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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chen, Mingyu Chen, Yiding Sun, Wen Zhang, Xuezhou Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Boston University United States Department of Computer Science Cornell University United States Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences Boston University United States

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a pivotal technique for large language model (LLM) alignment. This paper studies the setting of online RLHF and focus on improving sample efficiency. All existing algorithms in online RLHF, whether doing passive exploration or active exploration, suffer from a sample complexity that scales exponentially with the scale of the reward function. This fundamental limitation hinders their effectiveness in scenarios with heavily skewed preferences, e.g. questions with a unique correct solution. To address this, we introduce Self-Exploring Preference-Incentive Online Preference Optimization (SE-POPO), an online RLHF algorithm that for the first time achieves a sample complexity that scales polynomially with the reward scale, answering an open problem raised by Xie et al. (2024). Theoretically, we demonstrate that the sample complexity of SE-POPO dominates that of existing exploration algorithms. Empirically, our systematic evaluation confirms that SE-POPO is more sample-efficient than both exploratory and non-exploratory baselines, in two primary application scenarios of RLHF as well as on public benchmarks, marking a significant step forward in RLHF algorithm design. The code is available at https://***/MYC000801/SE-POPO. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Optimisation and Performance Computation of a Phase Frequency Detector Module for IoT Devices

Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing

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Annals of Emerging Technologies in computing 2024年第1期8卷 13-21页

作者： Hemel, Md. Shahriar Khan Reaz, Mamun Bin Ibne Ali, Sawal Hamid Bin Md Bhuiyan, Mohammad Arif Sobhan Miraz, Mahdi H. Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Malaysia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Independent University Bangladesh School of Electrical Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Xiamen University Malaysia Malaysia School of Computing and Data Science Xiamen University Malaysia Malaysia Faculty of Arts Science and Technology Wrexham University United Kingdom Faculty of Computing Engineering and Science University of South Wales United Kingdom

The Internet of Things (IoT) is pivotal in transforming the way we live and interact with our surroundings. To cope with the advancement in technologies, it is vital to acquire accuracy with the speed. A phase frequency detector (PFD) is a critical device to regulate and provide accurate frequency in IoT devices. Designing a PFD poses challenges in achieving precise phase detection, minimising dead zones, optimising power consumption, and ensuring robust performance across various operational frequencies, necessitating complex engineering and innovative solutions. This study delves into optimising a PFD circuit, designed using 90 nm standard CMOS technology, aiming to achieve superior operational frequencies. An efficient and high-frequency PFD design is crafted and analysed using cadence virtuoso. The study focused on investigating the impact of optimising PFD design. With the optimised PFD, an operational frequency of 5 GHz has been achieved, along with a power consumption of only 29 µW. The dead zone of the PFD was only 25 ps. © 2024 by the author(s).

关键词： Phase locked loops

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Divide-Conquer Transformer Learning for Predicting Electric Vehicle Charging Events Using Smart Meter data

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ke, Fucai Wang, Hao Department of Human Centred Computing Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Australia Department of Data Science and AI Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Australia Monash Energy Institute Monash University Australia

Predicting electric vehicle (EV) charging events is crucial for load scheduling and energy management, promoting seamless transportation electrification and decarbonization. While prior studies have focused on EV charging demand prediction, primarily for public charging stations using historical charging data, home charging prediction is equally essential. However, existing prediction methods may not be suitable due to the unavailability of or limited access to home charging data. To address this research gap, inspired by the concept of nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM), we develop a home charging prediction method using historical smart meter data. Different from NILM detecting EV charging that has already occurred, our method provides predictive information of future EV charging occurrences, thus enhancing its utility for charging management. Specifically, our method, leverages a self-attention mechanism-based transformer model, employing a "divide-conquer" strategy, to process historical meter data to effectively and learn EV charging representation for charging occurrence prediction. Our method enables prediction at one-minute interval hour-ahead. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, achieving consistently high accuracy of over 96.81% across different prediction time spans. Notably, our method achieves high prediction performance solely using smart meter data, making it a practical and suitable solution for grid operators. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Smart meters

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Research on long and short-term social recommendation based on convolutional and gated recurrent units 29

Research on long and short-term social recommendation based ...

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29th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, ICPADS 2023

作者： Jia, Zihe Xue, Peng Dai, Zhiqiang Gao, Qian Zhang, Xiaomeng Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Jinan250014 China Shandong Engineering Research Center of Big Data Applied Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Technology Jinan250353 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Jinan250014 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330717

