There is widespread anecdotal evidence that expert programmers make use of visual mental images when they are designing programs. In this study, expert programmers were directly questioned regarding the nature of thei...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0897919920
There is widespread anecdotal evidence that expert programmers make use of visual mental images when they are designing programs. In this study, expert programmers were directly questioned regarding the nature of their mental representations while they were engaged in a design task. This investigative technique was used with the explicit intention of eliciting introspective reports of mental imagery. The resulting transcripts displayed a considerable number of common elements. These suggest that software design shares many characteristics of more concrete design disciplines. They also provide promising areas for further investigation of software development support tools and design strategies.
This paper reports on large-scale trials of Internet-based university-level distance teaching. The use of technology, and more specifically the Internet, has been an important advance for distance education. However, ...
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This paper reports on large-scale trials of Internet-based university-level distance teaching. The use of technology, and more specifically the Internet, has been an important advance for distance education. However, simply translating material from familiar media into electronic form is rarely productive-and is certainly inadequate for supported distance education, which aims to engage the student in a 'community of learning'. The value Internet technology brings to distance education lies not in direct translation from other media but in transformation of support mechanisms to exploit its potential range. The paper begins by considering how instruction and support functions can be served and potentially enhanced by an Internet-based structure. It considers which changes in culture help to preserve or improve teaching quality while adapting to screen-based and often asynchronous interactions. It discusses: trials of mechanisms for interactions among students and instructors; assignment marking using an electronic marking tool; electronic assignment handling; synchronous and asynchronous Internet-based problem sessions; and automatic student registration. The paper summarizes qualitative and quantitative findings of an extensive evaluation involving several hundred students over three courses and considering learning, student experience, assignment marking, problem sessions, scalability and integration into existing administrative structures. It highlights both costs and gains of using the Internet to transform the distance learning environment for those associated with it: students, instructors, administrators and institutions.
The use of the Internet is a common theme in current educational technology research. However, hype does not augment learning, and new technology alone does not promise improvement. The question is does Internet prese...
ISBN:
(纸本)9780897919234
The use of the Internet is a common theme in current educational technology research. However, hype does not augment learning, and new technology alone does not promise improvement. The question is does Internet presentation alone affect learning outcomes? This study examines two groups of distance learning students on a single course, using the same learning materials, but with different means of communication. One group consists of conventional distance learning students who communicate with their instructors via telephone and written correspondence, while the other group communicates electronically via the Internet. Attitudes, learning styles, self perceptions, grades, and experiences for each group are compared to assess the impact of the Internet, as a communication medium. The Internet as a communication medium is not found to have any significant effect on learning outcomes, and neither is any learning style profile. The student experiences are favourable in both mediums, however those using the Internet reported greater flexibility and faster response times.
In the class of restricted controls with their restricted derivatives a linear optimal control problem for dynamic systems is under consideration. An approach to realize optimal feedback controls for a concrete proces...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783952426906
In the class of restricted controls with their restricted derivatives a linear optimal control problem for dynamic systems is under consideration. An approach to realize optimal feedback controls for a concrete process is suggested which is based on reducing the problem to a linear programming problem and consequent using the dual method of linear programming. An algorithm for Optimal controller which in real-time mode for every concrete process of functioning the system produces controls bounded on amplitudes and derivatives is justified. Results of computer experiments on realizing the optimal feedback for two mass point connected by elastic bond are given.
This paper describes the design and implementation of a computer-assisted learning tool to support the learning environment provided for postgraduate students following courses in Information Technology. The tool is c...
This paper describes the design and implementation of a computer-assisted learning tool to support the learning environment provided for postgraduate students following courses in Information Technology. The tool is called 'ICITT' - an acronym for Interactive Computerized Information Technology Tutor. The paper presents the unique aspects of this tool and the overall educational benefits of the system are briefly discussed.
This paper is based on a project which was funded under the EU DELTA research initiative with participating partners from the UK, The Netherlands, Germany and Ireland. It describes the purpose, design and development ...
