prediction recall, from 0.63 to 0.59, P © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Oximeters

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Development and Investigation of Vision System for a Small-Sized Mobile Humanoid Robot in a Smart Environment

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International Journal of Crowd science 2025年第1期9卷 29-43页

作者： Abu-Jassar, Amer Tahseen Attar, Hani Amer, Ayman Lyashenko, Vyacheslav Yevsieiev, Vladyslav Solyman, Ahmed Department of Computer Science College of Information Technology Amman Arab University Amman11937 Jordan Faculty of Engineering Zarqa University Zarqa2000 Jordan College of Engineering University of Business and Technology Jeddah21448 Saudi Arabia Department of Media Systems and Technology Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics Kharkiv61166 Ukraine Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Nişantaşı University Istanbul34398 Turkey

The conducted research aims to develop a computer vision system for a small-sized mobile humanoid robot. The decentralization of the servomotor control and the computer vision systems is investigated based on the hardware solution point of view, moreover, the required software level to achieve an efficient matched design is obtained. A computer vision system using the upgraded tiny-You Only Look Once (YOLO) network model is developed to allow recognizing and identifying objects and making decisions on interacting with them, which is recommended for crowd environment. During the research, a concept of a computer vision system was developed, which describes the interaction between the main elements, on the basis of which hardware modules were selected to implement the task. A structure of information interaction between hardware modules is proposed, and a connection scheme is developed, on the basis of which a model of a computer vision system is assembled for research, with the required algorithmic and software for solving the problem. To ensure the high speed of the computer vision system based on the ESP32-CAM module, the neural network was improved by replacing the Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG-16) network as the base network for extracting the functions of the Single Shot Detector (SSD) network model with the tiny-YOLO lightweight network model, which made it possible to preserve the multidimensional structure of the network model feature graph, resulting in increasing the detection accuracy, while significantly reducing the amount of calculations generated by the network operation, thereby significantly increasing the detection speed, due to a limited set of objects. Finally, a number of experiments were carried out, both in static and dynamic environments, which showed a high accuracy of identifications. © The author(s) 2025.

关键词： Anthropomorphic robots

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Surface-Continuous Scene Representation for Light Field Depth Estimation via Planarity Prior

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and systems for Video Technology 2025年第5期35卷 5051-5066页

作者： Chen, Rongshan Sheng, Hao Yang, Da Cui, Zhenglong Cong, Ruixuan Beihang University State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Beijing100191 China Beihang University Key Laboratory of Data Science and Intelligent Computing Hangzhou International Innovation Institute Zhejiang Hangzhou311115 China Macao Polytechnic University Faculty of Applied Sciences China

Light field (LF) imaging captures both spatial and angular information of the real world, enabling precise depth estimation. However, images are merely discrete expressions of scenes. Limited by imaging technology, LF camera cannot capture the infinite rays emitted by scenes, leading to the discrete information storage (e.g. pixel). Consequently, previous deep learning methods have encountered challenges in accurately extracting depth information from LF images. In this paper, we investigate a surface-continuous scene representation using planarity prior and design PlaneNet, a Plane-based Network that successfully generates highly detailed depth maps for real scenes. Specifically, inspired by the plane assumption that real-world scenes generally yield piecewise smooth surfaces, we refine it to the pixel level for continuous surface approximation, which can overcome the limitations of discrete representation. Rather than explicitly parameterizing planes as multiple coefficients, we propose a novel plane regular sampling operator (PRSO), enabling the network to fit smooth depth surfaces easily. To explore the role of our theory at the feature level, we also introduce PRSO into the intermediate layers of PlaneNet. Experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on both synthetic and real-world LF scenes, ranking 1st (MSE) on the HCI 4D Light Field benchmark. Furthermore, we explore the utilization of our representation in multiple LF depth estimation networks, and experiments demonstrate improved performance when surface-continuous representation is applied. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Pixels

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Design and Development of a Fixed-Wing Tail-Sitter Tethered VTOL Drone with Custom Autopilot and Robust Control Techniques 16th

Design and Development of a Fixed-Wing Tail-Sitter Tether...

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16th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing, CONTROLO 2024

作者： Safaee, Ahmad Aguiar, A. Pedro Santos, Filipe Neves Moreira, Antonio Paulo SYSTEC-ARISE Research Center for Systems and Technologies Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto4200-465 Portugal INESC-TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science CRIIS-Centre for Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems Porto4200-465 Portugal INESC-TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering and DEEC/FEUP - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto Porto4200-465 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031817236

The need for aerial platforms capable of sustained operation is critical in fields such as surveillance, agricultural monitoring, disaster response, and temporary telecommunication systems. Traditional unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are hampered by limited battery capacity and inefficient energy utilization. This paper introduces an autonomous vertical flight drone tethered to a ground-based platform, which overcomes these limitations. The drone is designed to optimize its position and energy usage by harnessing wind currents, functioning similarly to a kite when conditions permit. This is enabled by a custom-designed autopilot system comprising both hardware and software tailored for this application. We detail the model identification process for three vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) drone systems, employing authentic data that measures lateral positional errors from the tether. Robust mixed sensitivity controllers are developed and implemented. The effectiveness of these controllers is validated through simulations showing their capability to handle uncertainties. Furthermore, the practical application and robust performance of the system are confirmed by a real-world case study, highlighting its potential in real operational environments. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： VTOL/STOL aircraft

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Adaptive Quantum and Graph-Attentive Security Framework for DoS Attack Mitigation in VANETs 2

Adaptive Quantum and Graph-Attentive Security Framework for ...

