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A Non-Blind Watermarking Scheme for Gray Scale Images in Discrete Wavelet Transform Domain using Two Subbands

International Journal of computer Science Issues 2012年第5 5-1期9卷 101-109页

作者： Shahid, Abdur Badsha, Shahriar Kabeer, Md. Rethwan Ahsan, Junaid Mahmud, Mufti Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chittagong-4349 Bangladesh Department of Electrical Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Computer Science and Information System University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Faculty of Business Administration American International University-Bangladesh Dhaka-1213 Bangladesh

Digital watermarking is the process to hide digital pattern directly into a digital content. Digital watermarking techniques are used to address digital rights management, protect information and conceal secrets. An invisible non-blind watermarking approach for gray scale images is proposed in this paper. The host image is decomposed into 3-levels using Discrete Wavelet Transform. Based on the parent-child relationship between the wavelet coefficients the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) compression algorithm is performed on the LH3, LH2, HL3 and HL2 subbands to find out the significant coefficients. The most significant coefficients of LH2 and HL2 bands are selected to embed a binary watermark image. The selected significant coefficients are modulated using Noise Visibility Function, which is considered as the best strength to ensure better imperceptibility. The approach is tested against various image processing attacks such as addition of noise, filtering, cropping, JPEG compression, histogram equalization and contrast adjustment. The experimental results reveal the high effectiveness of the method. © 2012 International Journal of computer Science Issues.

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms

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An immune system approach to personalize search results

An immune system approach to personalize search results

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2011 11th International Conference on Intelligent systems Design and Applications, ISDA'11

作者： Rastegari, Hamid Shamsuddin, Siti Mariyam Faculty of Computer Science and Information System University Technology Malaysia Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781457716751

Since dawn of the World Wide Web, the retrieval of relevant information has been a major problem for search engines. Current Web search engines use search algorithms to generate results that are suitable for discovering relevant pages to a query, but in doing so they do not consider the user who requested the query. A personalization system helps users to find interesting documents based on their preferences. The issue in this field is low accuracy in retrieved relevant information for particular user. This article proposed a novel technique to personalize the search results. We utilize artificial immune system (AIS) as a successful intelligent technique to find relevant pages in the search results based on user preferences. According to the obtain result, the proposed algorithm based on the AIS improved accuracy in retrieval of relevant information in the Web search results. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Search engines

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A Convertibility Study on the Conversion between FPA and COSMIC for Real Time systems

A Convertibility Study on the Conversion between FPA and COS...

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Joint Conference of the Int'l Workshop on and International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement Software Measurement

作者： Abedallah Zaid Abualkishik Mohd Hasan Selamat Abdul Azim Abd Ghani Rodziah Atan Jean Marc Desharnais Adel Khelifi Department of Information System Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Software Engineering and IT Department École de Technologie Supérieure Montreal Canada Software Engineering Department ALHOSN University Abu Dhabi UAE

Function Point Analysis (FPA) measurement method was proposed primarily to measure the functional size of management information systems. The method has been criticized as an inadequate method to measure the functional size of Real Time (RT) applications. Many extensions have been made to the original method to extend its applicability to size RT applications. The Common Software Measurement International Consortium (COSMIC) designed COSMIC function point measurement method to meet the requirement of measuring a wider scope of software domains, particularly, RT applications. This paper aims to derive a convertibility equation between the two methods for small-size RT applications. A systematic conversion approach was applied using two types of conversion (using the unadjusted FPA size and transaction functions size) using 13 small-size RT applications, considering the quality of requirements, via linear and non-linear regression models. The results show that RT applications have a varied functional size for processes, in which FPA method could not quantify it adequately, mainly because of the FPA weighting system tables and the inadequate representation of data files. Moreover, the results show that there is a significant correlation between the two methods, but the conversion factor is slightly larger than the previous studies, in which the conversion factor is more than 1. However, some limitations of FPA method rules relative to RT applications cast some doubts on the possibility to extend the conversion for larger applications size.

关键词： Software Equations Software measurement Size measurement Mathematical model Accuracy Real-time systems

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Theoretical and Probabilistic Conversion Model between FPA and COSMIC Measurement Method

Theoretical and Probabilistic Conversion Model between FPA a...