The development of the Internet has made people more closely related and has put forward higher requirements for recommendation models. Most recommendation models are studied only for the long-term interests of users. In this paper, the interaction time between the user and the item is introduced as auxiliary information in the model construction. Interaction time is used to determine users' long-term preferences and short-term preferences. In this paper, temporal features are extracted by building a convolutional gated recurrent unit with attention neural network (CNN-GRU-Attention). Firstly, for the problem of accurate feature extraction, CNN are constructed to extract higher-level and more abstract features of themselves and transform high-dimensional data into low-dimensional data;secondly, for the problem of social temporality, GRU are used to not only extract temporal information, but also effectively reduce gradient dispersion, making model convergence and training easier;finally, Graph Attention networks are used to aggregate the social relationship information of users and items respectively, which constitute the final feature representation of users and items respectively. In particular, a modified cosine similarity is used to reduce the error caused by data insensitivity when constructing the social information of the item. In this study, simulation experiments are conducted on two publicly available datasets (Epinions and Ciao), and the experimental results show that the proposed recommended model performs better than other social recommendation models, improving the evaluation metrics of MAE and RMSE by 1.06%-1.33% and 1.19%-1.37%, respectively. The effectiveness of the model innovation is proved. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： convolutional gated recurrent unit graph attention networks neighborhood recommendation systems social networks

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Predictive Modelling of Protest Event Signatures: Analyzing Temporal Dynamics and Digital Activism Discourse Across Global Movements

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Journal of Social computing 2025年第1期6卷 43-50页

作者： Amila Chethana Nanayakkara B. T. G. Samantha Kumara R. M. Kapila Tharanga Rathnayaka Center for Computer Studies Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka Belihuloya Sri Lanka Department of Data Science Faculty of Computing Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka Belihuloya Sri Lanka Department of Physical Sciences and Technology Faculty of Applied Sciences Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka Belihuloya Sri Lanka

This research introduced a predictive modeling framework to analyze the temporal dynamics of social media discourse during three global movements: the Mahsa Amini Protests (2022), South African Unrest (2021), and the Black Lives Matter Movement (2020). By utilizing Twitter data, the study developed a Protest Social Media Archetype to capture the evolution of tweet activity during key protest periods, identifying common patterns and notable variations in public engagement. Techniques such as LOESS regression and correlation analysis were used to model fluctuations in online activity and assess the impact of social media on public mobilization during socio-political unrest. The findings revealed distinct temporal signatures for each movement, showing similarities in initial engagement and differences in sustained activity across various contexts. These insights underscore the role of digital platforms in protest organization and global solidarity, offering a framework for future studies on digital activism and protest dynamics.

关键词： Analytical models Social computing Fluctuations Social networking (online) Blogs Refining Organizations Predictive models Real-time systems Mathematics

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Digital Sovereignty through Africa-Centric Emotional Intelligence: A Proof of Concept for AI-Enhanced Mental Health Support

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Procedia Computer science 2025年 254卷 269-278页

作者： Sontaga G. Forane Absalom E. Ezugwu Kevin Igwe Unit for Data Science and Computing North-West University 11 Hoffman Street Potchefstroom 2520 North-West South Africa Department of Psychology Faculty of Humanities University of Johannesburg Bunting Road Auckland Park Johannesburg 2092 South Africa

Digital sovereignty is vital for enabling communities to control their technological ecosystems, particularly in areas like mental health, where cultural relevance and data autonomy are paramount. This study examines the integration of Africa-centric emotional intelligence principles into AI-driven mental health support systems, while at the same time proposing a culturally adaptive framework with a proof of concept that emphasizes both technological autonomy and cultural authenticity. Grounded in values such as empathy, communal well-being, resilience, and Ubuntu, the conceptualized approach aligns mental health interventions with the lived experience of African communities. The framework incorporates conversational agents and personalized interventions, alongside a prototype system capable of detecting and classifying mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and stress. The culturally aligned design enhances user trust, engagement, and perceived usefulness, By emphasizing local data control and leveraging Indigenous systems, this work promotes digital sovereignty and addresses privacy concerns. Preliminary testing of the prototype demonstrates the feasibility of culturally attuned AI solutions, showing improved user engagement and trust. This paper emphasizes the need for mental health interventions that respect cultural identity while promoting digital autonomy. More so, it advocates for AI systems personalized to regional contexts and calls for mental health solutions that uphold cultural identity while advancing digital self-governance.

关键词： data Sovereignty Digital Sovereignty Mental Health Emotional Intelligence Large Language Models Ubuntu Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Africa-Centric

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MG-Net: learn to customize QAOA with circuit depth awareness 24

MG-Net: learn to customize QAOA with circuit depth awareness

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Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Yang Qian Xinbiao Wang Yuxuan Du Yong Luo Dacheng Tao School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering University of Sydney New South Wales Australia Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798331314385

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and its variants exhibit immense potential in tackling combinatorial optimization challenges. However, their practical realization confronts a dilemma: the requisite circuit depth for satisfactory performance is problem-specific and often exceeds the maximum capability of current quantum devices. To address this dilemma, here we first analyze the convergence behavior of QAOA, uncovering the origins of this dilemma and elucidating the intricate relationship between the employed mixer Hamiltonian, the specific problem at hand, and the permissible maximum circuit depth. Harnessing this understanding, we introduce the Mixer Generator Network (MG-Net), a unified deep learning framework adept at dynamically formulating optimal mixer Hamiltonians tailored to distinct tasks and circuit depths. Systematic simulations, encompassing Ising models and weighted Max-Cut instances with up to 64 qubits, substantiate our theoretical findings, highlighting MG-Net's superior performance in terms of both approximation ratio and efficiency.