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2nd International Conference on Machine Learning and Autonomous systems, ICMLAS 2025

作者： Anjum, Asma Rao, P. S. V. Srinivasa Sindhu, M. Bhatt, Pooja Priya, M.R. Maranan, Ramya HKBK College of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karnataka Bengaluru560045 India Joginpally B R Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Telangana Hyderabad500075 India R.M.K Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Tamil Nadu Thiruvallur601206 India Parul institute of Engineering and Technology Parul University Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Post Limda Gujarat 391760 India NIE First Grade College Department of Computer Science Karnataka Mysuru570008 India Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Department of Research and Innovation Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505745

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are considered crucial for real-time vehicle-to-vehicle communication, which in turn enhances the efficiency of traffic and road safety. VANETs are very vulnerable to Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, which seriously disrupt communication and degrade network performance. This paper introduces a high-performance neural network-based detection and prevention mechanism that can effectively counter DoS attacks. The proposed method is initiated with the real-time monitoring of the network. Data collection and preprocessing through the Adaptive Self-Guided Loop Filter (ASGLF) are used to filter out noise from the data. The Fast Hybrid Vision Transformer (FHVT) conducts feature extraction for network traffic to effectively preserve the spatial and temporal relationships. Using the Reflecting Equivariant Quantum Neural Network (REQNN) integrated with Heterogeneous Edge-Enhanced Graph Attention Network (HEEGAT) ensures timely anomaly detection accuracy of attacks. Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer (SAO) optimizes the detection parameters to effectively utilize resources. The experimental results have shown accuracy in the detection of DoS attacks as 99.9% with a PDR of 99.9% and also improved throughput efficiency by 99.8%. These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in securing VANETs from DoS attacks, offering uninterrupted network availability and improved vehicular communication security for intelligent transportation systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Advanced driver assistance systems

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A novel U-net model for brain tumor segmentation from MRI images

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 220-230页

作者： Obayya, Marwa Alshuhail, Asma Mahmood, Khalid Alanazi, Meshari H. Alqahtani, Mohammed Aljehane, Nojood O. Almansour, Hamad Al-Hagery, Mohammed Abdullah Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University PO Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences & Information Technology King Faisal university Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Applied College at Mahayil King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Sciences Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia Department of Information System and Cyber Security College of Computing and Information Technology University of Bisha Bisha61922 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information Technology University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia Applied Collage Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Qassim University Saudi Arabia

Segmentation of brain tumors aids in diagnosing the disease early, planning treatment, and monitoring its progression in medical image analysis. Automation is necessary to eliminate the time and variability associated with traditional segmentation methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and U-Net architectures have demonstrated their efficiency and effectiveness in segmenting brain tumors from MRI images using deep learning techniques. The paper presents an improved U-Net-based segmentation algorithm that integrates nested skip paths to improve encoder-decoder feature fusion. The performance of segmentation was optimized by utilizing a variety of activation functions and loss functions, including Dice Loss and Intersection over Union (IoU). A high level of accuracy was demonstrated in the proposed model when it was evaluated using the LGG Segmentation Dataset. The proposed approach for segmenting medical images has been shown to be both robust and efficient in a comparative analysis. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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RDM: A Light Field Super-Resolution Model Improved with Retinex Decomposition 16

RDM: A Light Field Super-Resolution Model Improved with Reti...

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16th International Conference on Signal Processing systems, ICSPS 2024

作者： Lyu, Wenqi Ke, Wei Sheng, Hao Ma, Xiao Liu, Lixue Faculty of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic University China State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510689251

Light field cameras hold significant value in applications such as depth estimation, 3D video acquisition, and image super-resolution. Compared to traditional single-image super-resolution methods, light field images can capture object information from multiple spatial and angular perspectives, which is more conducive to capturing detail information. However, current advanced light field super-resolution models still exhibit issues like blurriness, jaggedness, and dimness in 4x light field super-resolution. To address this, we propose a novel light field super-resolution framework that utilizes the Retinex decomposition concept to solve common problems such as ghosting and overlap, thereby improving image quality. By decomposing the light field image into illumination and reflection components and processing them separately, our model significantly enhances detail preservation and color consistency. Experimental results on multiple datasets demonstrate that our model exhibits outstanding performance, both subjectively and objectively, highlighting the effectiveness of this framework and its broad application potential in the field of computational imaging. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Image acquisition

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Feature Selection in Socio-Economic Analysis: A Multi-Method Approach for Accurate Predictive Outcomes

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International Journal of Crowd science 2025年第1期9卷 64-78页