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Joint Conference of the Int'l Workshop on and International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement Software Measurement

作者： Abedallah Zaid Abualkishik Mohd Hasan Selamat Abdul Azim Abd Ghani Rodziah Atan Jean Marc Desharnais Adel Khelifi Department of Information System Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Software Engineering and IT Department École de Technologie Supérieure Montreal Canada Software Engineering Department ALHOSN University Abu Dhabi UAE

Functional Size Measurement (FSM) has been widely adopted by software organizations over the past years. In particular, Function Point Analysis (FPA) measurement method as the eldest and the most globally FSM method used. In the middle of 90s, COSMIC measurement method was designed to cover the limitations of previous FSM methods, and to size wider scope of application domains. COSMIC measurement method had received special attention due to its novelties and merits it offers. In this respect, many organizations have moved from using FPA to the COSMIC measurement method, mainly because FPA cannot size as many software project types as COSMIC. Since there have been many projects sized with FPA are available in various databases, researchers undertook to compare the Unadjusted FPA (UFP) size and COSMIC Function Point (CFP) size unit statistically, towards converting FPA data in to its corresponding value in CFP. In the literature, there is only one conversion model that converts the size at the level of Basic Functional Components (BFCs) between the two methods. This paper examines the accuracy of the conversion model that converts the size at the level of BFCs. Moreover, this paper presents a theoretical and probabilistic conversion model that converts the FPA transaction functions size to the most likely corresponding CFP size at the level of BFCs. The proposed model considers the primary intent and the processing logic forms of each FPA transaction function BFC, measurement best practices and COSMIC method rules. The proposed model has been validated using 14 industrial business applications. The model was found to adequately and high accurately convert all the projects tested precisely. The model might be useful for companies that are using both methods or planning to adopt the COSMIC method as a conversion or validation procedure.

关键词： Equations Mathematical model Data models Software Size measurement Software measurement Process control

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A categorization of model-driven approaches for developing semantic web service

A categorization of model-driven approaches for developing s...

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3rd International Conference on Data Mining and Intelligent Information technology Applications, ICMIA 2011

作者： Kalantari, Alaeddin Ibrahim, Suhaimi Tabatabaei, Sayed Gholam Hassan Taherdoot, Hamed Faculty of Computer Science and Information System University Technology Malaysia Malaysia University Technology Malaysia Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9788988678480

Since the reusing and arranging of available Web services have been raised, the amount of infrastructure strategies based on Service Oriented architecture (SOA) is increasing. Hence, a rich Semantic Web service description is needed to achieve an automated Web service discovery, composition and invocation. On the other hand, the acceptance of Semantic Web service is still decelerating because of its language complexity and lack of knowledge in the field of knowledge engineering and knowledge representation among developers. Due to the proper assessment of model-driven approaches that are used to develop Semantic Web services, it is significant to have an appropriate categorization of these approaches. Thus, the key goal of this paper is to classify several model-driven approaches for developing Semantic Web services. Based on this study, there are three main categories namely software methodology, meta-model, and UML formalist based approaches. © 2011 AICIT.

关键词： Web services

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Towards requirement analysis pattern for learning agents

Towards requirement analysis pattern for learning agents

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11th International Workshop on Agent-Oriented Software Engineering XI, AOSE 2010

作者： Vafadar, Shiva Abdollahzadeh Barfourosh, Ahmad Intelligent System Lab. Computer Engineering and IT Faculty Amirkabir University of Technology Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9783642226359

Learning is a capability that can be incorporated into software agents to handle the complexity of dynamic and unexpected situations, exploiting available artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Despite design techniques for learning agents have been discussed in agent oriented software engineering literature, how to identify and analyze the requirements for learning agents is still poorly addressed. In this paper, we introduce a pattern for requirement analysis of learning agents. This analysis pattern contains a group of related, generic meta-classes of learning and their relations in a domain neutral manner which can be described as elements of conceptual modeling of learning requirement of agents. The applicability of the pattern has been investigated through the development of a book trading case study. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Intelligent agents

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A preliminary investigation towards test suite optimization approach for enhanced state-sensitivity partitioning

A preliminary investigation towards test suite optimization ...

