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Enhancing the efficiency of lung cancer screening: predictive models utilizing deep learning from CT scans

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-19页

作者： Tawfeek, Medhat A. Alrashdi, Ibrahim Alruwaili, Madallah Shaban, Warda M. Talaat, Fatma M. Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information Menoufia University Shebin Elkom32511 Egypt Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Sakakah Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Sakakah Saudi Arabia Department of Communication and Electronics Engineering Nile Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology Mansoura Egypt Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh Egypt Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering New Mansoura University Gamasa35712 Egypt

Lung cancer is the most lethal form of cancer. This paper introduces a novel framework to discern and classify pulmonary disorders such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer by analyzing conventional X-ray and CT scan images called lung cancer risk prediction (LCRP) model. LCRP has four modules, namely data collection and preprocessing, data augmentation module, image segmentation module, and prediction module. Actually, LCRP employs three deep learning models;sequential model, functional model, and transfer model on publicly available training datasets. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as a highly effective field in machine learning, particularly for image datasets in the field of biomedical applications. The primary goal is to validate these models by comparing their performance with other models in order to determine their effectiveness in addressing challenging datasets. Our research has revealed a noteworthy enhancement in the efficiency of binary and multi-class classification using mask R-CNN image segmentation. During the model training process, a combination of Adam and stochastic gradient descent dual optimizers has been used to improve performance. LCRP have outperformed current pre-trained models by minimizing training parameters, computational costs, and overhead. It introduces 98.5% accuracy, 88.7% specificity, 89% sensitivity, 89.2% precision, and 89.09% F-measure. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Lung cancer

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Data Analytics on Unpredictable Pregnancy Data Records Using Ensemble Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques

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computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第8期46卷 2159-2175页

作者： C.Vairavel N.S.Nithya Faculty of Information and Communication Engineering Anna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Computer Science and Engineering KSR College of EngineeringTiruchengode637215India

The immune system goes through a profound transformation during pregnancy,and certain unexpected maternal complications have been correlated to this *** ability to correctly examine,diagnoses,and predict pregnancy-hastened diseases via the available big data is a delicate problem since the range of information continuously increases and is *** approaches for disease diagnosis/classification have been established with the use of data mining ***,such methods do not provide an appropriate classification/diagnosis ***,single learning approaches are used to create the bulk of these *** issues may be made more accurate by combining predictions from many different *** a result,we used the Ensembling of Neuro-Fuzzy(E-NF)method to perform a high-level classification of medical diseases.E-NF is a layered computational model with self-learning and self-adaptive capabilities to deal with specific problems,such as the handling of imprecise and ambiguous data that may lead to uncertainty concerns that specifically emerge during the classification *** data,Training phase,Ensemble phase,and Testing phase make up the complete procedure for the suggested *** preprocessing includes feature extraction and dimensionality *** such processes,the training phase includes the fuzzification process of medical ***,training of input data was done using four types of NF techniques:Fuzzy Adaptive Learning Control Network(FALCON),Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS),Self Constructing Neural Fuzzy Inference Network(SONFIN)and/Evolving Fuzzy Neural Network(EFuNN).Later,in the ensemble phase,all the NF methods’predicted outcomes are integrated,and finally,the test results are evaluated in the testing *** outcomes indicate that the method could predict impaired glucose tolerance,preeclampsia,gestational hypertensive abnormalities,bacteriuria,and iron deficien

关键词： Pregnancy disorders ensemble neuro-fuzzy accuracy diagnostics impaired glucose tolerance and preeclampsia gestational hypertension abnormalities bacteriuria iron deficiency anaemia

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Optimizing Service Stipulation Uncertainty with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Internet Vehicle Systems

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5705-5721页

作者： Zulqar Nain B.Shahana Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry P.Viswanathan M.S.Mekala Sung Won Kim Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-siKorea Department of Computer Science and Engineering KLEFIndia Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureIstanbul Gelisim UniversityIstanbul34310Turkey School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT UniversityVelloreIndia

