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Combined deep convolutional neural networks for abnormality classification in wireless capsule endoscopy images

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-29页

作者： Garbaz, Anass Lafraxo, Samira Charfi, Said El Ansari, Mohamed Koutti, Lahcen Salihoun, Mouna LabSIV Department of Computer Science Faculty of Sciences Ibn Zohr University Agadir Morocco Informatics and Applications Laboratory Department of Computer Science Faculty of Sciences My Ismail University Meknes Morocco Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat Mohammed V University Rabat Morocco

A digestive disease is a condition that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, ranging from mild to severe. Common issues include heartburn, cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, and lactose intolerance. Additionally, other intestinal concerns such as bleeding, polyps, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcers, diverticulitis, small bowel syndrome, and intestinal ischemia represent further digestive illnesses. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a device designed for endoscopic exploration that employs a compact camera to capture images of the GI tract as it passes through. WCE significantly aids in the identification of GI tract disorders. However, due to the capsule’s rapid transit and the potential for blurry, ambiguous images, abnormalities in certain regions of the intestine may be overlooked. Moreover, frames can become hazy if obstructed by food or stool waste. In this research, we propose a method for detecting abnormalities in WCE images to address these limitations. To achieve high classification performance through the extraction of both high-level and low-level features, we employ a deep CNN that integrates the DenseNet121 model with a residual block. Experimental studies demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques on two publicly available WCE datasets, one focused on bleeding and the other on various abnormalities. The accuracy of the proposed architecture is 96.96% for the Kvasir-Capsule Dataset and 99.50% for the MICCAI 2017 dataset. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Endoscopy

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Cardiovascular Diseases Classification Using the Flow Direction Optimization Algorithms

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer Science 2025年第3期52卷 720-727页

作者： Yahia, Fuad A.F. Mustafa, Hossam M.J. College of Computer Sciences and Informatics Amman Arab University Amman11953 Jordan Faculty of Information Technology University of Petra Amman921100 Jordan

Cardiovascular disease has gained significant attention from researchers in recent years because it is a leading cause of death worldwide. This paper introduces a classification method that employs an optimization algorithm to improve the accuracy of predicting cardiovascular disease development across various genders and age groups. Patient datasets often contain a substantial number of irrelevant, redundant, or noisy features, which can hinder the accuracy of the predictions. To address this issue, we propose the Flow Direction Algorithm (FDA), which selects the most relevant features of a disease to enhance the classification accuracy rate. In the prediction stage, we combined a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with the flow direction optimization algorithm (FDA) to identify the most relevant features. To enhance the classification results, this study investigated the FDA, OFDA, Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms combination with K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and SVM classification algorithms. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated using accuracy, recall, precision, and selected features ratio as measures. The proposed algorithms based on SVM and KNN are compared using three datasets: the Heart Failure Clinical Dataset (HFCD), the Heart Dataset (HD), and the Heart Disease Prediction Dataset (HDPD) obtained from the UCI repository. The experimental results demonstrated that the SVM and KNN algorithms performed better when combined with the FDA or OFDA optimization algorithms. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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R2A-UNET: double attention mechanisms with residual blocks for enhanced MRI image segmentation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-31页

作者： Bentaher, Noura Lafraxo, Samira Kabbadj, Younes Ben Salah, Mohamed El Ansari, Mohamed Wakrim, Soukaina Department of Computer Science Faculty of Sciences Ibn Zohr University Agadir Morocco Informatics and Applications Laboratory Department of Computer Science Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco Department of Radiology University Hospital of Agadir Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir Ibnou Zohr University Agadir Morocco

Gliomas, a highly aggressive and malignant category of brain tumors, continue to pose a significant global health challenge. Originating from the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of glial cells within the brain, these tumors often result in severe neurological impairments and high mortality rates, underscoring the urgency for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Early diagnosis can significantly improve outcomes and survival. Consequently, precise segmentation of tumor tissue in medical images is critical for accurate brain tumor diagnosis and effective treatment. However, achieving high-precision segmentation remains challenging due to the complex and variable nature of tumor structures in medical images. To address this problem, we developed R2A-UNET, a U-shaped architecture that leverages the power of residual blocks and attention mechanisms. To enhance the model’s ability to capture critical and relevant information, we incorporated two advanced attention mechanisms. These mechanisms are designed to prioritize important features while suppressing irrelevant or redundant details, thereby significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of feature extraction across varying datasets. Normalized Channel Attention (NCA) was integrated in each encoder stage, generating a squeezed vector with relevant features at the end of the contracting path. Normalized Spatial Attention (NSA) was included in the skip connection in the middle of the encoder and decoder, generating more concentrated feature maps before concatenation on the decoder side. These mechanisms enable the model to focus on specific pixel values that more accurately localize abnormalities. In our study, we evaluated the performance of our model using two MRI image datasets: the LGG (Lower-Grade Glioma) segmentation database and the BraTS 2018 dataset. Our method achieved a DSC of 92% and an IoU of 86% on the LGG dataset. On the BraTS dataset, it achieved a DSC of 94.79% and an IoU of 90.12%, dem

