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Securing Cloud Computing from Flash Crowd Attack Using Ensemble Intrusion Detection System

computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第10期47卷 453-469页

作者： Turke Althobaiti Yousef Sanjalawe Naeem Ramzan Department of Computer Science Faculty of ScienceNorthern Border University(NBU)Arar73222Saudi Arabia Remote Sensing Unit Northern Border University(NBU)Arar73222Saudi Arabia Deparment of Cybersecurity American University of Madaba(AUM)Amman11821Jordan School of Engineering and Computing University of West of ScotlandPaisleyPA12BEUK

Flash Crowd attacks are a form of Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack that is becoming increasingly difficult to detect due to its ability to imitate normal user behavior in Cloud Computing(CC).Botnets are often used by attackers to perform a wide range of DDoS *** advancements in technology,bots are now able to simulate DDoS attacks as flash crowd events,making them difficult to *** it comes to application layer DDoS attacks,the Flash Crowd attack that occurs during a Flash Event is viewed as the most intricate *** is mainly because it can imitate typical user behavior,leading to a substantial influx of requests that can overwhelm the server by consuming either its network bandwidth or ***,identifying these types of attacks on web servers has become crucial,particularly in the *** this article,an efficient intrusion detection method is proposed based on White Shark Optimizer and ensemble classifier(Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and LighGBM).Experiments were conducted using a CICIDS 2017 dataset to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in real-life *** proposed IDS achieved superior results,with 95.84%accuracy,96.15%precision,95.54%recall,and 95.84%F1 *** crowd attacks are challenging to detect,but the proposed IDS has proven its effectiveness in identifying such attacks in CC and holds potential for future improvement.

关键词： Cloud computing CNN flash crowd attack intrusion detection system LightGBM White Shark Optimizer

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Beyond Accuracy: Evaluating certainty of AI models for brain tumour detection

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 193卷 110375-110375页

作者： Nisa, Zaib Un Bhatti, Sohail Masood Jaffar, Arfan Mazhar, Tehseen Shahzad, Tariq Ghadi, Yazeed Yasin Almogren, Ahmad Hamam, Habib Department of Computer Science and Information Technology The Superior University Lahore54600 Pakistan Lahore54600 Pakistan School of Computer Science National College of Business Administration and Economics Lahore54000 Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Sahiwal57000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain University Abu Dhabi12555 United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh11633 Saudi Arabia School of Electrical Engineering University of Johannesburg Johannesburg2006 South Africa Av. Grandes Ecoles LibrevilleBP 1989 Gabon University of Ha'il Ha'il55476 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science School Education Department Government of Punjab Layyah31200 Pakistan Faculty of Engineering Uni de Moncton MonctonNBE1A3E9 Canada

Brain tumors pose a severe health risk, often leading to fatal outcomes if not detected early. While most studies focus on improving classification accuracy, this research emphasizes prediction certainty, quantified through loss values. Traditional metrics like accuracy and precision do not capture confidence in predictions, which is critical for medical applications. This study establishes a correlation between lower loss values and higher prediction certainty, ensuring more reliable tumor classification. We evaluate CNN, ResNet50, XceptionNet, and a Proposed Model (VGG19 with customized classification layers) using accuracy, precision, recall, and loss. Results show that while accuracy remains comparable across models, the Proposed Model achieves the best performance (96.95 % accuracy, 0.087 loss), outperforming others in both precision and recall. These findings demonstrate that certainty-aware AI models are essential for reliable clinical decision-making. This study highlights the potential of AI to bridge the shortage of medical professionals by integrating reliable diagnostic tools in healthcare. AI-powered systems can enhance early detection and improve patient outcomes, reinforcing the need for certainty-driven AI adoption in medical imaging. © 2025

关键词： Electrotherapeutics

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MSKI-Net: Towards modality-specific knowledge interaction for glioma survival prediction

MSKI-Net: Towards modality-specific knowledge interaction fo...

