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Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT)

作者： Muhammad Naeem Abu Bakar Siddique Raja Hashim Ali Usama Arshad Zain ul Abideen Talha Ali Khan Muhammad Huzaifa Shah Ali Zeeshan Ijaz Nisar Ali Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering GIK Institute of Engg. Sciences & Technology Topi Pakistan Dept. of Technology & Software Engineering University of Europe for Applied Sciences Berlin Germany BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials Applications & Nanostructure Leioa Basque Country Spain Faculty of Electronic Systems Engineering University of Regina Regina Canada

The field of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has shown impressive performance for quick and easy communication in various languages spoken all over the world. NMT helps us by improving communication between different languages. For this purpose, different sequential models are used such as Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU). Analysis among these different models are important for making language translation better and choose the best model for the right job. This research investigates the performance of these models on two distinct language datasets, English-to-German and English-to-Urdu. Based on accuracy metrics, the findings reveal that GRU having test accuracy (88.22% ) outperforms RNN (87.21% ), and LSTM (85.70% )demonstrating the highest translation accuracy, followed by RNN and LSTM exhibiting comparatively lower accuracy levels.

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Mitigating Crop Losses: AI-enabled Disease Detection in Tomato Plants

Mitigating Crop Losses: AI-enabled Disease Detection in Toma...

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Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT)

作者： Hassan Ashfaq Usama Arshad Raja Hashim Ali Zain ul Abideen Muhammad Huzaifa Shah Talha Ali Khan Ali Zeeshan Ijaz Nisar Ali Abu Bakar Siddique Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering GIK Institute of Engg. Sciences & Technology Topi Pakistan Dept. of Technology & Software Engineering University of Europe for Applied Sciences Berlin Germany BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials Applications & Nanostructure Leioa Basque Country Spain Faculty of Electronic Systems Engineering University of Regina Regina Canada

Fostering crop health is vital for global food security, underscoring the need for effective disease detection. This research introduces an innovative artificial intelligence (AI) model designed to enhance the detection and diagnosis of diseases in tomato plants, particularly focusing on Early Blight and Late Blight. Significantly, our model leverages cutting-edge image processing techniques to improve disease detection efficiency, outperforming traditional methods in terms of speed and accuracy. Our results demonstrate an impressive model accuracy of 92.58% on training data and 86.83% on validation data, showing the effectiveness of AI in diagnosing plant diseases. These high accuracy rates underline the potential of our model for timely disease classification, allowing for immediate and appropriate interventions. However, our research also identified a potential overfitting problem in the model’s performance. To address this, we propose using regularization and data augmentation techniques to enhance the model’s generalizability on unseen data. Additionally, we delve into inherent challenges that plague AI-based plant disease detection, such as the scarcity of diverse datasets and the difficulty of achieving broad generalizability across different plant species. In identifying potential solutions for these issues, our research lays the groundwork for the wider and more practical implementation of AI technologies in agriculture.

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User Acceptance of New HCI Technologies

User Acceptance of New HCI Technologies

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International IEEE Conference and Workshop: Óbuda on Electrical and Power engineering (CANDO-EPE)

作者： Jozsef Katona Attila Kovari Kandó Kálmán Faculty of Electrical Engineering Institute of Electronics and Communication Systems Obuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Software Development and Application Institute of Computer Engineering University of Dunaujvaros Dunaujvaros Hungary GAMF Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science John Von Neumann University Kecskemét Hungary Faculty of Computer Science Institute of Digital Technology Eszterházy Károly Catholic University Eger Hungary Department of Natural Sciences Institute of Engineering University of Dunaujvaros Dunaujvaros Budapest Hungary

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is an evolving field of research that focuses on understanding and improving the communication and interaction between humans and computers. Over the past decades, we have seen many significant advances in this field, which have contributed to the widespread adoption and integration of technology into our daily lives. HCI research and development aims to design information technology systems to meet the needs and preferences of users. Usability, efficiency, accessibility and user satisfaction are important considerations in HCI design. This paper presents the results of a pilot study on user acceptance of HCIs. The results show that users are positive about and willing to use HCIs.

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A High-Resolution Approach for Dynamic Traffic Police Gestures Recognition Based on Spatial Context and Temporal Features Fusion

A High-Resolution Approach for Dynamic Traffic Police Gestur...

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International Conference on Image, Vision and Computing (ICIVC)

作者： Jian He Shengsheng Jiang Xin Wei Cheng Zhang Ruihai Dong Beijing Engineering Research Center for IOT Software and Systems Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China School of Computer Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland

According to the requirement of recognizing traffic police gestures for driver assistance systems and intelligent vehicles, a universal model for dynamic traffic police gesture recognition is firstly introduced, of which can accurately present the spatial context (such as the relative lengths of skeletons, the angles between each skeleton w. r. t. gravity, and part features) of the traffic police gestures. Secondly, an architecture which can respectively extract spatial context and temporal features of dynamic traffic police gesture is proposed. Meanwhile, deep neural network and LSTM are introduced to build a high-resolution traffic police gestures recognizer (namely HRTPGR). At last, the open Police Gesture Dataset is used to train and test TPGR, and the experimental results show that the TPGR achieves a state-of-the-art accuracy with 98.7% for dynamic traffic police gestures recognition, and has strong anti-interference ability to light, background and gesture shape changes.

