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Conflict Resolution Strategy in Handover Management for 4G and 5G networks

computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 5215-5232页

作者： Abdulraqeb Alhammadi Wan Haslina Hassan Ayman A.El-Saleh Ibraheem Shayea Hafizal Mohamad Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh Communication Systems and Networks Research Lab Malaysia-Japan International Institute of TechnologyUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia54100Kuala LumpurMalaysia College of Engineering A’sharqiyah University(ASU)Ibra400Oman Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringIstanbul Technical University(ITU)Istanbul34467Turke Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Sains Islam MalaysiaBandar Baru Nilai71800Malaysia Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Engineering at Wadi AddawasirPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl Kharj11991KSA

Fifth-generation(5G)cellular networks offer high transmission rates in dense urban ***,a massive deployment of small cells will be required to provide wide-area coverage,which leads to an increase in the number of handovers(HOs).Mobility management is an important issue that requires considerable attention in heterogeneous networks,where 5G ultra-dense small cells coexist with current fourth-generation(4G)*** mobility robustness optimization(MRO)and load balancing optimization(LBO)functions have been introduced in the 3GPP standard to address HO problems,non-robust and nonoptimal algorithms for selecting appropriate HO control parameters(HCPs)still exist,and an optimal solution is subjected to compromise between LBO and MRO ***,HO decision algorithms become *** paper proposes a conflict resolution technique to address the contradiction between MRO and LBO *** proposed technique exploits received signal reference power(RSRP),cell load and user speed to adapt HO margin(HM)and time to trigger(TTT).Estimated HM and TTT depend on a weighting function and HO type which is represented by user status during *** proposed technique is validated with other existing algorithms from the *** results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms existing algorithms overall performance *** proposed technique reduces the overall average HO ping-pong probability,HO failure rate and interruption time by more than 90%,46%and 58%,respectively,compared with the other schemes overall speed scenarios and simulation time.

关键词： Mobility management handover 5G heterogeneous networks

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Employing Sentence Space Embedding for Classification of Data Stream from Fake News Domain

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zyblewski, Pawel Klikowski, Jakub Borek-Marciniec, Weronika Ksieniewicz, Pawel Department of Systems and Computer Networks Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 Wroclaw50-370 Poland

Tabular data is considered the last unconquered castle of deep learning, yet the task of data stream classification is stated to be an equally important and demanding research area. Due to the temporal constraints, it is assumed that deep learning methods are not the optimal solution for application in this field. However, excluding the entire – and prevalent – group of methods seems rather rash given the progress that has been made in recent years in its development. For this reason, the following paper is the first to present an approach to natural language data stream classification using the sentence space method, which allows for encoding text into the form of a discrete digital signal. This allows the use of convolutional deep networks dedicated to image classification to solve the task of recognizing fake news based on text data. Based on the real-life Fakeddit dataset, the proposed approach was compared with state-of-the-art algorithms for data stream classification based on generalization ability and time complexity. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Deep learning

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Employing Two-Dimensional Word Embedding for Difficult Tabular Data Stream Classification

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zyblewski, Pawel Department of Systems and Computer Networks Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 Wroclaw50-370 Poland

Rapid technological advances are inherently linked to the increased amount of data, a substantial portion of which can be interpreted as data stream, capable of exhibiting the phenomenon of concept drift and having a high imbalance ratio. Consequently, developing new approaches to classifying difficult data streams is a rapidly growing research area. At the same time, the proliferation of deep learning and transfer learning, as well as the success of convolutional neural networks in computer vision tasks, have contributed to the emergence of a new research trend, namely Multi-Dimensional Encoding (MDE), focusing on transforming tabular data into a homogeneous form of a discrete digital signal. This paper proposes Streaming Super Tabular Machine Learning (SSTML), thereby exploring for the first time the potential of MDE in the difficult data stream classification task. SSTML encodes consecutive data chunks into an image representation using the STML algorithm and then performs a single ResNet-18 training epoch. Experiments conducted on synthetic and real data streams have demonstrated the ability of SSTML to achieve classification quality statistically significantly superior to state-of-the-art algorithms while maintaining comparable processing time. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Deep learning

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Surface Sampling, Vertex Manipulation and Surface Generation Based on WebGL Technologies 7

Surface Sampling, Vertex Manipulation and Surface Generation...

