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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhou, Tong Ding, Chen Jing, Changhong Liu, Feng Hung, Kevin Pham, Hieu Mahmud, Mufti Lyu, Zhihan Qiao, Sibo Wang, Shuqiang Tsang, Kim-Fung The Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100864 China The Department of Systems and Enterprises Stevens Institute of Technology United States School of Science and Technology Hong Kong Metropolitan University Hong Kong College of Engineering and Computer Science VinUni-Illinois Smart Health Center VinUniversity Viet Nam Department of Information and Computer Science SDAIA-KFUPM Joint Research Center for AI Interdisciplinary Research Center for Biosystems and Machines King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia Department of Game Design Faculty of Arts Uppsala University Sweden The School of Software Tiangong University Tianjin300387 China

The relationship between brain structure and function is critical for revealing the pathogenesis of brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, mapping brain structure to function connections is a very challenging task. In this work, a bidirectional graph generative adversarial network (BG-GAN) is proposed to represent brain structure-function connections. Specifically, by designing a module incorporating inner graph convolution network (InnerGCN), the generators of BG-GAN can employ features of direct and indirect brain regions to learn the mapping function between the structural domain and the functional domain. Besides, a new module named Balancer is designed to counterpoise the optimization between generators and discriminators. By introducing the Balancer into BG-GAN, both the structural generator and functional generator can not only alleviate the issue of mode collapse but also learn complementarity of structural and functional features. Experimental results using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset show that both generated structure and function connections can improve the identification accuracy of AD. The experimental findings suggest that the relationship between brain structure and function is not a complete one-to-one correspondence. They also suggest that brain structure is the basis of brain function, and the strong structural connections are majorly accompanied by strong functional connections. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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Design, monitoring, and testing of microservices systems: The Practitioners’ perspective

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Waseem, Muhammad Liang, Peng Shahin, Mojtaba Salle, Amleto Di Márquez, Gastón School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Department of Software Systems and Cybersecurity Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Melbourne3800 Australia Department of Information Engineering Computer Science and Mathematics University of L’Aquila L’AquilaI-67100 Italy Department of Electronics and Informatics Federico Santa María Technical University Concepción4030000 Chile

Context: Microservices Architecture (MSA) has received significant attention in the software industry. However, little empirical evidence exists on design, monitoring, and testing of microservices systems. Objective: This research aims to gain a deep understanding of how microservices systems are designed, monitored, and tested in the industry. Method: A mixed-methods study was conducted with 106 survey responses and 6 interviews from microservices practitioners. Results: The main findings are: (1) a combination of domain-driven design and business capability is the most used strategy to decompose an application into microservices, (2) over half of the participants used architecture evaluation and architecture implementation when designing microservices systems, (3) API gateway and Backend for frontend patterns are the most used MSA patterns, (4) resource usage and load balancing as monitoring metrics, log management and exception tracking as monitoring practices are widely used, (5) unit and end-to-end testing are the most used testing strategies, and (6) the complexity of microservices systems poses challenges for their design, monitoring, and testing, for which there are no dedicated solutions. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that more research is needed to (1) deal with microservices complexity at the design level, (2) handle security in microservices systems, and (3) address the monitoring and testing challenges through dedicated solutions. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Surveys

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ER Model Partitioning: Towards Trustworthy Automated systems Development

SSRN

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SSRN 2020年

作者： Pieris, Dhammika Wijegunesekera, M.C. Dias, N.G.J. Department of Human Resource Management Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Computing and Technology University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka Department of Computer Systems Engineering Faculty of Computing and Technology University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka

In database development, a conceptual model is created, in the form of an Entity-relationship(ER) model, and transformed to a relational database schema (RDS) to create the database. However, some important information represented on the ER model may not be transformed and represented on the RDS. This situation causes a loss of information during the transformation process. With a view to preserving information, in our previous study, we standardized the transformation process as a one-to-one and onto mapping from the ER model to the RDS. For this purpose, we modified the ER model and the transformation algorithm resolving some deficiencies existed in them. Since the mapping was established using a few real-world cases as a basis and for verification purposes, a formal-proof is necessary to validate the work. Thus, the ongoing research aiming to create a proof will show how a given ER model can be partitioned into a unique set of segments and use it to represent the ER model itself. How the findings can be used to complete the proof in the future will also be explained. Significance of the research on automating database development, teaching conceptual modeling, and using formal methods will also be discussed. © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mapping

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Loss Functions in Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Review

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Elharrouss, Omar Mahmood, Yasir Bechqito, Yassine Serhani, Mohamed Adel Badidi, Elarbi Riffi, Jamal Tairi, Hamid Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering College of Information Technology United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates Department of Information Systems College of Computing and Informatics University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Informatics Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fez Morocco