关键词： Medical imaging

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Addressing Imbalance in Health Datasets: A New Method NR-Clustering SMOTE and Distance Metric Modification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2931-2949页

作者： Hairani Hairani Triyanna Widiyaningtyas Didik Dwi Prasetya Afrig Aminuddin Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesia Department of Computer Science Universitas BumigoraMataram83127Indonesia Department of Computer Graphic and Multimedia Faculty of ComputingCollege of Computing and Applied SciencesUniversiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia

An imbalanced dataset often challenges machine learning, particularly classification methods. Underrepresented minority classes can result in biased and inaccurate models. The Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) was developed to address the problem of imbalanced data. Over time, several weaknesses of the SMOTE method have been identified in generating synthetic minority class data, such as overlapping, noise, and small disjuncts. However, these studies generally focus on only one of SMOTE’s weaknesses: noise or overlapping. Therefore, this study addresses both issues simultaneously by tackling noise and overlapping in SMOTE-generated data. This study proposes a combined approach of filtering, clustering, and distance modification to reduce noise and overlapping produced by SMOTE. Filtering removes minority class data (noise) located in majority class regions, with the k-nn method applied for filtering. The use of Noise Reduction (NR), which removes data that is considered noise before applying SMOTE, has a positive impact in overcoming data imbalance. Clustering establishes decision boundaries by partitioning data into clusters, allowing SMOTE with modified distance metrics to generate minority class data within each cluster. This SMOTE clustering and distance modification approach aims to minimize overlap in synthetic minority data that could introduce noise. The proposed method is called “NR-Clustering SMOTE,” which has several stages in balancing data: (1) filtering by removing minority classes close to majority classes (data noise) using the k-nn method;(2) clustering data using K-means aims to establish decision boundaries by partitioning data into several clusters;(3) applying SMOTE oversampling with Manhattan distance within each cluster. Test results indicate that the proposed NR-Clustering SMOTE method achieves the best performance across all evaluation metrics for classification methods such as Random Forest, SVM, and Naїve Bayes, compared t

关键词： SMOTE modification Clustering-SMOTE manhattan distance

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A novel hybrid deep learning framework for pedestrian detection based on thermal infrared and visible spectrum images

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-27页

作者： Defaoui, Mahassine Koutti, Lahcen El Ansari, Mohamed Lahmyed, Redouan Masmoudi, Lhoussaine LabSIV Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science Ibn Zohr University Agadir80000 Morocco Informatics and Applications Laboratory Faculty of Science My Ismail University Meknes Morocco Conception and Systems Laboratory Faculty of Sciences Mohamed V University Rabat Morocco

For many intelligent systems, designing accurate pedestrian detection approaches is a fundamental task. This paper describes a novel hybrid system to detect pedestrians using both visible and thermal infrared sensors. The proposed method is achieved in two primary stages. The first stage, hypotheses generation (HG), aims to extract the regions that represent suspected pedestrians from the image. It is performed using both thermal and visible images of the same scene. Here, an improved deep learning-based solution with a convolutional neural network named PedTherm-U-net is proposed. It segments the thermal images and maps the segmentation results into the corresponding visible image to extract the ROIs (candidate pedestrians). The second stage, hypotheses verification (HV), classifies the ROIs extracted from the first stage into pedestrians and non-pedestrians. In the HV step, a novel PedVis-ResNet framework to classify the extracted ROIs is introduced. It is a modified version of ResNet model dedicated to classify the visible pedestrian samples. The proposed method has been tested on the publicly accessible OSU Color-Thermal dataset, and the obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method when compared to the recent state of the art pedestrian detection approaches. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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Drone-Based Public Surveillance Using 3D Point Clouds and Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 4759-4776页

作者： Yawar Abbas Aisha Ahmed Alarfaj Ebtisam Abdullah Alabdulqader Asaad Algarni Ahmad Jalal Hui Liu Faculty of Computing and AI Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityRafha91911Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of InformaticsKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea Cognitive Systems Lab University of BremenBremen28359Germany