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7th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies, ISMSIT 2023

作者： Runchevski, Danail Rechkoska-Shikoska, Ustijana Salkoski, Rasim University for Information Science and Technology 'St. Paul the Apostle' Faculty of Communication Networks and Security Resen Macedonia University for Information Science and Technology 'St. Paul the Apostle' Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Ohrid Macedonia University for Information Science and Technology 'St. Paul the Apostle' Faculty of Information Systems Visualisation Multimedia and Animation Ohrid Macedonia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350342154

Surface sampling is a powerful technique used in computer graphics and visualization to gather data from 3D surfaces. Surface sampling is a process of collecting visual and tactile information from real world surfaces to serve as references for artistic creations. It allows artists to study and analyze the intricate details of surfaces, such as the roughness of tree bark, the smoothness of a pebble, or the subtle variations in fabric patterns. By examining surfaces up close, artists gain insights into the nuances that make each surface visually and texturally distinct. The solution we've developed operates seamlessly on both desktop and mobile devices, utilizing the functionalities of widely used web browsers. It eliminates the need for any software installations. Our achievement is founded on fully open-source solutions, allowing users to explore 3D models without any barriers. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Web browsers

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Cybersecurity Challenges to VANET When RFID Tags Utilized: a Study

Cybersecurity Challenges to VANET When RFID Tags Utilized: a...

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Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and computer Engineering MI-STA, IEEE International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on

作者： Ainor H. Shembesh Mariam k. Darbi Sami Benamer Younis A. Younis Computer Networks Department Faculty of IT Libyan International Medical University Benghazi Libya Departwmtnt of Inforamtion Systems Faculty of Information Technology University of Benghazi Benghazi Libya Department of Communication and Computer Networks Faculty of Information Technology University of Benghazi Benghazi Libya

An emerging new technology called the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) uses wireless technologies to enhance inter-vehicle communications and traffic safety. Due to its hybrid network designs, node movement characteristics, and novel application scenarios, VANET differs from other types of ad hoc networks. Moreover, the VANET utilizes some technologies for navigating. One of these technologies is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, which is used in many fields and applications to facilitate good communication and management of resources. Although RFID technology helps reduce the complexity of everyday life, it faces some challenges, the most important of that is security, which will be addressed in this paper. This paper extensively surveys the most severe cybersecurity challenges and attacks on VANET-RFID.

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Comprehensive Investigation and Evaluation of an Indoor 3D System Performance Based on Visible Light communication

Comprehensive Investigation and Evaluation of an Indoor 3D S...

引用

Emerging Smart Technologies and Applications (eSmarTA), International Conference on

作者： Vailet Hikmat Faraj Al Khattat Siti Barirah Ahmad Anas Abdu Saif Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Center (WiPNET) UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia Department of Communication and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and IT Taiz University Yemen

The obvious and accelerator trend towards efficient green technology in a modern technological revolution time makes visible light communication (VLC) a solution key to meeting this growth. Besides the illumination function, VLC uses for data transmission at high speed with the lowest cost due to utilizing the infrastructure that already exists. As a result of VLC's multiple features, it had been used in the indoor positioning system (IPS) in many pieces of research to obtain a high accuracy without conflict with the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum besides it providing high security from any penetrating. However, achieving good performance parameters is essential and fundamental in evaluating the effectiveness of any indoor system that many pieces of research neglected and concentrated more on the positioning accuracy aspect. This paper investigates and analyses the performance of the indoor system that is designed and developed based on a VLC and proves its effectiveness through a comprehensive evaluation. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and path loss are the performance parameters that are investigated in this system by varying the transmitted power, incidence angles, and Lambertian mode number in the line of sight (LOS) scenario. The examined system consists of one light-emitting diode (LED) in a 3D typical room and one photodiode (PD) in different ten locations along the half-diagonal line towards the corner. Utilizing a single LED in this system is important to avoid the interference that occurs when utilizing multiple LEDs; besides, it is more convenient in the indoor environment. The obtained results by MATLAB simulation show the reliable and effective performance of the proposed developed VLC system design by achieving a good SNR with low path loss. Furthermore, the proposed system approach proves how the optimum position of PD is crucial to obtain a strong signal with the lowest ratio of noise and losses.

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Performance Evaluation of High Gain 2×2 MIMO Microstrip Antenna Operating at 28 GHz 2

Performance Evaluation of High Gain 2×2 MIMO Microstrip Ant...

