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Designing virtual environments to support cooperation in the real world

Virtual Reality 2002年第2期6.0卷 63-74页

作者： Crabtree, A. Rodden, T. Mariani, J. School of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom Computing Department Faculty of Applied Sciences Lancaster University Lancaster United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Nottingham Nottingham NG8 1BB Wollaton Road United Kingdom

Much of the current research in the design of virtual environments is centred on laboratory prototypes and emphasis is placed on supporting cooperation within the virtual world itself. By way of contrast, this paper places an emphasis upon the development of virtual enivronments that support cooperation within the real world. This external research focus situates virtual environments within the bricolage of material artefacts that people use in coordinating and accomplishing ordinary jobs of work. We elaborate the shift to the external environment of ordinary human jobs and users through an ethnographic study of searching for information in the library, and the design and evaluation of a prototype supporting the real world cooperation involved in getting the job of searching done. © Springer-Verlag London Ltd.

关键词： Cooperative work Design Ethnography Evaluation Material affordances Virtual environments

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Experimental logical gates in a reaction-diffusion medium: The XOR gate and beyond

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Physical Review E 2002年第4期66卷 046112-046112页

作者： Andrew Adamatzky Benjamin De Lacy Costello Faculty of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences University of the West of England Bristol BS16 1QY United Kingdom Faculty of Applied Sciences University of the West of England Bristol BS16 1QY United Kingdom

We exploit the particulars of diffusive wave front interactions in certain types of two-reactant reaction-diffusion medium to construct a laboratory prototype of an XOR gate. In the design, the values of the logic variables are represented by the presence or absence of a precipitate, “wires” are constructed of a substrate loaded gel, and the computation is based on diffusive wave dynamics. We also discuss implementation of AND gate and study a three-valued composition, derived from the gate dynamic, and discuss possible logics that could be derived from this composition.

关键词： Logic gates

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Design and implementation of a wavelet block for signal processing applications

Design and implementation of a wavelet block for signal proc...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

作者： M. Nibouche O. Nibouche Faculty of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences University of West of England Bristol UK Magee College University of Ulster Londonderr UK

FPGA technology offers the potential of designing high performance systems at low cost for certain applications including signal processing. Although the programming model, which FPGAs typically present to application developers, is prohibitively low level, they remain very good targets for rapid design prototyping and on chip testing. The purpose of this paper is to present the design and FPGA implementation of a wavelet block which can be used in signal processing applications. The proposed design is based on a structure, which can be used to implement either a forward wavelet transform or alternatively its inverse. Finally, in order to assess the approach a wavelet prototype is implemented and the implementation results are reported and discussed.

关键词： Signal design Signal processing Discrete wavelet transforms Field programmable gate arrays Wavelet transforms Finite impulse response filter Hardware Signal resolution Costs Prototypes

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Scalable atomistic simulation algorithms for materials research

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Scientific Programming 2002年第4期10卷 263-270页

作者： Nakano, Aiichiro Kalia, Rajiv K. Vashishta, Priya Campbell, Timothy J. Ogata, Shuji Shimojo, Fuyuki Saini, Subhash Department of Computer Science Dept. of Mat. Sci. and Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 United States Concurrent Computing Lab. for MS Biol. Comp. and Visualization Center Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 United States Department of Applied Sciences Yamaguchi University Ube 755-8611 Japan Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sci. Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan IT Modeling and Simulation NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA 94035-1000 United States

A suite of scalable atomistic simulation programs has been developed for materials research based on space-time multiresolution algorithms. Design and analysis of parallel algorithms are presented for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum-mechanical (QM) calculations based on the density functional theory. Performance tests have been carried out on 1,088-processor Cray T3E and 1,280-processor IBM SP3 computers. The linear-scaling algorithms have enabled 6.44-billion-atom MD and 111,000-atom QM calculations on 1,024 SP3 processors with parallel efficiency well over 90%. The production-quality programs also feature wavelet-based computational-space decomposition for adaptive load balancing, spacefilling-curve-based adaptive data compression with user-defined error bound for scalable I/O, and octree-based fast visibility culling for immersive and interactive visualization of massive simulation data.

关键词： Parallel algorithms

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Collaborative simulation grid: Multiscale quantum-mechanical/classical atomistic simulations on distributed PC clusters in the US and Japan

Collaborative simulation grid: Multiscale quantum-mechanical...

