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IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking 2024年 2卷 1265-1282页

作者： Raftopoulou, Maria Da Silva, Jose Mairton B. Litjens, Remco Vincent Poor, H. Van Mieghem, Piet Uppsala University Department of Information Technology Uppsala751 05 Sweden Delft University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft2628 CD Netherlands Department of Networks The Hague2595 DA Netherlands Princeton University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Federated learning is an effective method to train a machine learning model without requiring to aggregate the potentially sensitive data of agents in a central server. However, the limited communication bandwidth, the hardware of the agents and a potential application-specific latency requirement impact how many and which agents can participate in the learning process at each communication round. In this paper, we propose a selection metric characterizing each agent's importance with respect to both the learning process and the resource efficiency of its wireless communication channel. Leveraging this importance metric, we formulate a general agent selection optimization problem, which can be adapted to different environments with latency or resource-oriented constraints. Considering an example wireless environment with latency constraints, the agent selection problem reduces to the 0/1 Knapsack problem, which we solve with a fully polynomial approximation. We then evaluate the agent selection policy in different scenarios, using extensive simulations for an example task of object classification of European traffic signs. The results indicate that agent selection policies which consider both learning and channel aspects provide benefits in terms of the attainable global model accuracy and/or the time needed to achieve a targeted accuracy level. However, in scenarios where agents have a limited number of data samples or where the latency requirement is very stringent, a pure learning-based agent selection policy is shown to be more beneficial during the early or late stages of the learning process. © 2023 CCBY.

关键词： Federated learning

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Perceptual Fairness in Image Restoration 38

Perceptual Fairness in Image Restoration

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Ohayon, Guy Elad, Michael Michaeli, Tomer Faculty of Computer Science Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Israel Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Israel

Fairness in image restoration tasks is the desire to treat different sub-groups of images equally well. Existing definitions of fairness in image restoration are highly restrictive. They consider a reconstruction to be a correct outcome for a group (e.g., women) only if it falls within the group's set of ground truth images (e.g., natural images of women);otherwise, it is considered entirely incorrect. Consequently, such definitions are prone to controversy, as errors in image restoration can manifest in various ways. In this work we offer an alternative approach towards fairness in image restoration, by considering the Group Perceptual Index (GPI), which we define as the statistical distance between the distribution of the group's ground truth images and the distribution of their reconstructions. We assess the fairness of an algorithm by comparing the GPI of different groups, and say that it achieves perfect Perceptual Fairness (PF) if the GPIs of all groups are identical. We motivate and theoretically study our new notion of fairness, draw its connection to previous ones, and demonstrate its utility on state-of-the-art face image restoration algorithms. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Addressing Imbalance in Health Datasets: A New Method NR-Clustering SMOTE and Distance Metric Modification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2931-2949页

作者： Hairani Hairani Triyanna Widiyaningtyas Didik Dwi Prasetya Afrig Aminuddin Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesia Department of Computer Science Universitas BumigoraMataram83127Indonesia Department of Computer Graphic and Multimedia Faculty of ComputingCollege of Computing and Applied SciencesUniversiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia

An imbalanced dataset often challenges machine learning, particularly classification methods. Underrepresented minority classes can result in biased and inaccurate models. The Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) was developed to address the problem of imbalanced data. Over time, several weaknesses of the SMOTE method have been identified in generating synthetic minority class data, such as overlapping, noise, and small disjuncts. However, these studies generally focus on only one of SMOTE’s weaknesses: noise or overlapping. Therefore, this study addresses both issues simultaneously by tackling noise and overlapping in SMOTE-generated data. This study proposes a combined approach of filtering, clustering, and distance modification to reduce noise and overlapping produced by SMOTE. Filtering removes minority class data (noise) located in majority class regions, with the k-nn method applied for filtering. The use of Noise Reduction (NR), which removes data that is considered noise before applying SMOTE, has a positive impact in overcoming data imbalance. Clustering establishes decision boundaries by partitioning data into clusters, allowing SMOTE with modified distance metrics to generate minority class data within each cluster. This SMOTE clustering and distance modification approach aims to minimize overlap in synthetic minority data that could introduce noise. The proposed method is called “NR-Clustering SMOTE,” which has several stages in balancing data: (1) filtering by removing minority classes close to majority classes (data noise) using the k-nn method;(2) clustering data using K-means aims to establish decision boundaries by partitioning data into several clusters;(3) applying SMOTE oversampling with Manhattan distance within each cluster. Test results indicate that the proposed NR-Clustering SMOTE method achieves the best performance across all evaluation metrics for classification methods such as Random Forest, SVM, and Naїve Bayes, compared t

