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作者： Liu, Zhiming He, Jifeng Liu, Jing Li, Xiaoshan International Institute for Software Technology United Nations University Macao China Faculty of Software Engineering University of Macao Macao China Department of Computer Science University of Leicester United Kingdom East China Normal University Shanghai China Shanghai University China

We present an approach to embedding a formal method into Rational Unified Process (RUP). The purposes are: (a) to unify different views of UML. (b) to enhance UML with the formal method to improve the quality of software systems;and (c) to support effective use of the formal method for system specification and reasoning with the iterative and incremental approach by providing a unified conceptual framework. One of the main features of RUP is that it is use-case driven and supports iterative development more explicit than other process models, such as the waterfall model. Object-orientation also supports better and more explicitly incremental programming than the traditional imperative programming. These together will help to scale up the use of the formal method in software system development. The model is based on Hoare and He's Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP). © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer programming languages

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The dimensions of variation in the teaching of data structures

The dimensions of variation in the teaching of data structur...

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ITiCSE 2004 - 9th Annual SIGCSE Conference on Innovation and technology in computer Science Education

作者： Lister, Raymond Tenenberg, Josh Box, Ilona Morrison, Brians Westbrook, D. Suzanne University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Information Technology Sydney NSW 2007 Australia University of Washington Tacoma Institute of Technology 1900 Commerce St. Tacoma WA 98402-3100 University of Western Sydney School of Computing and IT Penrith NSW 1797 Australia Southern Polytechnic State University School of Computing and Software Engineering Marietta GA 30060 University of Arizona Department of Computer Science Tucson AZ 85721

The current debate about the teaching of data structures is hampered because, as a community, we usually debate specifics about data structure implementations and libraries, when the real level of disagreement remains implicit - the intent behind our teaching. This paper presents a phenomenographic study of the intent of CS educators for teaching data structures in CS2. Based on interviews with computer Science educators and analysis of CS literature, we identified five categories of intent: developing transferable thinking, improving students' programming skills, knowing "what's under the hood", knowledge of software libraries, and component thinking. The CS community needs to first debate at the level of these categories before moving to more specific issues. This study also serves as an example of how phenomenographic analysis can be used to inform debate on syllabus design in general. Copyright 2004 ACM.

关键词： Data structures

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1/f^β noise-based real-time animation of trees swaying in wind fields

1/f<SUP>β</SUP> noise-based real-time animation of trees sw...

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computer Graphics International Conference (CGI 2003)

作者： Ota, S Fujimoto, T Tamura, M Muraoka, K Fujita, K Chiba, N Iwate Software Center Japan Computer Science Department Faculty of Engineering Iwate University Japan Department of Communications Engineering Tohoku Institute of Technology Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0769519466

Trees are one of the most important elements of natural landscapes. Therefore, in computer graphics, there is a great demand for methods to realize the natural representation of trees in virtual landscapes in various fields such as entertainment industry or environmental assessment in construction. Many studies have been made on techniques in which the shapes of trees are modeled but only a few studies have been reported on methods to incorporate the shapes with motions in a wind field. Most of these studies use physical simulation techniques based on the equations of motion to generate the branch motions and cannot realize the motions of individual leaves. In this paper, we propose a method to create the natural motions of individual leaves and branches swaying in a wind field. This method generates the leaf and branch motions based on "1/f(beta) noise", which is observed in various natural phenomena. For the branch motion, a simple simulation method based on the spring model is applied to enhance the realism of the motion. This method enables the real-time creation of the leaf and branch motions. Diverse motions according to tree species and shapes and wind conditions can be easily realized by controlling the parameters.

关键词： tree leaf motion wind 1/f(beta) noise real-time animation

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1/f/sup /spl beta// noise-based real-time animation of trees swaying in wind fields

1/f/sup /spl beta// noise-based real-time animation of trees...