This paper is based on a project which was funded under the EU DELTA research initiative with participating partners from the UK, The Netherlands, Germany and Ireland. It describes the purpose, design and development of a knowledge-based computer system that addresses Training Needs Analysis (TNA). The consortium of industrialists and academics designed and built an innovative software tool which gives accurate and consistent advice regarding training requirements for an organisation's personnel. To create this tool, knowledge engineers methodically interviewed and elicited knowledge from several experts in the domain of human training and development. The final system entailed representing the underlying knowledge structures and concepts of the training needs analysis process. The application was constructed to represent training needs analysis decision making and the system and interface were built using Visual Basic. The final application has been critically evaluated by end-users at several test sites across Europe.
Summary form only given. Distance education enables students who are unable to attend classes on a regular basis (for reasons such as work or family commitments, disability or geographical location) to complete degree...
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Summary form only given. Distance education enables students who are unable to attend classes on a regular basis (for reasons such as work or family commitments, disability or geographical location) to complete degrees in their own time and at their own preferred location. While providing these study opportunities has been the primary reason that universities have specialized in distance learning, increasingly educational institutions are viewing distance learning as a means of broadening their student base, often in answer to political pressures. Before deciding to offer courses at a distance, consideration must be given to: how, by whom and for whom the courses will be developed; what professional support is needed and available to assist with development; the support structures that will be put in place for the students; the logistics and mechanics of assessment; the equipment and software to which the students must have access; the courses that will benefit from integrating technologies in their preparation and teaching; what is a reasonable class size; and so forth. Today consideration must be given also to the costs and benefits of: multimedia; interactive distance learning via satellites; and computer mediated courses. This paper considers aspects of these issues from various perspectives.
It is suggested that Category Theory provides the right level of mathematical abstraction to address languages for describing software architectures. Contrarily to most other formalisations of SA concepts, Category Th...
ISBN:
(纸本)0818673613
It is suggested that Category Theory provides the right level of mathematical abstraction to address languages for describing software architectures. Contrarily to most other formalisations of SA concepts, Category Theory does not promote any particular formalism for component and connector description but provides instead the very semantics of the concepts that are related to the gross modularisation of complex systems like "interconnection", "configuration", "instantiation" and "composition". Two examples, a category of programs for a parallel program design language and a category of temporal logic specifications, together with comparisons with other work, namely by Allen and Garlan, and Moriconi and Qian, are adduced to justify this claim.
It is suggested that category theory provides the right level of mathematical abstraction to address languages for describing software architectures. Contrarily to most other formalisations of SA concepts, category th...
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It is suggested that category theory provides the right level of mathematical abstraction to address languages for describing software architectures. Contrarily to most other formalisations of SA concepts, category theory does not promote any particular formalism for component and connector description but provides instead the very semantics of the concepts that are related to the gross modularisation of complex systems like "interconnection": "configuration", "instantiation" and "composition": Two examples, a category of programs for a parallel program design language and a category of temporal logic specifications, together with comparisons with other work, namely by R. Allen and D. Garlan (1994), and M. Moriconi and X. Qian (1994), are adduced to justify this claim.
It is suggested that Category Theory provides the right level of mathematical abstraction to address languages for describing software architectures. Contrarily to most other formalisations of SA concepts, Category Th...
ISBN:
(纸本)9780818673610
It is suggested that Category Theory provides the right level of mathematical abstraction to address languages for describing software architectures. Contrarily to most other formalisations of SA concepts, Category Theory does not promote any particular formalism for component and connector description but provides instead the very semantics of the concepts that are related to the gross modularisation of complex systems like "interconnection", "configuration", "instantiation" and "composition". Two examples, a category of programs for a parallel program design language and a category of temporal logic specifications, together with comparisons with other work, namely by Allen and Garlan, and Moriconi and Qian, are adduced to justify this claim.
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