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Support Vector Machine for Multiclass Classification of Redundant Instances

Support Vector Machine for Multiclass Classification of Redu...

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Intelligent Computing and Networking - Proceedings of IC-ICN 2023

作者： Surbakti, Herison Kumar, Athmakuri Naveen Tara, Saikumar Keshta, Ismail khare, Amit Prasad, G.N.R. Faculty of Computing and Digital Technology HELP University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Senior Software Engineer Glosoft Technologies Pvt Ltd Chennai India Department of ECE BVRIT Hyderabad College of Engineering for Women Hyderabad India Computer Science and Information Systems Department College of Applied Sciences AlMaarefa University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Technology JIET Institute of Design and Technology Rajasthan Jodhpur India Telangana Hyderabad500091 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819931767

In recent years, support vector machine has become one of the most important classification techniques in pattern recognition, machine learning, and data mining due to its superior classification effect and solid theoretical base. However, its training time will increase dramatically as the number of samples increases, and training will become more sophisticated when dealing with problems involving multiple classifications. A quick training data reduction approach MOIS appropriate for multi-classification tasks is presented as a solution for the aforementioned issues. While eliminating redundant training samples, the boundary samples that play a vital role are chosen in order to considerably reduce training data and the problem of unequal distribution between categories. The experimental results demonstrate that MOIS may maintain or even improve the classification performance of support vector machines while substantially enhancing training efficiency. On the Opt digit dataset, the suggested method improves classification accuracy from 98.94% to 99.05%, while training time is reduced to 15% of the original;in HCL2000, the proposed method improves classification accuracy from 98.94% to 99.05%. When the accuracy rate is marginally increased (from 99.29% to 99.30%) on the first 100 categories dataset, the training time is dramatically reduced to less than 6% of the original. Additionally, MOIS has a high operational efficiency. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Determinants of under-five mortality in Zimbabwe: Evidence from the 2015–2016 Zimbabwe demographic Health Survey data

Women and Children Nursing

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Women and Children Nursing 2024年第1期2卷 1-8页

作者： Elliot Mbunge Garikayi Chemhaka Tafadzwa Dzinamarira Enos Moyo Stephen Fashoto Benhildah Muchemwa Jolly Buwerimwe Ester Petrus Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Eswatini Kwaluseni Campus Kwaluseni M201 South Africa Department of Statistics and Demography Faculty of Social Sciences University of Eswatini Kwaluseni Campus Kwaluseni M201 South Africa School of Health Systems and Public Health University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa StellenBosch University Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa Software Department Faculty of ICT International University of Management Windhoek Namibia

Background Child mortality is an important measure of a population’s health status. It is included in the third sustainable development goal that aims to improve global health by reducing under-five mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births by 2030. The study determines the factors associated with under-five child mortality in Zimbabwe. Methods Cross-sectional secondary data from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) were analyzed. The sample included 5,806 women aged 15–49 years of reproductive age. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the association between child death and independent variables. We identified the individual and contextual factors associated with child deaths in Zimbabwe using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results The risks of under-five mortality were highest among children of first birth order (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.37, P = 0.04), multiple births (aHR = 2.37, P = 0.04), mothers with primary or less maternal education (aHR = 1, Ref), mothers below 18 years old (aHR = 1, Ref), apostolic mothers (aHR = 2.90, P = 0.002), mothers who do not use contraceptives (aHR = 2.20, P < 0.001), formerly married women (aHR = 6.42, P = 0.005), women with 5 or more children (aHR = 15.84, P < 0.001), women who read newspapers less than once a week (aHR = 1.75, P = 0.13), and households that use high-polluting fuels (aHR = 1.92, P = 0.023). Conclusion This study establishes that child health, maternal, socioeconomic, household, and ecological factors are important determinants of under-five mortality in Zimbabwe. Understanding these determinants is crucial for designing effective interventions and policies to reduce child mortality rates. This requires comprehensive approaches such as improving access to healthcare, education, and basic sanitation facilities; prioritizing nutrition; providing clean water; enhancing poverty reduction and immunization; and promoting breastfeeding and social empo

关键词： Child mortality Survival analysis Hazard ratio Cox proportional model

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Mining Student Information System Records to Predict Students’ Academic Performance 4th

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4th International Conference on Advanced Machine Learning Technologies and Applications, AMLTA 2019

作者： Saa, Amjad Abu Al-Emran, Mostafa Shaalan, Khaled Faculty of Engineering and IT The British University in Dubai Dubai United Arab Emirates Faculty of Computer Systems and Software Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Gambang Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783030141172