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International Conference on Instrumentation, Communication, Information technology and Biomedical Engineering 2011, ICICI-BME 2011

作者： Sapaat, Myzatul Akmam Baharom, Salmi Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University Putra Malaysia Malaysia Department of Information System Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University Putra Malaysia Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781457711657

Testing is crucial in software development. Continuous researches being done to discover effective approaches in testing that capable to detect faults despite of reducing cost. Previous work in State-Sensitivity Partitioning (SSP) technique, which based on all-transition coverage criterion, has been introduced to avoid exhaustively testing the entire data states of a module by partitioning it based on state's sensitivity towards events, conditions and action. The test data for that particular module testing is in form of event sequences (or test sequence) and sets of test sequences in test cases will perform SSP test suite. The problem occurs in SSP test suite is data state redundancy that leads towards suite growth. This paper aims to discuss an initial step of our ongoing research in enhancing prior SSP test suite. Our work will try to find out the best way in removing redundant data state in order to minimize the suite size but yet capable to detect faults introduced by five selective mutation operators effectively as the original suite. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Testing

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Fiber Bragg grating based surface plasmon resonance sensor utilizing FDTD for alcohol detection applications

Fiber Bragg grating based surface plasmon resonance sensor u...

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International Conference on Photonics (ICP)

作者： P. T. Arasu Yusser Al-Qazwini Baharil I. Onn A. S. M. Noor Wireless and Photonic Network Research Center Faculty of Engineering Communication Technology Section British Malaysia Institute Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Wireless and Photonic Network Research Center Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Wireless and Photonic Network Research Center Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer and Communications System Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is investigated using 2-D finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation. The sensitivity and accuracy of the sensor with and without gratings is observed as well as the effect of changing the grating distance on the resonant wavelength. The findings show that high sensitivity of above 500nm/RIU and a fourfold increase in signal to noise ratio (SNR) is obtained by introducing FBG to the basic fiber optic based SPR structure. Increasing the grating period results in a red shift in the resonant wavelength, thus enabling multiple sensor fabrication on a single fiber optic cable. Simulation of the FBG based SPR sensor to detect alcohol concentration from 0 to 100% in water is also demonstrated.

关键词： Fiber gratings Optical fibers Optical fiber sensors Gratings Optical surface waves Sensitivity

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Clustering-based Discriminative Locality Alignment for Face Gender Recognition

Clustering-based Discriminative Locality Alignment for Face ...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and systems

作者： Duo Chen Jun Cheng Dacheng Tao College of Communication Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China. He is also with the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China. He is also with the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System. Center for Quantum Computation and Intelligent System Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney New South Wales 2007 Australia.

ISBN: (数字)9781467317368

ISBN: (纸本)9781467317375

To facilitate human-robot interactions, human gender information is very important. Motivated by the success of manifold learning for visual recognition, we present a novel clustering-based discriminative locality alignment (CDLA) algorithm to discover the low-dimensional intrinsic submanifold from the embedding high-dimensional ambient space for improving the face gender recognition performance. In particular, CDLA exploits the global geometry through k-means clustering, extracts the discriminative information through margin maximization and explores the local geometry through intra cluster sample concentration. These three properties uniquely characterize CDLA for face gender recognition. The experimental results obtained from the FERET data sets suggest the superiority of the proposed method in terms of recognition speed and accuracy by comparing with several representative methods.

关键词： FERET CDLA comparing Recognition (Psychology) Gender Global geometry Compare Face Face

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A knowledge-based system for measuring the quality of the distribution of salami slices on pizza crusts

A knowledge-based system for measuring the quality of the di...

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2011 1st IEEE Jordan Conference on Applied Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies, AEECT 2011

作者： Mashi, Mohammad Ament, Christoph Department of System Analysis Faculty of Computer Science and Automation Ilmenau University of Technology Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710841

All manufacturing companies have been trying to integrate intelligence-oriented strategies into their workflow. This saves time and money and leads to a better quality of goods. This intelligent strategy is in the subject area of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In our contribution a Knowledge-Based system (KBS) for image processing and pattern recognition, machine learning (ML) is used to measure the quality of the distribution of salami slices on pizza crusts. Measuring quality provides the opportunity to correct the position of the salami slices by automated systems (e.g. a robot arm) in the future rather than by employees. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Fuzzy logic

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