Loss functions are at the heart of deep learning, shaping how models learn and perform across diverse tasks. They are used to quantify the difference between predicted outputs and ground truth labels, guiding the optimization process to minimize errors. Selecting the right loss function is critical, as it directly impacts model convergence, generalization, and overall performance across various applications, from computer vision to time series forecasting. This paper presents a comprehensive review of loss functions, covering fundamental metrics like Mean Squared Error and Cross-Entropy to advanced functions such as Adversarial and Diffusion losses. We explore their mathematical foundations, impact on model training, and strategic selection for various applications, including computer vision (Discriminative and generative), tabular data prediction, and time series forecasting. For each of these categories, we discuss the most used loss functions in the recent advancements of deep learning techniques. Also, this review explore the historical evolution, computational efficiency, and ongoing challenges in loss function design, underlining the need for more adaptive and robust solutions. Emphasis is placed on complex scenarios involving multi-modal data, class imbalances, and real-world constraints. Finally, we identify key future directions, advocating for loss functions that enhance interpretability, scalability, and generalization, leading to more effective and resilient deep learning models. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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ER model Partitioning: Towards Trustworthy Automated systems Development

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

关键词： Mapping

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Optimal medicinal cupping points selection for asthma disease via graph colouring: A preliminary study 12

Optimal medicinal cupping points selection for asthma diseas...

引用

12th Seminar on Science and Technology 2018

作者： Yusof, Yuhani Binti Mohamad, Mohd Shambin Adzhar, Noraziah Hanafi, Nurfatihah Mohamad Elizabeth, Marta Abu Bakar, Muhamad Faiz Ibrahim, Mohd Adhha AIMs Research Cluster Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Malaysia Faculty of Computer Systems and Software Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak Pahang Gambang Kuantan 26300 Malaysia Pahang Kuantan Malaysia

Medicinal cupping is a traditional therapy which used by applying a cup on acu-points or cupping points and the pressure inside the cup is reduced so that the skin and superficial muscle layer is drawn into and held in the cup. Since all diseases and pains have their specific area to be cupped, most cupping practitioners usually recognize the cupping points based upon the disease and the patient's complaints. Hence, they will randomly choose the points upon request due to the money constraint. However, there is no mathematical approach on guaranteeing the handy method is optimized. Thus, in this paper, a graph model is proposed on finding the optimal number of cupping points for asthma disease via graph colouring approach. This mathematical model will further benefit to the biomathematics and medical fields, especially to the industrial cupping practitioners. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Diseases

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Managing MyGRANTS Fragmented Database Using Binary Vote Assignment Grid Quorum with Association Rule (BVAGQ-AR) Replication Model 2nd

Managing MyGRANTS Fragmented Database Using Binary Vote Assi...

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2nd International Conference on Advanced Data and Information engineering, DaEng 2015

作者： Noraziah, Ahmad Fauzi, Ainul Azila Che Mohd, Wan Maseri Wan Herawan, Tutut Abdullah, Zailani Faculty of Computer Systems & Software Engineering University of Malaysia Pahang Gambang KuantanPahang26300 Malaysia Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia School of Informatics & Applied Mathematics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811317972

Replication is one of the mechanisms managing data since it improves data access and reliability. However, in recent years, with widely available, low-cost technology, the amount of various data grows rapidly. The problem is although we are packed with data, but we have lacked of knowledge. Nevertheless, if the impractical data is used in database replication, this will cause waste of data storage and the time taken for a replication process will be delayed. This paper propose a new algorithm namely Binary Vote Assignment on Grid Quorum with Association Rule (BVAGQ-AR) in order to handle fragmented database replication. BVAGQ-AR algorithm is capable of partitioning the database into disjoint fragments. Fragmentation in distributed database is very useful in terms of usage, reliability and efficiency. Handling fragmented database replication becomes challenging issue to administrator since the distributed database is scattered into split replica partitions or fragments. We address how to build reliable system by using the proposed BVAGQ-AR algorithm for distributed database fragmentation by using Malaysian Greater Research Network (MyGRANTS) data as a case study. The result shows that managing fragmented database replication through proposed BVAGQ-AR algorithm able to preserve MyGRANTS data consistency. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.

关键词： Association rules

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A novelmethod to improve the retrieved multilingual documents score

A novelmethod to improve the retrieved multilingual document...