引用

2nd IEEE International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and computer Engineering, MI-STA 2022

作者： Ismail, Alyani Binti Rasid, M.F.A. Hamidon, Mohd Nizar B Abdullah, Raja Syamsul. A. Raja Shebani, Nafaa Mohamad Universiti Putra Malaysia Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Serdang Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Serdang Malaysia

ISBN: (数字)9781665479189

ISBN: (纸本)9781665479189

In this paper, four configurations of 2×2 MIMO microstrip antenna operating at 28 GHz are proposed and simulated by computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The antenna is designed on PTFE/Teflon substrate with dielectric constant of 2.1, loss tangent of 0.0002, and thickness of 1.58 mm. The performance of all proposed configurations of 2×2 MIMO antennas are evaluated based on the overall gain, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and diversity gain (DG). Moreover, the comparison between all cases in this work is done in order to choose the optimal configuration, and to prove the reliability of the design the best obtained case is compared with proposed antennas in published works. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Microstrip antennas

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Event-driven bi-fidelity control for efficient and reliable robotic manipulation

引用

Results in Engineering 2025年 26卷

作者： Alsaade, Fawaz W. Al-zahrani, Mohammed S. Alsaadi, Fuad E. Department of Computer Science College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology King Faisal University Al-Ahsa31982 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Networks and Communications College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology King Faisal University Al-Ahsa31982 Saudi Arabia Communication Systems and Networks Research Group Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

This paper proposes a novel bi-fidelity control framework for robotic manipulators that integrates a high-fidelity model predictive control (MPC) scheme with a low-fidelity Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network surrogate. Unlike conventional fixed-schedule approaches, our method employs an event-triggered mechanism that dynamically selects the appropriate controller based on a real-time error metric. This mechanism ensures that the computationally intensive MPC is invoked only when the LSTM approximation deviates beyond acceptable bounds. We rigorously established the near-optimal performance and closed-loop stability of our approach via Lyapunov analysis under mild assumptions, instilling confidence in its reliability. The simulation results on a three-arm manipulator, subject to low-frequency sinusoidal and high-frequency chirp trajectories, demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves up to 80–90% reduction in MPC calls, significantly improving the accuracy of the follow-up and computational efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of integrating learning-based approximations with conventional optimization-based control to achieve reliable and time-efficient performance in complex robotic manipulation tasks. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Predictive control systems

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A Wide Bandwidth 4×4 MIMO Microstrip Antenna with High Gain and Isolation Operating at 38 GHz

A Wide Bandwidth 4×4 MIMO Microstrip Antenna with High Gain...

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Electrical, computer, Telecommunication and Energy Technologies (ECTE-Tech), International Conference on

作者： Nafaa Mohamad Shebani Alyani Ismail Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Sabratha University Sabratha Libya Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia

ISBN: (数字)9798350388480

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388497

Affectively 5G antennas operating at mm-Wave bands with small size, high gain and large bandwidth are required to meet the desired high data rate and overcome of attenuation effects at mm-Wave bands. In this paper, single element and two elements are designed and analyzed at 38 GHz, based on the optimal configuration of two elements antenna with good propagation properties, a four-element MIMO microstrip antenna is proposed and modeled by a computer Simulation Technology (CST) software to operate at 38 GHz. The antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate has a thickness of 0.76 mm, a dielectric constant of 4.3, and a loss tangent of 0.025. The overall gain, diversity gain (DG), and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) are used in evaluating the performance of the suggested four-element MIMO antenna. Moreover, the effects of changing of phase ports are done in order to make more improvement of overall realized gain of four-element microstrip antenna. Additionally, the optimal design of a 4-element antenna is compared with antennas that have been published in the literature to demonstrate the reliability of the design.

关键词： Correlation coefficient Dielectric constant 5G mobile communication Dielectric losses Microstrip antennas Bandwidth Attenuation Envelope detectors Microstrip Substrates

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Increasing Depth of Neural networks for Life-Long Learning

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Wozniak, Michal Kozal, Jedrzej Department of Systems and Computer Networks Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 Wroclaw50-370 Poland

PurposeWe propose a novel method for continual learning based on the increasing depth of neural networks. This work explores whether extending neural network depth may be beneficial in a life-long learning *** propose a novel approach based on adding new layers on top of existing ones to enable the forward transfer of knowledge and adapting previously learned representations. We employ a method of determining the most similar tasks for selecting the best location in our network to add new nodes with trainable parameters. This approach allows for creating a treelike model, where each node is a set of neural network parameters dedicated to a specific task. The Progressive Neural Network concept inspires the proposed method. Therefore, it benefits from dynamic changes in network structure. However, Progressive Neural Network allocates a lot of memory for the whole network structure during the learning process. The proposed method alleviates this by adding only part of a network for a new task and utilizing a subset of previously trained weights. At the same time, we may retain the benefit of PNN, such as no forgetting guaranteed by design, without needing a memory *** on Split CIFAR and Split Tiny ImageNet show that the proposed algorithm is on par with other continual learning methods. In a more challenging setup with a single computer vision dataset as a separate task, our method outperforms Experience *** is compatible with commonly used computer vision architectures and does not require a custom network structure. As an adaptation to changing data distribution is made by expanding the architecture, there is no need to utilize a rehearsal buffer. For this reason, our method can be used for sensitive applications where data privacy must be considered. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge management

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