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2002 IEEE/ACM Conference on Supercomputing, SC 2002

作者： Kikuchi, Hideaki Kalia, Rajiv K. Nakano, Aiichiro Vashishta, Priya Iyetomi, Hiroshi Ogata, Shuji Kouno, Takahisa Shimojo, Fuyuki Tsuruta, Kenji Saini, Subhash Computer Science Department Department of Materials Science Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Southern California United States Concurrent Computing Laboratory for Materials Simulations Department of Computer Science Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University United States Department of Physics Niigata University Japan Department of Applied Sciences Yamaguchi University Japan Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima University Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Okayama University Japan IT Modeling and Simulation NASA Ames Research Center United States

ISBN: (纸本)076951524X

A multidisciplinary, collaborative simulation has been performed on a Grid of geographically distributed PC clusters. The multiscale simulation approach seamlessly combines i) atomistic simulation based on the molecular dynamics (MD) method and ii) quantum mechanical (QM) calculation based on the density functional theory (DFT), so that accurate but less scalable computations are performed only where they are needed. The multiscale MD/QM simulation code has been Grid-enabled using i) a modular, additive hybridization scheme, ii) multiple QM clustering, and iii) computation/communication overlapping. The Gridified MD/QM simulation code has been used to study environmental effects of water molecules on fracture in silicon. A preliminary run of the code has achieved a parallel efficiency of 94% on 25 PCs distributed over 3 PC clusters in the US and Japan, and a larger test involving 154 processors on 5 distributed PC clusters is in progress. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Density functional theory

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LARGE MULTISCALE SIMULATIONS OF COLLOIDAL AND EPITAXICAL QUANTUM DOTS

LARGE MULTISCALE SIMULATIONS OF COLLOIDAL AND EPITAXICAL QUA...

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第8届国际材联电子材料国际研讨会

作者： Aiichiro NAKANO Rajiv K.KALIA Sanjay KODIYALAM Jabari LEE Eiefterios LIDORIKIS Xiaotao SU Priya VASHISHTA Concurrent Computing Laboratory for Materials Simulations Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Shuji OGATA Dept. of Applied Sciences Yamaguchi Univ. Ube 755-8611 JAPAN Fuyuki SHIMOJO Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima Univ. Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 JAPAN Concurrent Computing Laboratory for Materials Simulations Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Shuji OGATA Dept. of Applied Sciences Yamaguchi Univ. Ube 755-8611 JAPAN Fuyuki SHIMOJO Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima Univ. Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 JAPAN Concurrent Computing Laboratory for Materials Simulations Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Shuji OGATA Dept. of Applied Sciences Yamaguchi Univ. Ube 755-8611 JAPAN Fuyuki SHIMOJO Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima Univ. Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 JAPAN Concurrent Computing Laboratory for Materials Simulations Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Shuji OGATA Dept. of Applied Sciences Yamaguchi Univ. Ube 755-8611 JAPAN Fuyuki SHIMOJO Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima Univ. Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 JAPAN Concurrent Computing Laboratory for Materials Simulations Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Shuji OGATA Dept. of Applied Sciences Yamaguchi Univ. Ube 755-8611 JAPAN Fuyuki SHIMOJO Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima Univ. Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 JAPAN Concurrent Computing Laboratory for Materials Simulations Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Shuji OGATA Dept. of Applied Sciences Yamaguchi Univ. Ube 755-8611 JAPAN Fuyuki SHIMOJO Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima Univ. Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 JAPAN Concurrent Computing Laboratory for Materials Simulations Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Shuji OGATA Dept. of Applied Sciences Yamaguchi Univ. Ube 755-8611 JAPAN Fuyuki SHIMOJO Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima Univ. Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521 JAPAN

Petaflop computers and a Grid of distributed supercomputers and virtual environment will offer tremendous opportunities for high-end computational materials research in the next decade. On such platforms, we will be able to simulate and visualize technologically important nanoscale systems seamlessly from atomic to macroscopic length scales. We will present our multiscale simulation approach that

关键词： LARGE MULTISCALE SIMULATIONS OF COLLOIDAL AND EPITAXICAL QUANTUM DOTS

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Effects of nonperturbatively improved dynamical fermions in QCD at fixed lattice spacing

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Physical Review D 2002年第5期65卷 054502-054502页