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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Ran Su Jin Xiao Hui Cui Ping Xuan Xikang Feng Leyi Wei Qiangguo Jin School of Computer Software College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Computer Science and Information Technology La Trobe University Melbourne Australia Department of Computer Science School of Engineering Shantou University China School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University China AIDD Faculty of Applied Science Macao Polytechnic University Macao SAR China School of Information Xiamen University Xiamen China Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Taicang China

ISBN: (数字)9798350386226

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386233

Gliomas hold a prominent position in neurooncology due to their high malignancy and poor survival rates. Accurately predicting the prognosis and survival risk of glioma patients is crucial for clinical treatment. Recent advances in survival prediction methods emphasize the importance of integrating complementary information from diverse modalities while neglecting the significant modality gap between pathological images and genomic data. To address this issue, we propose a modality-specific knowledge interaction network (MSKI-Net), which integrates whole slide images (WSI), RNA-Seq gene expression data, and copy number variation (CNV) data for glioma survival analysis. The MSKI-Net consists of a modality-specific feature enhancement (MSFE) module, a modality-interactive cross-attention (MICA) module, and a modality-specific knowledge-guided representation learning (MSKR) module. The three modules collaborate by complementing modality-specific features with modality-agnostic knowledge to improve the learning capability of MSKI-Net. Furthermore, we construct a dataset named TCGA mm , which combines WSI, RNA-Seq, and CNV data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to address the issue of data scarcity. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MSKI-Net achieves superior performance in predicting the survival risk of glioma cancer.

关键词： Knowledge engineering Representation learning Pathology Genomics Prediction methods Data models Gene expression Bioinformatics Prognostics and health management Cancer

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DNCP: A Robust Artificial Intelligence Based Alzheimer's Disease Detection Methodology by Using Deep Neural Classification Principle

DNCP: A Robust Artificial Intelligence Based Alzheimer's Dis...

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Innovative Computing, Intelligent Communication and Smart Electrical Systems (ICSES), International Conference on

作者： R.Jeya Malar K. Devanandam Nanammal V Ch. Hemanth Kumar Bonde A Suha Afaneh Dept of Computer Science and Engineering Kings Engineering College Chennai Department of S&H QIS College of Engineering and Technology PrakasamDistrict AndhraPradesh Dept of ECE Jeppiaar Engineering College Chennai Department of MCA QIS College of Engineering and Technology AndhraPradesh Department of Mechanical Engineering Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering Nagpur Department of Cybersecurity faculty of information technology Zarqa university Zarqa Jordan University of Business and Technology Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9798331543624

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543631

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes cognitive decline, memory loss, and ultimately death. Early and accurate detection of AD is crucial for timely intervention and improving patient outcomes. This study proposes DNCP: a robust deep learning (DL) based classification methodology for AD detection. The model integrates advanced preprocessing techniques, such as image registration, intensity normalization, and noise reduction, to enhance the quality of neuroimaging data. A multimodal learning approach is utilized to combine features from specific brain regions of interest (ROI), including the hippocampus, gray matter, and white matter. Comparative analysis was conducted against state-of-the-art models such as CNNs (ResNet, VGG-16, AlexNet), RNNs, and AutoEncoders, demonstrating the superior performance of DNCP. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 95.7 % , sensitivity of 94.1%, and specificity of 96.2%, outperforming all other models. The results show that the DNCP model provides an efficient and reliable solution for early-stage Alzheimer's detection, opening doors for enhanced diagnostic tools in clinical settings.

关键词： Neuroimaging Deep learning Accuracy Sensitivity Computational modeling Brain modeling Convolutional neural networks Reliability Alzheimer's disease White matter

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Smart Home Gas Sensor Optimization Using Kalman Filter for Data Processing

Smart Home Gas Sensor Optimization Using Kalman Filter for D...

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International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC)

作者： Somantri Muhamad Ikhsan Thohir Alun Sujjada Deni Setiawan Ilham Komara Fikri Ardiansyah Efendi Muhamad Muslih Zubaile Bin Abdullah Mohd Zainuri Saringat Department of Software Engineering University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Informatics Engineering Study Program Nusa Putra University Sukabumi Indonesia Informatics Engineering Study Program Nusa Putra University Sukabumi Indonesia Department of Software Engineering University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Sukabumi Indonesia Department of Information System Nusa Putra University Sukabumi Indonesia Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia

ISBN: (数字)9798331517601

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517618

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into modern homes has enhanced safety and comfort, particularly in detecting gas leaks, which pose serious fire hazards. Gas leaks can often be detected by smell, but this method fails when no one is present. Previous research using microcontrollers and sensors to detect gas leaks faced challenges with accuracy due to noise interference. This paper proposes the use of a Kalman filter, developed by Rudolf Emil Kalman in 1960, to improve gas leak detection accuracy by filtering out noise. The system comprises an Arduino Nano, ESP8266 WiFi module, MQ-2 gas sensor, buzzer, and ThingSpeak cloud platform. By applying the Kalman filter, noise and data oscillations are reduced, enhancing detection accuracy. Experimental results show the system effectively detects gas leaks, provides real-time data, and triggers alarms. Future improvements could include additional sensors and features to further increase the system’s reliability and functionality.