Fog computing brings computational services near the network edge to meet the latency constraints of cyber-physical System(CPS)*** devices enable limited computational capacity and energy availability that hamper end user *** designed a novel performance measurement index to gauge a device’s resource *** examination addresses the offloading mechanism issues,where the end user(EU)offloads a part of its workload to a nearby edge server(ES).Sometimes,the ES further offloads the workload to another ES or cloud server to achieve reliable performance because of limited resources(such as storage and computation).The manuscript aims to reduce the service offloading rate by selecting a potential device or server to accomplish a low average latency and service completion time to meet the deadline constraints of sub-divided *** this regard,an adaptive online status predictive model design is significant for prognosticating the asset requirement of arrived services to make float ***,the development of a reinforcement learning-based flexible x-scheduling(RFXS)approach resolves the service offloading issues,where x=service/resource for producing the low latency and high performance of the *** approach to the theoretical bound and computational complexity is derived by formulating the system efficiency.A quadratic restraint mechanism is employed to formulate the service optimization issue according to a set ofmeasurements,as well as the behavioural association rate and adulation *** system managed an average 0.89%of the service offloading rate,with 39 ms of delay over complex scenarios(using three servers with a 50%service arrival rate).The simulation outcomes confirm that the proposed scheme attained a low offloading uncertainty,and is suitable for simulating heterogeneous CPS frameworks.

关键词： Fog computing task allocation measurement models feasible node selection methods performance metrics

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Zero-dynamics attack detection based on data association in feedback pathway

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Cognitive Robotics 2025年 5卷 126-139页

作者： Zhang, Zeyu Li, Hongran Todo, Yuki Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa University Ishikawa Kanazawa9201192 Japan School of Computer Engineering Jiangsu Ocean University Jiangsu Lianyungang222005 China Faculty of Electrical Information and Communication Engineering Kanazawa University Ishikawa Kanazawa9201192 Japan

This paper considers the security of non-minimum phase systems, a typical kind of cyber-physical systems. Non-minimum phase systems are characterized by unstable zeros in their transfer functions, making them particularly susceptible to disturbances and attacks. The non-minimum phase systems are more vulnerable to zero-dynamics attack (ZDA) than minimum phase systems. ZDA is a stealthy attack strategy that exploits the internal dynamics of a system, remaining undetectable while causing gradual system destabilization. Recent cyber incidents have demonstrated the increasing risk of such hidden attacks in critical infrastructures, such as power grids and transportation systems. This paper first demonstrates that the existing ZDA has the limitation of falling into local convergence, and then proposes an enhanced zero-dynamics attack (EZDA), which overcomes local convergence by diverging system data. Furthermore, this paper presents an autoregressive model which can build the data association between the original data and the forged data. By observing the fluctuations in state values, the presented model can detect not only ZDA, but also EZDA. Finally, numerical simulations and an application example are provided to verify the theoretical results. © 2025

关键词： Cyber attacks

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Optical Hyperuricemia Sensor with Uricase Biofunctionalized Stacked Nanocomposite 10

Optical Hyperuricemia Sensor with Uricase Biofunctionalized ...

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10th IEEE International Conference on Photonics, ICP 2024

作者： Onifade, O.A. Bakar, M.H.B.A. Mahdi, M.A. Noor, A.S.B.M. Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Serdang Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383164

—This paper presents an advanced optical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) designed to detect hyperuricemia, characterized by elevated uric acid (UA) levels. The sensor features a stacked nanocomposite comprising gold-graphene quantum dots (GQD) biofunctionalized with uricase enzyme, ensuring high sensitivity and selectivity for UA detection over other potentially competing interferents like ascorbic acid, glucose, D-cystine, urea, and creatinine commonly found in biological samples. The developed sensor achieves an impressive sensitivity of 0.093◦/(mg/dL) for UA at 12 mg/dL, significantly higher than the recorded sensitivity of 0.015◦/(mg/dL) for all other potential interferents at the same concentration. This highlights the sensor’s exceptional precision in discerning UA. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates notable selectivity for UA even at low concentrations, registering a resonance angle shift of 0.371◦ at 0.5 mg/dL, compared to a lower angle shift of 0.185◦ for other interferents at higher concentrations of 12 mg/dL. These findings emphasize the sensor’s accuracy and rapid response in distinguishing UA, positioning it as a promising tool for early diagnosis and management of hyperuricemia in clinical settings, addressing a critical need for reliable and efficient UA detection. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Graphene quantum dots