Educational Data Mining (EDM) is an emerging field that is concerned with mining and exploring the useful patterns in educational data. The main objective of this study is to predict the students’ academic performance based on a new dataset extracted from a student information system. The dataset was extracted from a private university in the United Arab of Emirates (UAE). The dataset includes 34 attributes and 56,000 records related to students’ information. The empirical results indicated that the Random Forest (RF) algorithm was the most appropriate data mining technique used to predict the students’ academic performance. It is also revealed that the most important attributes that have a direct effect on the students’ academic performance are belonged to four main categories, namely students’ demographics, student previous performance information, course and instructor information, and student general information. The evidence from this study would assist the higher educational institutions by allowing the instructors and students to identify the weaknesses and factors affecting the students’ performance, and act as an early warning system for predicting the students’ failures and low academic performance. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Students

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Emotion Recognition System via Facial Expressions and Speech Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques

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SN computer Science 2023年第4期4卷 363页

作者： Chaudhari, Aayushi Bhatt, Chintan Nguyen, Thanh Thi Patel, Nisarg Chavda, Kirtan Sarda, Kalind U & P U. Patel Department of Computer Engineering Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology Charotar University of Science And Technology (CHARUSAT) Gujarat Changa 388421 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Energy University Knowledge Corridor Gujarat Gandhinagar 382007 India School of Information Technology Faculty of Science Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Victoria 3216 Australia Bishop University 2600 College St Sherbrooke J1M 1Z7 QC Canada Crest Data Systems Private Limited Gandhinagar Highway Makarba Gujarat Ahmedabad 380051 India Programmer Analyst Meditab Software Pvt Ltd Kalasagar Mall Ghatlodiya Gujarat Ahmedabad 380061 India

Patients in hospitals frequently exhibit psychological issues such as sadness, pessimism, eccentricity, and anxiety. However, hospitals normally lack tools and facilities to continuously monitor the psychological health of patients. It is desirable to identify depression in patients so that it can be managed by instantly providing better therapy. This can be possible by advances in machine learning for image processing with notable applications in the domain of emotion recognition using facial expressions. In this paper, we have proposed two different methods, i.e. facial expression detection and voice analysis, to predict emotions. For facial expression recognition, we have used two approaches, one is the use of Gabor filters for feature extraction with support vector machine for classification and another is using convolutional neural network (CNN). For voice analysis, we extracted mel-frequency cepstral coefficients from speech data and, based on those features, predicted the emotions of the speech using a CNN model. Experimental results show that our proposed emotion recognition methods obtained high accuracy and thus could be potentially deployed to real-world applications. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： CNN Deep learning Expressions Facial emotion Machine learning Speech SVM

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Accelerating Wireless Federated Learning via Nesterov's Momentum and Distributed Principle Component Analysis

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Dong, Yanjie Wang, Luya Chi, Yuanfang Wang, Jia Zhang, Haijun Yu, Fei Richard Leung, Victor C.M. Hu, Xiping The Faculty of Engineering Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Shenzhen China The College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services Institute of Artificial Intelligence University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China The Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Canada The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

A wireless federated learning system is investigated by allowing a server and workers to exchange uncoded information via orthogonal wireless channels. Since the workers frequently upload local gradients to the server via bandwidth-limited channels, the uplink transmission from the workers to the server becomes a communication bottleneck. Therefore, a one-shot distributed principle component analysis (PCA) is leveraged to reduce the dimension of uploaded gradients such that the communication bottleneck is relieved. A PCA-based wireless federated learning (PCA-WFL) algorithm and its accelerated version (i.e., PCA-AWFL) are proposed based on the low-dimensional gradients and the Nesterov's momentum. For the non-convex loss functions, a finite-time analysis is performed to quantify the impacts of system hyper-parameters on the convergence of the PCA-WFL and PCA-AWFL algorithms. The PCA-AWFL algorithm is theoretically certified to converge faster than the PCA-WFL algorithm. Besides, the convergence rates of PCA-WFL and PCA-AWFL algorithms quantitatively reveal the linear speedup with respect to the number of workers over the vanilla gradient descent algorithm. Numerical results are used to demonstrate the improved convergence rates of the proposed PCA-WFL and PCA-AWFL algorithms over the benchmarks. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Momentum

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Correction to: A comprehensive performance evaluation of container migration strategies

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Computing 2025年第4期107卷 1-2页

作者： Feitosa, Leonel Barbosa, Vandirleya Sabino, Arthur Lima, Luiz Nelson Fé, Iure Silva, Luis Guilherme Callou, Gustavo Carvalho, Juliana Leão, Erico Nguyen, Tuan Anh Rego, Paulo Silva, Francisco Airton Laboratory of Applied Research to Distributed Systems (PASID) Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) Picos Brazil Department of Computing Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) Recife Brazil Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Information Technology University of Industry and Trade (HUIT) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Department of Computer Science Federal University of Ceará (UFC) Fortaleza Brazil

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