关键词： Accuracy Noise Sensor phenomena and characterization Sensor systems Real-time systems Kalman filters Internet of Things Reliability Leak detection Gas detectors

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FGRL-Net: Fine-Grained Personalized Patient Representation Learning for Clinical Risk Prediction Based on EHRs

FGRL-Net: Fine-Grained Personalized Patient Representation L...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： KaKit Chio Wenhao Zhu Lihua He Dian Zhang Xu Yang Wuman Luo Faculty of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic University Macao S.A.R China School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Province China Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Personalized patient representation learning (PPRL) is a critical element in clinical risk prediction. It aims to obtain a complete portrait of each patient based on Electronic Health Records (EHR). Although existing works have achieved remarkable progress in healthcare prediction, there are still three major issues. First, feature correlation is crucial for risk prediction, but it has not yet been fully exploited by existing works. Second, variation pattern of dynamic feature contains useful information about patient's physical status, but adaptive pattern recognition is still a challenge. Third, existing works usually adopt a two-stage embedding process to process each dimension of the EHR data. However, some useful low-level information for PPRL will be lost. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a fine-grained PPRL architecture named FG RL- N et for clinical risk prediction based on EHR. Specifically, we propose a Medical Feature Correlation Detection Module (FCM) to effectively learn the feature correlations for each patient and a Temporal Variation Pattern Recognition Module (TVM) to effectively detect the variation patterns of each dynamic feature. Moreover, we design a Fine-Grained Representation Mechanism (FGRM) to preserve the low-level information (from both feature and visit dimensions) useful for risk prediction. In addition, in the stage of data preprocessing, We utilize generic medical classification knowledge to classify numerical dynamic data. We conduct the in-hospital mortality experiment and the decompensation experiment on a real-world dataset. The experiment results show that the FGRL-Net outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. The source code is provided in github https://***/JackyChio/FGRL-Net.

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Cheating Detection in Browser-based Online Exams through Eye Gaze Tracking 6

Cheating Detection in Browser-based Online Exams through Eye...

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6th International Conference on Information Technology Research, ICITR 2021

作者： Dilini, Nimesha Senaratne, Asara Yasarathna, Tharindu Warnajith, Nalin Seneviratne, Leelanga Software Engineering Teaching Unit University of Kelaniya Kelaniya Sri Lanka College of Engineering and Computer Science Australian National University Canberra Australia Faculty of Information Technology University of Moratuwa Moratuwa Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9781665420006

Eye-tracking can detect and examine human visual attention, emotional conditions, latent cognitive processes such as efforts to recall a concept or the fear of running out of time, and so on. Hence, we can use eye-tracking to identify deviant behavior patterns in learning and problem-solving. At present, given the existence of a global pandemic, online exams are widely used by educational institutions to evaluate students' performance. However, identifying cheating is challenging due to the absence of a human (invigilator) monitoring students' behavior as done in exams held in a physical location. In an online environment, students' behavior, and attempts to cheat, can only be captured via a computer, thus requiring a mechanism for online proctoring with capabilities for cheating detection. In this research paper, we present a browser based cheating detection approach in online examinations through eye gaze tracking. We developed a browser plugin to track the eye gaze movements through the in-built web camera. Using the plugin, we generate an eye gaze dataset while a student faces an online examination. We then process and analyze this dataset to detect any misbehavior during an online examination. The underlying research work of this paper identifies different eye gaze patterns during online examinations and present a cheating detection mechanism. For anomaly detection in the eye gaze data, we use a One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM). We then use these identified anomalies to predict cheating behaviors of the test takers. The given approach can be used for any web-based quiz examination such as academic institutions' exams, company recruitment exams, and overseas testing exams to detect any anomalous behaviors of the test takers during the examination period. The given eye tracking approach can also be applied to other research domains such as online gaming, and web usability studies to capture information related to user behaviors. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Metric Spaces in Which Many Triangles Are Degenerate

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chvátal, Vašek de Rancourt, Noé Quintero, Guillermo Gamboa Kantor, Ida Szabó, Péter G.N. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada Department of Applied Mathematics Charles University Prague Czech Republic Univ. Lille CNRS UMR 8524 Laboratoire Paul Painlevé LilleF-59000 France Computer Science Institute of Charles University Prague Czech Republic Department of Engineering Mathematics Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Pécs Pécs Hungary Department of Computer Science and Information Theory Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary