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A Fully LTPS-TFT-Based Bi-Directional Biomedical Interface Circuit for Large-Area Healthcare Applications

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2025年第12期3卷 526-532页

作者： Zhang, Hanbo Lou, Yuqing Zhang, Zhihang Li, Yongfu Rokhan, Fakhrul Wang, Guoxing Zhao, Jian Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai200240 China Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer and Communication System Engineering Selangor Serdang43400 Malaysia

This paper proposed a fully LTPS-TFT-based bi-directional biomedical pixel interface with integrated a high linearity stimulator and a high-performance bio-potential sensing front-end circuit to amplify and digitize biological signals for high robustness data transmission. All circuits are designed and manufactured under a 3-μm LTPS process. We demonstrated the experiment in saline using the stimulator circuit to simulate stimulation inside the organism, achieving stimulation with different average currents under different duty cycles. The proposed front-end circuit has a gain of 40 dB. The referred input voltage noise of the entire signal chain is 86.2 μV/√Hz, and the ENOB is 9.13 bits at an input of 0.5 mVPP. Simultaneously conducting statistical testing on 20 chips has achieved a 1.05 dB SNDR standard deviation. Finally, we use a function signal generator to simulate the input signals of ECoG, ECG, and EOG, then use front-end circuits to read and reconstruct them to demonstrate that the proposed pixel interface can correctly read common biomedical signals for healthcare applications. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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A novel deep learning approach (Bi-xBcNet-96) considering green AI to discover breast cancer using mammography images

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第21期36卷 12701-12723页

作者： El-Mawla, Nesma Abd Berbar, Mohamed A. El-Fishawy, Nawal A. El-Rashidy, Mohamed A. Communication and Electronics Engineering Department Nile Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology Mansoura Egypt Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Shebeen El-Kom Egypt Department of Computer Arab East Colleges Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can effectively detect illnesses such as breast cancer (BC) using a variety of medical imaging techniques. BC is a key factor contributing to the rise in the death rate among women worldwide. Early detection will lessen its impact, which may motivate patients to have quick surgical therapy. computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are designed to provide radiologists recommendations to assist them in diagnosing BC. However, it is still restricted and limited, the interpretability cost, time consumption, and complexity of architecture are not considered. These limitations limit their use in healthcare devices. Therefore, we thought of presenting a revolutionary deep learning (DL) architecture based on recurrent and convolutional neural networks called Bi-xBcNet-96. In order to decrease carbon emissions while developing the DL model for medical image analysis and meet the objectives of sustainable artificial intelligence, this study seeks to attain high accuracy at the lowest computing cost. It takes into consideration the various characteristics of the pathological variation of BC disease in mammography images to obtain high detection accuracy. It consists of six stages: identifying the region of interest, detecting spatial features, discovering the effective features of the BC pathological types that have infected nearby cells in a concentrated area, identifying the relationships between distantly infected cells in some BC pathological types, weighing the extracted features, and classifying the mammography image. According to experimental findings, Bi-xBcNet-96 beat other comparable works on the benchmark datasets, attaining a classification accuracy of 98.88% in DDSM dataset, 100% in INbreast dataset with 5.08% and 0.3% improvements over the state-of-the-art methods, respectively. Furthermore, a 95.79% reduction in computing complexity was achieved. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： computer aided diagnosis

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SDN as a defence mechanism: a comprehensive survey

SDN as a defence mechanism: a comprehensive survey

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作者： Ayodele, Believe Buttigieg, Victor Communications and Computer Engineering Faculty of Information and Communication Technology University of Malta Msida Malta