关键词： SMOTE modification Clustering-SMOTE manhattan distance

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A New Comparative Approach Based on Features of Subcomponents and Machine Learning Algorithms to Detect and Classify Power Quality Disturbances

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Electric Power Components and Systems 2024年第8期52卷 1269-1292页

作者： Akkaya, Sıtkı Yüksek, Emre Akgün, Hasan Metehan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sivas University of Science and Technology Sivas Turkey Department of Computer Engineering of Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sivas University of Science and Technology Sivas Turkey Department of Aircraft Technology of Sivas Vocational School Sivas University of Science and Technology Sivas Turkey

Current measurement systems based on the IEEE-1159 standard have some limitations and robustness problems under noisy and fast-changing conditions. Besides, applying different methods for each Power Quality Disturbance (PQD) to every window is required but time-consuming and not feasible. Therefore, different kinds of two-stage methods, Detection and Classification (D&C), have been improved in many studies. Then, the required measurement can be performed to define disturbance. For this purpose, a new approach based on features of subcomponents with Machine Learning Algorithms (MLAs) to detect and classify PQDs is proposed. 21-class dataset including single and multiple PQDs under different noisy conditions was prepared randomly. Of this dataset, determined features were extracted and some of these were selected. Then, selected features were trained and tested with some MLAs in a workstation. Results obtained from comparative MLAs and the other classification methods show that the best MLA with related features is Random Forest with 96.97% while LightGBM, k-Nearest Neighbors, and XGBoost 96.85%, 96.73%, and 92.82% accuracy, respectively. Because the selected features, optimized parameters, and the related MLA were obtained by investigating for features provided from the PQDs in the whole parameter space, this approach brings the advantages of high accuracy, low D&C complexity, and computing load. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Power quality

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Revisiting the thermal ageing on the metallised polypropylene film capacitor:from device to dielectric film

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High Voltage 2023年第2期8卷 305-314页

作者： Yushuang He Feipeng Wang Guoqiang Du Lei Pan Kaizheng Wang Reimund Gerhard Ronald Plath Pawel Rozga Pavel Trnka State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina Faculty of Electrical Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina Soft Transducer Materials and Systems Universität PotsdamPotsdamGermany Faculty IV Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany Institute of Electrical Power Engineering Lodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of West BohemiaPilsenCzech Republic

Metallised polypropylene film capacitors(MPPFCs)are widely used in power electronics and are generally degraded by elevated *** work aims to determine the relationships between the structural changes of MPPFC and the microstructural variations of the PP film during the thermal ageing of MPPFC at 100℃ for 38 *** capacitance of MPPFC has a slight decrease during thermal ***,the breakdown voltage of the MPPFC decreases by 39.4%by the *** partial discharge(PD)number of MPPFC increases linearly with ageing *** tear-down analysis of the MPPFC reveals that the molecular structure of the PP film has not been altered but has led to molecular chain scission and the generation of some polar fragments/***,the relative permittivity of the PP films rises as the ageing time ***,thermal ageing causes the conversion of aluminum to alumina in the metallised electrode,which is hydrophilic for polar groups and leads to an adhesion effect between the metallised electrodes and the PP *** angle measurements prove that the surface hydrophilicity of the PP sample increased after thermal ***,the PD/breakdown voltage in the MPPFC increases/decreases due to the uneven adhesion of the metallised PP film.