Richmond and Richmond (American Mathematical Monthly 104 (1997), 713–719) proved the following theorem: If, in a metric space with at least five points, all triangles are degenerate, then the space is isometric to a subset of the real line. We prove that the hypothesis is unnecessarily strong: In a metric space on n points, fewer than 7n2/6 suitably placed degenerate triangles suffice. However, fewer than n(n − 1)/2 degenerate triangles, no matter how cleverly placed, never *** Codes 30L99, 51F99, 54E99 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Topology

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Determinants of under-five mortality in Zimbabwe: Evidence from the 2015–2016 Zimbabwe demographic Health Survey data

Women and Children Nursing

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Women and Children Nursing 2024年第1期2卷 1-8页

作者： Elliot Mbunge Garikayi Chemhaka Tafadzwa Dzinamarira Enos Moyo Stephen Fashoto Benhildah Muchemwa Jolly Buwerimwe Ester Petrus Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Eswatini Kwaluseni Campus Kwaluseni M201 South Africa Department of Statistics and Demography Faculty of Social Sciences University of Eswatini Kwaluseni Campus Kwaluseni M201 South Africa School of Health Systems and Public Health University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa StellenBosch University Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa Software Department Faculty of ICT International University of Management Windhoek Namibia

Background Child mortality is an important measure of a population’s health status. It is included in the third sustainable development goal that aims to improve global health by reducing under-five mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births by 2030. The study determines the factors associated with under-five child mortality in Zimbabwe. Methods Cross-sectional secondary data from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) were analyzed. The sample included 5,806 women aged 15–49 years of reproductive age. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the association between child death and independent variables. We identified the individual and contextual factors associated with child deaths in Zimbabwe using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results The risks of under-five mortality were highest among children of first birth order (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.37, P = 0.04), multiple births (aHR = 2.37, P = 0.04), mothers with primary or less maternal education (aHR = 1, Ref), mothers below 18 years old (aHR = 1, Ref), apostolic mothers (aHR = 2.90, P = 0.002), mothers who do not use contraceptives (aHR = 2.20, P < 0.001), formerly married women (aHR = 6.42, P = 0.005), women with 5 or more children (aHR = 15.84, P < 0.001), women who read newspapers less than once a week (aHR = 1.75, P = 0.13), and households that use high-polluting fuels (aHR = 1.92, P = 0.023). Conclusion This study establishes that child health, maternal, socioeconomic, household, and ecological factors are important determinants of under-five mortality in Zimbabwe. Understanding these determinants is crucial for designing effective interventions and policies to reduce child mortality rates. This requires comprehensive approaches such as improving access to healthcare, education, and basic sanitation facilities; prioritizing nutrition; providing clean water; enhancing poverty reduction and immunization; and promoting breastfeeding and social empo

关键词： Child mortality Survival analysis Hazard ratio Cox proportional model

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Modelling IoT Application Requirements for Benchmarking IoT Middleware Platforms 2021

Modelling IoT Application Requirements for Benchmarking IoT ...

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23rd International Conference on Information Integration and Web Intelligence, iiWAS 2021

作者： Mondal, Shalmoly Hassani, Alireza Jayaraman, Prem Prakash Haghighi, Pari Delir Georgakopoulos, Dimitrios Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology Swinburne University of Technology Australia School of Info Technology Deakin University Australia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology Australia Department of Human Centred Computing Monash University Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450395564

The significant advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) have led to IoT applications being widely used in various scenarios ranging from smart city, smart farming, to Industrial IoT (IIoT) solutions. With the explosion of IoT application development, IoT middleware platforms are increasingly being used for hosting such IoT applications. This has given rise to the need for developing benchmarking solutions to analyze and test the performance of different middleware platforms that host these IoT applications. To develop such benchmarks, there are a number of key components that are needed. One of these components is an IoT dataset. To generate such datasets, representing IoT application requirements in a general and formal way is important. In this paper, we propose a framework to model the IoT Applications Requirements and enable Data Generation(ARDG-IoT). The framework supports a formal way to capture IoT application requirements and use these requirements to generate IoT data that can be used to create benchmarks for different IoT middleware platforms. ARDG-IoT consists of our proposed model, IoTSySML, which captures the application requirements, and an IoT data simulator tool, which is used to generate IoT data. We present an evaluation of the framework using a real world Industrial IoT application case study. © 2021 ACM.

关键词： Benchmarking

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