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2019 International Conference on computer, Control, Electrical, and Electronics engineering, ICCCEEE 2019

作者： Aboras, Abas Solyman, Aiman Abobieda, Albaraa Yousif, Hajer South China University of Technology School of Software Engineering Guangzhou China International University of Africa Faculty of Computer Studies Khartoum Sudan Sudan University of Science and Technology SUST Department of Computer Systems and Networks Khartoum Sudan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728110066

With an ever-increasing number of resources on the Web, different language resources such as newspapers, magazines, and articles have become available. This demands for an improved technique in the information retrieval to extirpate the communication barrier among languages. Search engines are the cornerstones for informational contents and the link between the two parties of publishing and retrieval of content. Moreover, the search for information is no longer narrowed to users of the native language of the original source. Most of the non-English users such as Arabic speakers are unable to express the terms in their own language. Also, the terminologies written in the native language of the source are acquired from the English language. This challenge drives users to use mixed terms (multilingual terms) to get better results, especially in the scientific domain. This paper attempts to address the problem of documents retrieval using multilingual queries. When users use mixed queries, the results of the multilingual documents will dominate the top of the retrieved documents rather than other relevant documents, and the scores of the mixed documents obtain extra weight values that are not really part of their actual weighting value. This paper proposes a novel method to improve the results of the retrieved documents by adjusting the score of multilingual documents. For experiments, we used a mixed test collection containing mixedlanguage documents (Arabic and English). The results showed that the proposed method led to an enhanced performance in documents retrieval from multilingual queries which made them relevant, effective and accurate thus proving that our approach is more reliable than other traditional approaches. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Information retrieval

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An energy-aware distributed open market model for UAV-assisted communications

An energy-aware distributed open market model for UAV-assist...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Rafay Iqbal Ansari Nouman Ashraf Christos Politis School of Computer Science and Mathematics Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing Kingston University London United Kingdom Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG) Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland.

ISBN: (数字)9781728152073

ISBN: (纸本)9781728140537

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have opened up numerous opportunities in terms of connectivity, especially in the context of realizing the vision of ubiquitous connectivity for 5G and beyond (B5G). The ease of mobility makes the UAV base stations (UAV-BSs) a viable candidate for providing `on demand' services to the users. Moreover, viewing the spectrum crunch experienced by traditional cellular networks, the UAV-BSs can share the burden of providing connectivity. UAV-BSs can open up several business opportunities for mobile network operators (MNOs). In this paper, we propose an open market model, where a UAV-BS has the opportunity to establish a link with a terrestrial BS (TBS) of an MNO that provides the best connectivity and offers a lower price. A distributed model is considered where the decision making power lies with the UAV-BS. The TBS-selection problem is modeled as an integer linear programming problem, where we compare the performance of the Greedy heuristic algorithm (GHA) and the backtracking algorithm (BA) to solve our selection problem. We also incorporate an energy prediction model which impacts the selection criteria. We analyze the performance GHA and BA algorithm by presenting a tradeoff between the two algorithms in terms of accuracy of TBS selection and convergence time.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles Prediction algorithms Optimization Base stations Heuristic algorithms Predictive models Standardization

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Intellectual control system for unmanned energy crop combine 1

Intellectual control system for unmanned energy crop combine

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1st International Conference on Intellectual systems and Information Technologies, ISIT 2019

作者： Gunchenko, Yurii Shvorov, Sergey Lukin, Volodymyr Mezhuyev, Vitalii Dept. of Mathematical Support of Computer Systems Odessa I.I.Mechnikov National University Odessa Ukraine Dept. of Automation and Robotic Systems National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine Faculty of Computer Systems and Software Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Gambang Malaysia

The purpose of the work is to develop methodical bases for the construction of an intelligent control system (ISC) for unmanned combines (UMs) of energy crops (EC) for biogas plants (BP). In order to achieve this goal, the functional structure of the ISC was substantiated in the work, the method of recognition and determination of the volume of biomass EC in fields with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) was developed, the method of synthesis of compromise-optimal routes of the BP with the minimum length of their routes in the process of biomass collection was proposed. and taking into account passive (unmoving) and active (moving) obstacles. With the help of the proposed ISC, the following tasks are solved: monitoring of the EC cultivation process and the determination of EC volumes based on the use of UAVs;determination of the density of changes in the yield of EC, the coordinates of active and passive obstacles in the way of the UMs movement;distribution of UMs by fields and planning of optimal routes and speed parameters of their movement for EC collection. A prerequisite for efficient harvesting combine driving is the constant control of the technological process of harvesting energy crops. Deviations from the work plan in most cases occur due to malfunction of technical equipment or adverse weather conditions. However, there are situations in which the deviation of the "plan-fact" is influenced by other factors, which may lead to a failure of the plan, and vice versa. Failure to complete the plan may be due to a reduction in the intensity of the work or the assumption by the user of errors when entering the initial data into the system, which reduces the adequacy of the model to the real process. The increase in planned indicators may be due to an increase in the speed of technological operations, which may lead to additional losses of biomass or a decrease in its quality. To solve the tasks listed, the ISC is divided into a subsystem of monitoring, planning and

关键词： Biomass

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