Human Activity Recognition(HAR)in drone-captured videos has become popular because of the interest in various fields such as video surveillance,sports analysis,and human-robot ***,recognizing actions from such videos poses the following challenges:variations of human motion,the complexity of backdrops,motion blurs,occlusions,and restricted camera *** research presents a human activity recognition system to address these challenges by working with drones’red-green-blue(RGB)*** first step in the proposed system involves partitioning videos into frames and then using bilateral filtering to improve the quality of object foregrounds while reducing background interference before converting from RGB to grayscale *** YOLO(You Only Look Once)algorithm detects and extracts humans from each frame,obtaining their skeletons for further *** joint angles,displacement and velocity,histogram of oriented gradients(HOG),3D points,and geodesic Distance are *** features are optimized using Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA)and utilized in a Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier(NFC)for activity ***-world evaluations on the Drone-Action,Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-Gesture,and Okutama-Action datasets substantiate the proposed system’s superiority in accuracy rates over existing *** particular,the system obtains recognition rates of 93%for drone action,97%for UAV gestures,and 81%for Okutama-action,demonstrating the system’s reliability and ability to learn human activity from drone videos.

关键词： Activity recognition geodesic distance pattern recognition neuro fuzzy classifier

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Supervised learning applied to electrocardiogram statistical features for the detection of premature ventricular contraction

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Research on Biomedical Engineering 2025年第1期41卷 1-12页

作者： Issa, Khouloud Rammal, Abbas Assaf, Rabih Ghandour, Ahmad Electrical and Communication Engineering Department College of Engineering Phoenicia University Zahrani South Lebanon Statistics and Informatics Department Faculty of Science Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon Mathematics and Computer Sciences Department Faculty of Arts and Sciences Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon Department of Mathematics Faculty of Arts and Sciences Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Jounieh Lebanon Biomedical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Islamic University of Lebanon Wardenieh30014 Lebanon

Purpose: The development of an automated premature ventricular contraction (PVC) detection system has significant implications for early intervention and treatment decisions. This study aims to develop a novel approach using various supervised machine learning (ML) methods for detecting PVCs in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. Methodology: To achieve this, we extracted ten distinct statistical and temporal features from 33 long-term ECG recordings from the benchmark MIT-BIH arrhythmia database (MIT-BIH-AD), capturing significant characteristics from the signals. We then investigated the effectiveness of traditional ML algorithms in identifying PVCs based on these features, namely support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), naïve Bayes (NB), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and artificial neural network (ANN). Results: Among these classifiers, the SVM, KNN, ANN, and DT classifiers demonstrated exceptional discriminatory power and classification performance, yielding near-perfect area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) values of 97.3%, 95.4%, 95%, and 94.1%, respectively. On the other hand, the SVM classifier emerged as the most accurate, achieving an overall accuracy of 97.39%, indicative of making correct predictions. Conclusion: These findings underscore the generalization of the proposed approach, especially since we worked on an extended dataset encompassing different types of heartbeats to discriminate PVCs from other heartbeat types, not only normal ones, and providing closer alignment with real-world scenarios. Subsequently, the robustness and accuracy of these models highlight their suitability for clinical applications and their potential for efficient implementation and deployment in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as they demand minimal computational resources and time. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical Engineering 2025.

关键词： Decision trees

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RT-PPS: Real-time privacy-preserving scheme for cloud-hosted IoT data

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Journal of High Speed Networks 2025年第1期31卷 71-89页

作者： Elhoseny, Mohamed Riad, Khaled College of Computing and Informatics University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Faculty of Computers and Information Mansoura University Mansoura35516 Egypt Computer Science Department College of Computer Sciences & Information Technology King Faisal University Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig44519 Egypt