作者： C. R. Allton S. P. Booth K. C. Bowler J. Garden A. Hart D. Hepburn A. C. Irving B. Joó R. D. Kenway C. M. Maynard C. McNeile C. Michael S. M. Pickles J. C. Sexton K. J. Sharkey Z. Sroczynski M. Talevi M. Teper H. Wittig Department of Physics University of Wales Swansea Swansea SA2 8PP Wales Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JZ Scotland Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JZ Scotland Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0WA England Division of Theoretical Physics Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX England School of Mathematics Trinity College Dublin 2 IrelandHitachi Dublin Laboratory Dublin 2 Ireland Theoretical Physics University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3NP England

We present results for the static interquark potential, lightest glueballs, light hadron spectrum, and topological susceptibility using a nonperturbatively improved action on a 163×32 lattice at a set of values of the bare gauge coupling and bare dynamical quark mass chosen to keep the lattice size fixed in physical units (∼1.7 fm). By comparing these measurements with a matched quenched ensemble, we study the effects due to two degenerate flavors of dynamical quarks. With the greater control over residual lattice spacing effects which these methods afford, we find some evidence of charge screening and some minor effects on the light hadron spectrum over the range of quark masses studied (MPS/MV>~0.58, where PS denotes pseudoscalar and V denotes vector). More substantial differences between quenched and unquenched simulations are observed in measurements of topological quantities.

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Acknowledging insufficiency in the evaluation of legal knowledge-based systems: Strategies towards a broadbased evaluation model 01

Acknowledging insufficiency in the evaluation of legal knowl...

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8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, ICAIL '01

作者： Hall, Maria Jean J. Zeleznikow, John Donald Berman Laboratory for Information Technology and Law Applied Computing Research Institute La Trobe University Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia Centre for Forensic Statistics and Legal Reasoning Faculty of Law University of Edinburgh Old College South Bridge Edinburgh EH89YL United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)1581133685

This paper considers the need for evaluation of knowledge-based systems in general and legal knowledge-based systems in particular. Some special features of legal knowledge-based systems pertinent to their evaluation are presented. The expected benefits of such evaluations are discussed. and some of the difficulties likely to be encountered are *** proceedings of four International Conferences on Artificial Intelligence and Law are analysed to determine the rate of reporting evaluations in non-theoretical papers. These papers had a low rate of consideration of evaluation issues reflecting common practice in research biased development environments. These results confirm that more attention to evaluation is needed in the legal knowledge based systems *** paper foreshadows the development of an evaluation methodology tailored specifically for legal knowledge-based systems. Evaluation strategies beyond verification and validation are drawn upon, both from the international ISO/IEC 14598 and 9126 standards and also from previous work on evaluation models for knowledge-based systems. Copyright 2001 ACM.

关键词： Knowledge based systems

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Scalable Atomistic Simulation Algorithms for Materials Research 01

Scalable Atomistic Simulation Algorithms for Materials Resea...

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2001 ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, SC 2001

作者： Nakano, Aiichiro Kalia, Rajiv K. Vashishta, Priya Campbell, Timothy J. Ogata, Shuji Shimojo, Fuyuki Saini, Subhash Concurrent Computing Laboratory Materials Simulations Biological Computation and Visualization Center Department of Computer Science Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University United States Logicon Inc. Naval Oceanographic Office Major Shared Resource Center Department of Applied Sciences Yamaguchi University Japan Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima University Japan It Modeling and Simulation Nasa Ames Research Center

ISBN: (纸本)158113293X

关键词： Density functional theory

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Initial Stages of Sintering of TiO2 Nanoparticles: Variable-Charge Molecular Dynamics Simulations

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2001年第1期634卷 761-766页

作者： Ogata, Shuji Iyetomi, Hiroshi Tsuruta, Kenji Shimojo, Fuyuki Nakano, Aiichiro Vashishta, Priya Kalia, Rajiv K. Loong, Chun-K. Department of Applied Sciences Yamaguchi University Ube Japan Department of Physics Niigata University Niigata Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Okayama University Okayama Japan Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima Japan Concurrent Computing Laboratory for Materials Simulations Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Argonne National Laboratory Argonne USA

Variable-charge molecular dynamics simulation of 32 TiO2-nanoparticles with diameter 60Å is performed for 40 ps at 1 GPa and 1,400 K for both rutile and anatase phases, to investigate their phase-dependent sintering mechanisms. In the rutile case, the nanoparticles rotate around their centers during the first 20 ps. Varying degrees of neck formation between neighboring rutile-nanoparticles are found at ∼ 40 ps. In the anatase case, the nanoparticles maintain their original orientations. Similar degrees of neck formation are observed at contacting regions of the anatase nanoparticles.

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