作者： Al-Qerem, Ahmad Ali, Ali Mohd Jebreen, Issam Nabot, Ahmad Rajab, Mohammed Alauthman, Mohammad Aldweesh, Amjad Aburub, Faisal Alangari, Someah Alzgol, Musab Computer Science Department Faculty of Information Technology Zarqa University Zarqa13110 Jordan Communications and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman19328 Jordan University Headquarter University of Anbar Ramadi31001 Iraq Department of Information Security University of Petra Amman11196 Jordan College of Computing and Information Technology Shaqra University Shaqra11911 Saudi Arabia Department of Business Intelligence and Data Analytics University of Petra Amman11196 Jordan Computer Information Systems Department Faculty of Information Technology Isra University Amman11622 Jordan

Feature selection is a cornerstone in advancing the accuracy and efficiency of predictive models, particularly in nuanced domains like socio-economic analysis. This study explores nine distinct feature selection methods, utilizing a heart disease dataset as a representative model for complex socio-economic systems. Our findings identified four universally recognized features as critical across all selection methods. However, the divergence in significance attributed to other features by different methods underscores the inherent variability in selection techniques. When the top four features were incorporated into twelve classification models, a noticeable surge in predictive accuracy was observed, emphasizing their foundational role in enhancing model outcomes. The variations among methods stress the need for a methodical and discerning approach to feature selection, especially in data-rich socio-economic landscapes. As we venture further into an era defined by data-driven decision-making, rigour and precision in feature selection become indispensable. Future research should extend this approach to broader datasets, ensuring the robustness and adaptability of our findings. © The author(s) 2025.

关键词： Prediction models

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Early Detection of Childhood Malnutrition Using Survey Data and Machine Learning Approaches 4

Early Detection of Childhood Malnutrition Using Survey Data ...

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4th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning, ICSADL 2025

作者： Zumma, Thoufiq Rahaman, Anikur Islam Prova, Nuzhat Noor Haque, Tasriful Joy Bose, Julias Caeser Youki, Ravina Akter Daffodil International University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh Washington University Science and Technology Department of Computer Science New York United States Pace University Department of Seidenberg School of Csis New York United States Victorian Institute of Technology Master of Information Technology and Systems Australia University of Wollongong Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Science Australia University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering and It Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331523923

Children's physical, mental and emotional development depends heavily on sleep, with age-specific sleep needs fluctuating. Malnutrition may result from eating too little, absorbing nutrients poorly, being unwell, living in poverty or not knowing enough about nutrition. Food allergies and iron insufficiency are two examples of illnesses whose onsets might differ depending on environmental exposures and genetics. By providing proper diet, getting medical attention when necessary and encouraging healthy behaviors, parents play a crucial role in supporting their children's health. For children to grow and develop properly, they need meals high in fruits, vegetables, milk, protein, calcium, iron and fiber. Key advantages of a balanced diet include aiding bone formation, improving heart health and encouraging regular bowel motions and digestion. In general, children's general health and wellness depend on caregivers being aware of their dietary requirements and giving them the proper attention. The findings of the research imply that machine learning algorithms may be useful in understanding and predicting the prevalence of malnutrition in children. Furthermore, these algorithms could provide perceptive data that might help politicians create effective policies. In this research, we make use of five different machine learning algorithms. With a decision tree, the accuracy is 0.92%, followed by svm which provides 0.91%, KNN, which provides 0.84%, GBM classifier, which provides 0.79% and random forest, which provides 0.65%. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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MpoxMamba: A Grouped Mamba-based Lightweight Hybrid Network for Mpox Detection

MpoxMamba: A Grouped Mamba-based Lightweight Hybrid Network ...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Yue, Yubiao Xue, Jun Liang, Haihuang Li, Zhenzhang Wang, Yufeng School of Biomedical Engineering Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui University Hefei China School of Mathematics and Systems Science Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University Guangzhou China Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Due to the lack of effective mpox detection tools, the mpox virus continues to spread worldwide and has been once again declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. Lightweight deep learning model-based detection systems are crucial to alleviate mpox outbreaks since they are suitable for widespread deployment, especially in resource-limited scenarios. However, the key to its successful application depends on ensuring that the model can effectively model local features and long-range dependencies in mpox lesions while maintaining lightweight. Inspired by the success of Mamba in modeling long-range dependencies and its linear complexity, we proposed a lightweight hybrid architecture called MpoxMamba for efficient mpox detection. MpoxMamba utilizes depth-wise separable convolutions to extract local feature representations in mpox skin lesions and greatly enhances the model's ability to model the global contextual information by grouped Mamba modules. Notably, MpoxMamba's parameter size and FLOPs are 0.77M and 0.53G, respectively. Experimental results on two widely recognized benchmark datasets demonstrate that MpoxMamba outperforms state-of-the-art lightweight models and existing mpox detection methods. Importantly, we developed a web-based online application to provide free mpox detection. The source code of MpoxMamba and the developed online application are available at https://***/YubiaoYue/MpoxMamba. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Deep Leraning Lightweight Model Mpox Detection Vision Mamba

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