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing network of devices that can communicate with each other and with cloud-based services. These devices generate vast amounts of data that can be used to provide valuable insights into user behavior, environmental conditions, and other important factors. However, as this data is collected and processed by cloud-hosted services, there is a growing concern about privacy and security. Without adequate protection, sensitive information could be exposed to hackers or other malicious actors, putting both individuals and organizations at risk. To address this challenge, real-time privacy-preserving techniques can be used to protect IoT data without compromising its value. This paper introduces an efficient Real-time privacy-preserving scheme (RT-PPS) for cloud-hosted IoT data. RT-PPS employs multi-authority attribute-based encryption on a hybrid cloud environment to keep data secure and private, while still allowing it to be processed and analyzed by cloud-hosted services. RT-PPS has efficient response time and resource consumption, which gives it the ability to handle a huge number of concurrent users at the same time without notable delay. The proposed RT-PPS has been validated through extensive experimental evaluation on a variety of configurations. Moreover, the proposed scheme has been computationally compared with the state-of-the-artwork. RT-PPS has shown excellent performance, effectiveness, and efficiency. The RT-PPS encryption time for a 1 GB dataset while considering 1024 slices is approximately 1000 ms. Also, the RT-PPS decryption time for a 1 GB ciphertext while considering 1024 slices are approximately 235 ms. Finally, RT-PPS is proven secure against any polynomial-time attacks and their variations that have at most a negligible advantage in the introduced security model. Moreover compared to most of the state-of-the-artwork, RT-PPS reduced the ciphertext size and lowered the computations in the encryption, key g

关键词： Ciphertext

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Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Swin Transformer and Diffusion Models for Robust Image Denoising

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 71880-71907页

作者： El-Nabi, Samy Abd Ibrahim, Ahmed F. El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. Hassan, Osama F. Soliman, Naglaa F. Ramadan, Khalil F. El-Shafai, Walid Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Artificial Intelligence Engineering South Sinai 46511 Egypt Menoufia University Faculty of Electronic Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Menouf32952 Egypt Suez Canal University Faculty of Computers and Informatics Information Systems Department Ismailia41522 Egypt Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Information Technology P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia

With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems and growing emphasis on driver safety, real-time detection of driver drowsiness has become a critical area of research. This study presents a robust and scalable driver drowsiness detection framework that integrates a Swin Transformer-based deep learning model with a diffusion model for image denoising. While conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are effective in standard vision tasks, they often suffer performance degradation in real-world driving scenarios due to noise, poor lighting, motion blur, and adversarial attacks. To address these challenges, the proposed model focuses on eye-state detection, specifically, prolonged eye closure, as a primary indicator of driver disengagement and fatigue. Our system introduces a novel preprocessing stage using a denoising diffusion model built on a U-Net encoder-decoder architecture, effectively mitigating the impact of Gaussian noise and adversarial perturbations. Additionally, we incorporate adversarial training with Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) attacks, demonstrating significant improvements in classification accuracy and resilience. Evaluations are conducted on two benchmark datasets, Eye-Blink and Closed Eyes in the Wild (CEW), under both clean and noisy conditions. Comparative experiments show that the proposed system outperforms several state-of-the-art models, including ViT, ResNet50V2, InceptionV3, MobileNet, DenseNet169, and VGG19, in terms of accuracy (up to 99.82%), PSNR (up to 41.61 dB), and SSIM (up to 0.984), while maintaining competitive inference times suitable for practical deployment. Moreover, a detailed sensitivity analysis of data augmentation strategies reveals that techniques such as rotation and horizontal flip substantially enhance the model’s generalization across variable visual inputs. The system also demonstrates improved robustness under real-world black-box scenarios and adver

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Enhancing Classification Algorithm Recommendation in Automated Machine Learning: A Meta-Learning Approach Using Multivariate Sparse Group Lasso

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第2期142卷 1611-1636页

作者： Irfan Khan Xianchao Zhang Ramesh Kumar Ayyasamy Saadat M.Alhashmi Azizur Rahim School of Software Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116620China Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanKampar31900Malaysia College of Computing and Informatics University of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Systems Engineering University of Engineering and Applied SciencesSwat19200Pakistan

The rapid growth of machine learning(ML)across fields has intensified the challenge of selecting the right algorithm for specific tasks,known as the Algorithm Selection Problem(ASP).Traditional trial-and-error methods have become impractical due to their resource *** Machine Learning(AutoML)systems automate this process,but often neglect the group structures and sparsity in meta-features,leading to inefficiencies in algorithm recommendations for classification *** paper proposes a meta-learning approach using Multivariate Sparse Group Lasso(MSGL)to address these *** method models both within-group and across-group sparsity among meta-features to manage high-dimensional data and reduce multicollinearity across eight meta-feature *** Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm(FISTA)with adaptive restart efficiently solves the non-smooth optimization *** validation on 145 classification datasets with 17 classification algorithms shows that our meta-learning method outperforms four state-of-the-art approaches,achieving 77.18%classification accuracy,86.07%recommendation accuracy and 88.83%normalized discounted cumulative gain.

关键词： Meta-learning machine learning automated machine learning classification meta-features

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