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Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm to Detect False data Injection in Wireless Sensor Network 2

Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm to Detect False Data Inject...

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2nd International Conference on Augmented Intelligence and Sustainable Systems, ICAISS 2023

作者： Babuji, R. Ganesan, J. Jeya Lekha, D. Karthikeyan, M. Kalai Selvi, D.M. Rmk Engineering College Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India Sri Sairam Institute of Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Tamil Nadu Chennai India Rmk College of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India Srm Institute of Science and Technology School of Computing Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Computing Technologies Tamil Nadu Chennai India R.M.D. Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325799

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) contains spatially distributed sensor nodes that collaborate with each other. However, the WSN is susceptible since the wireless medium is unpredictable. Several conventional approaches are used to distinguish the abnormal in the WSN, and all have difficulties. An Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm (EKFA) to detect false inject data in WSN is proposed in this paper. It addresses two issues such as abnormality recognition and obstacle detection. It also distinguishes false insert data. Particularly, it observes neighbors' behaviors and then applying EKFA to forecast their future states. The node behavior is observed by incorporating abnormal node examination and system examination elements. The Path Optimization Method (POM) is a shortest route that is used to discover the obstacle in the WSN. The EKFA mechanism minimizes the forwarder count and delay by applying POM. Simulation results demonstrate that the EKFA approach enhances abnormal node detection and minimizes the false negative ratio. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Extended Kalman filters

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Semi-Supervised Feature Selection With Multi-Scale Fuzzy Information Fusion: From Both Global and Local Perspectives

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IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 2025年第6期33卷 1825-1839页

作者： Zhou, Nan Liao, Shujiao Chen, Hongmei Ding, Weiping Lu, Yaqian Minnan Normal University School of Mathematics and Statistics Fujian Key Laboratory of Granular Computing and Applications Zhangzhou363000 China Southwest Jiaotong University School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology Chengdu611756 China Nantong University School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science Nantong226019 China City University of Macau Faculty of Data Science 999078 China

In reality, the laborious nature of label annotation leads to the widespread existence of limited labeled data. Moreover, multi-scale data have received widespread attention due to its rich knowledge representation. However, current research on multi-scale data primarily focuses on supervised learning environments, while semi-supervised feature selection for multi-scale data with limited labels remains inadequately explored. Meanwhile, existing studies on multi-scale data often emphasize selecting optimal scales and further conducting feature selection, but this strategy may result in losing potentially valuable information from other scales. To overcome these limitations, by adopting a multi-scale fuzzy information fusion mechanism, this article proposes two new semi-supervised feature selection approaches for multi-scale data with limited labels from both global and local perspectives. Initially, by fusing fuzzy information at various scales, a label learning method is proposed to convert the decision of missing labels into a fuzzy decision of label distribution. Subsequently, label-distributed multi-scale fuzzy global and local rough sets are constructed from global and local perspectives, respectively. Based on the two models, two semi-supervised feature selection algorithms are developed based on global and local multi-scale fuzzy information fusion. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to other advanced feature selection algorithms, the two proposed algorithms can effectively handle multi-scale data with limited labels and exhibit superior classification performance, computational efficiency and robustness. © 1993-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Empowering autonomous IoT devices in blockchain through gasless transactions

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Blockchain: Research and Applications 2025年第2期6卷

作者： Madhwal, Yash Yanovich, Yury Korotkevich, Aleksandra Parshina, Daria Seropian, Nshteh Gavrilov, Stepan Nikolaev, Alex Balachander, S. Murugan, A. Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow121205 Russia Faculty of Computer Science HSE University Moscow109028 Russia Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies ITMO University St. Petersburg197101 Russia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow141701 Russia Department of Data Science and Business Systems School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur603203 India

The article introduces a proof-of-concept (PoC) that demonstrates the management of Internet of Things (IoT) devices' infrastructure via smart contracts, facilitating their interaction with the blockchain through gasless transactions. The focus is empowering IoT devices to autonomously sign transactions using their verified private keys, eliminating the necessity for external wallets and enabling blockchain interaction using Biconomy without incurring gas fees. In this PoC, managers can validate IoT devices, permitting them to transmit transactions securely without being able to manipulate measurements or risking losing crypto assets in case of hardware malfunctions. This innovative method ensures that devices with minimal funds can access sensor data and communicate with a smart contract on the blockchain to update information utilizing account abstraction. Detailed workflow and simulation results are provided to showcase the practicality and advantages of this approach in scenarios demanding seamless automated blockchain engagement through IoT devices. The PoC code is openly accessible on GitHub, enhancing the transparency and accessibility of our research outcomes. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Account abstraction Blockchain Gasless transaction Internet of Things Mobile application Smart contract

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