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computer Graphics International

作者： S. Ota M. Tamura K. Fujita T. Fujimoto K. Muraoka N. Chiba Iwate Software Center Inc. Japan Computer Science Department Faculty of Engineering Iwate University Japan Department of Communications Engineering Tohoku Institute of Technology Japan

Trees are one of the most important elements of natural landscapes. Therefore, in computer graphics, there is a great demand for methods to realize the natural representation of trees in virtual landscapes in various fields such as entertainment industry or environmental assessment in construction. Many studies have been made on techniques in which the shapes of trees are modeled but only a few studies have been reported on methods to incorporate the shapes with motions in a wind field. Most of these studies use physical simulation techniques based on the equations of motion to generate the branch motions and cannot realize the motions of individual leaves. We propose a method to create the natural motions of individual leaves and branches swaying in a wind field. This method generates the leaf and branch motions based on "1/f/sup /spl beta// noise", which is observed in various natural phenomena. For the branch motion, a simple simulation method based on the spring model is applied to enhance the realism of the motion. This method enables the real-time creation of the leaf and branch motions. Diverse motions according to tree species and shapes and wind conditions can be easily realized by controlling the parameters.

关键词： Tree graphs Shape control computer graphics computer industry Construction industry Equations Noise shaping Noise generators Springs Motion control

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Advanced topics in workflow management: Issues, requirements, and solutions

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Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science 2003年第3期7卷 49-77页

作者： Van der Aalst, Wil M.P. Weske, Mathias Wirtz, Guido Department of Information and Technology Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven NL-5600 MB PO Box 513 Netherlands Hasso Plattner Institute for Software Systems Engineering Potsdam D-14482 Prof. Dr.-Helmert-Straße 2-3 Germany Distributed and Mobile Systems Group Faculty of Information Systems and Applied Computer Science Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg Bamberg D-96045 Feldkirchenstraße 21 Germany

This paper surveys and investigates the strengths and weaknesses of a number of recent approaches to advanced workflow modelling. Rather than inventing just another workflow language, we briefly describe recent workflow languages, and we analyse them with respect to their support for advanced workflow topics. Object Coordination Nets, Workflow Graphs, WorkFlow Nets, and an approach based on Workflow Evolution are described as dedicated workflow modelling approaches. In addition, the Unified Modelling Language as the de facto standard in object-oriented modelling is also investigated. These approaches are discussed with respect to coverage of workflow perspectives and support for flexibility and analysis issues in workflow management, which are today seen as two major areas for advanced workflow support. Given the different goals and backgrounds of the approaches mentioned, it is not surprising that each approach has its specific strengths and weaknesses. We clearly identify these strengths and weaknesses, and we conclude with ideas for combining their best features. © 2003, IOS Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Applied workflow systems Flexible workflow management Workflow analysis

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Systematic requirements recycling through abstraction and traceability

Systematic requirements recycling through abstraction and tr...

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IEEE International Conference on Requirements engineering

作者： A. von Knethen B. Paech F. Kiedaisch F. Houdek Fraunhofer Institute of Experimental Software Engineering (IESE) Kaiserslautern Germany Faculty of Computer Science University of Ulm (EBS) Ulm Germany DaimlerChrysler AG Research and Technology Ulm Germany

Ad-hoc recycling between requirements documents of product variants is a major source of requirements defects. We present an approach for systematic requirements recycling based on a combination of abstraction (in terms of a template) and traceability (between requirements). The main features of our approach are the use of conceptual models to determine relationships necessary for correct recycling and the focus on minimizing link selling. This approach can also be used to develop abstraction and traceability guidelines tailored to other application domains and traceability goals, such as change or project management.