Investing in cybersecurity is increasingly considered a significant area and aspect a business or organisation should seriously consider. Some of these security solutions are network-based and provide many levels of protection. However, traditional networks are seen to be vendor-specific and are limited, enabling minor to no network flexibility or customisation. Implementing SDN to combat cyberattacks is a workable option for resolving this traditional network constraint. Less attention has been paid to how SDN has been utilised to address security concerns, with most surveys concentrating on the security challenges the SDN paradigm faces. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art on how SDN has been used to combat attacks between 2017 and 2022 by highlighting the specifics of each literature, its advantages, limitations, and potential areas for further study. This work introduces a taxonomy highlighting SDN’s fundamental traits and contributions as a defence mechanism (SaaDM). © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Cybersecurity

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MV-DUO: multi-variate discrete unified optimization for psychological vital assessments

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第31期36卷 19777-19793页

作者： Pethuraj, Mohamed Shakeel Burhanuddin, M.A. Dzakiyullah, Nur Rachman Department of Information System Faculty of Computer and Engineering Universitas Alma Ata Yogyakarta Indonesia Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia

Psychological vital assessments are required for monitoring health conditions and observing body reactions toward diseases and medications. Wearable sensors play a vital role in sensing body vitals and presenting them as signals for computer-based analysis. The problem relies on the signal decoding due to its input stream that turns out to be discrete/ continuous. Therefore for addressing the above specific issue, this article introduces MV-DUO (Multi-Variate Discrete Unified Optimization) method. This method addresses the above problem from a multi-variate perspective by sensing differential signals across healthy and unhealthy conditions. The healthy and unhealthy conditions are trained using neural learning by augmenting/ ceasing external vital data. The unification is performed using single-point artificial ecosystem-based optimization for identifying discrete sequences collaborated with continuous signals. The single-point reference is grouped based on the maximum continuity fitness observed under various sensing intervals. In this process, the non-grouped sequences are identified as unhealthy or discrete for which additional detection training and classification are required. Considerably the changes between successive sensing intervals are used for variations detection from unified high-fitness groups. Those grouped instances are used for training new vital changes observed at distinct intervals. This improves detection accuracy under controlled errors. For the varying sensing intervals, the proposed method achieves 14.13% high accuracy, 8.29% high grouping rate, 10.77% less error, and 10.07% less detection time. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： computer aided analysis

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Predicting Student Behavior Using a Neutrosophic Deep Learning Model

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 2025年 76卷 288-310页

作者： Shitaya, Ahmed Mohamed Wahed, Mohamed El Syed Abd El Khalek, Saied Helemy Ismail, Amr Shams, Mahmoud Y. Salama, A.A. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science Port Said University Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of computer and information sciences Suez Canal University Egypt Department. of Communication and Computer Engineering Air Defense University Egypt Department of Cybersecurity College of Engineering and Information Technology Buraydah Private Colleges Buraydah51418 Saudi Arabia Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt

We developed an information system using an object-oriented programming language and a distributed database (DDB) consisting of multiple interconnected databases across a computer network, managed by a distributed database management system (DDBMS) for easy access. An intelligent system was designed to assess the difficulty level of preliminary exams and select top-performing advanced students using a Neutrosophic Deep Learning Model. The dataset was randomly split into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets, and the model, trained with the Adam optimizer at a 0.001 learning rate over 50 epochs, incorporated early stopping based on validation loss. This system, implemented at a traditional Egyptian university, achieved a 95% accuracy in predicting student dropout. Student behavior, influenced by personal, environmental, and academic factors, is often evaluated subjectively, leading to inconsistent results. Traditional machine learning approaches struggle with the inherent uncertainty in behavioral data. To address this, we combined neutrosophic theory—a mathematical framework that accounts for truth, falsity, and indeterminacy—with deep learning, which excels at learning complex data relationships, to predict student outcomes such as dropout rates. Evaluating the model on student data, including attendance and grades, showed superior accuracy, achieving a determination coefficient of 0.95, demonstrating the approach's potential for identifying at-risk students and enabling targeted interventions. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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