关键词： Recycling Guidelines Production software engineering computer science Project management Industrial relations

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Cauchy - Schwarz bound on the generalized Marcum Q-function with applications

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Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2001年第2期1卷 243-253页

作者： Annamalai, A. Tellambura, C. The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 206 North Washington Street Suite 400 Alexandria VA 22314 U.S.A. School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia

The Cauchy-Schwarz bounding technique is used to derive useful bounds on the generalized Marcum Q-function and its complement. Three new exponential-type bounds on QM (α, β) are derived, and these are found to be tight and useful for a number of applications of interest. One such example is the derivation of an upper bound on the average symbol error rate probability for noncoherent and differentially coherent communication systems over generalized fading channels. It is shown that these exponential-type bounds are considerably tighter than the Chernoff bound (Rappaport SS. IEEE Trans. on Information Theory 1971;17: 497-498) counterpart. Numerical results also reveal that the tightness of one of the exponential-type bounds is comparable to the bound obtained in Simon and Alouini (IEEE Trans. on Communications 2000: 359-366), while another is found to be superior than that obtained in Simon and Alouini over a wide range of arguments. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.

关键词： bounding technique performance analysis fading channels diversity methods generalized Marcum Q‐function

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OPEN: a flexible OO/CBD process for software-intensive systems development, a UML exposition 01

OPEN: a flexible OO/CBD process for software-intensive syste...

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Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on software engineering

作者： Houman Younessi Brian Henderson-Sellers Rensselaer Initiative in Software Engineering (RISE) Associate Professor of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Rensselaer at Hartford Centre for Object Technology Applications and Research Professor of Information Systems Faculty of Information Technology University of Technology Sydney

ISBN: (纸本)9780769510507

Object technology is an approach that is increasingly being adopted for the development of quality software and software-intensive systems. Recent experience has demonstrated that it provides a sophisticated environment to support high quality software engineering practice. However, the use of object technology should not be restricted to languages but should encompass analysis, design, V&V and many such aspects belonging to the methodological dimension of the development life-cycle. Furthermore, it should also cover other issues belonging to the technological and contextual aspects.

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Composition method of communication system specifications in asynchronous model and its support system

Composition method of communication system specifications in...

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IEEE International Conference on Networks

作者： N. Maneerat R. Varakulsiripunth D. Seki K. Yoshida K. Takahashi Y. Kato B.B. Bista N. Shiratori Computer Research and Service Center King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand Faculty of Engineering & Research Center for Communications and Information Technology Sendai National College of Technology Japan Faculty of Software and Information Science Iwate Prefectural University Japan Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University Japan

One of the most important methods in communication system design, especially in protocol design, is the composition method. We propose a method for simultaneously composing service specifications and protocol specifications based on the LOTOS language. In this method, an asynchronous communication model is adopted which is more realistic in actual communication networks. We use the concept of the weak bisimulation equivalence to represent the correctness of composition. A software support system based on the proposed composition method is also described.

关键词： Access protocols Asynchronous communication Design methodology Design engineering Information technology Educational institutions Communication system software Information science Communication networks software systems

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Test Generation and Design-for-Testability Based on Acyclic Structure with Hold Registers

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湖南大学学报（自然科学版） 2000年第S2期27卷 1-10页

作者： Tomoo Inoue Debesh Kumar Das Chiiho Sano Takahiro Mihara Hideo Fujiwara Faculty of Information Sciences Hiroshima City University Hiroshima 731-3194 Japan Computer Science and Engineering Department Jadavpur niversity Calcutta-700 032 India Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara 630-0101 Japan Mitsubishi Electronic Control Software Corporation Kobe 652-0871Japan 不详

We present a method of test generation for acyclic sequential circuits with hold registers. A complete (100% fault efficiency) test sequence for an acyclic sequential circuit can be obtained by applying a combinational test generator to all the maximal time-expansion models (TEMs) of the circuit. We propose a class of acyclic sequential circuits for which the number of maximal TEMs is one, i.e, the maximum TEM exists. For a circuit in the class, test generation can be performed by using only the maximum TEM. The proposed class of sequential circuits with the maximum TEM properly includes several known classes of acyclic sequential circuits such as balanced structures and acyclic sequential circuits without hold registers for which test generation can be also performed by using a combinational test generator. Therefore, in general, the hardware overhead for partial scan based on the proposed structure is smaller than that based on balanced or acyclic sequential structure without hold registers.

关键词： acyclic sequential circuits combinational test generation hold registers maximum time-expansion model partial scan

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