关键词： film thermal ageing

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Performance *** Comparative Analysis of Multimodal Bilinear Pooling Fusion Approaches for Deep Learning-Based Visual Arabic-Question Answering Systems

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2025年第4期143卷 373-411页

作者： Sarah M.Kamel Mai A.Fadel Lamiaa Elrefaei Shimaa I.Hassan Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairo11629Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyBadr University in Cairo(BUC)Cairo11829Egypt Communication Systems Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringBenha National UniversityObour11846QalyubiaEgypt

Visual question answering(VQA)is a multimodal task,involving a deep understanding of the image scene and the question’s meaning and capturing the relevant correlations between both modalities to infer the appropriate *** this paper,we propose a VQA system intended to answer yes/no questions about real-world images,in *** support a robust VQA system,we work in two directions:(1)Using deep neural networks to semantically represent the given image and question in a fine-grainedmanner,namely ResNet-152 and Gated Recurrent Units(GRU).(2)Studying the role of the utilizedmultimodal bilinear pooling fusion technique in the *** the model complexity and the overall model *** fusion techniques could significantly increase the model complexity,which seriously limits their applicability for VQA *** far,there is no evidence of how efficient these multimodal bilinear pooling fusion techniques are for VQA systems dedicated to yes/no ***,a comparative analysis is conducted between eight bilinear pooling fusion techniques,in terms of their ability to reduce themodel complexity and improve themodel performance in this case of VQA *** indicate that these multimodal bilinear pooling fusion techniques have improved the VQA model’s performance,until reaching the best performance of 89.25%.Further,experiments have proven that the number of answers in the developed VQA system is a critical factor that *** the effectiveness of these multimodal bilinear pooling techniques in achieving their main objective of reducing the model *** Multimodal Local Perception Bilinear Pooling(MLPB)technique has shown the best balance between the model complexity and its performance,for VQA systems designed to answer yes/no questions.

关键词： Arabic-VQA deep learning-based VQA deep multimodal information fusion multimodal representation learning VQA of yes/no questions VQA model complexity VQA model performance performance-complexity trade-off

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Twitching Control for Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Actuators

Twitching Control for Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Actuators

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2023

作者： Bogdan, Piotr A. Smith, Oliver Klein, Frederico B. Gianni, Mario University of Plymouth School of Engineering Computing and Mathematics Faculty of Science and Engineering United Kingdom University of Liverpool School of Electrical Engineering Electronics and Computer Science United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325706

In this work we present the design and development of a twitching control system for pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) actuators. In this system, a shape memory alloy (SMA) poppet valve is used to control the flow of air pressurizing the inner bladder of a McKibben-based PAM. The valve is driven by pulse width modulation with changing frequency, allowing the PAM to resemble the mammalian muscles twitching. An adjustable passive exhaust orifice is used in place of an exhaust air valve to release the air pressure from the bladder mimicking natural muscle relaxation behaviour. Experiments under isometric and isotonic contractions show that the proposed control system reduces hysteresis of about 72% compared to continuous activation against 15% loss in contraction force with respect to conventional exhaust air valves. © 2023 IEEE.

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Helically symmetric equilibria for some ideal and resistive MHD plasmas with incompressible flows

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Applied mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2023年第2期38卷 192-209页

作者： S.M.Moawad O.H.El-Kalaawy H.M.Shaker Mathematics and Computer Science Department Faculty of ScienceBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-SuefEgypt Future High Institute of Engineering in Fyoum Ministry of High EducationFyoumEgypt

In this paper, the problem of finding exact solutions to the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) equations in the presence of incompressible mass flows with helical symmetry is considered. For ideal flows, a similarity reduction method is used to obtain exact solutions for several MHD flows with nonlinear variable Mach number. For resistive flows parallel to a magnetic field, the governing equilibrium equation is derived. The MHD equilibrium state of a helically symmetric incompressible flow is governed by a second-order elliptic partial differential equation(PDE) for the helical magnetic flux function. Exact solutions for the latter equation are obtained. Also, the equilibrium equations of a gravitating plasma with incompressible flow are derived.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamics helical symmetry resistivity incompressible ows exact equilibria

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Classification of Ornament or Pepatran in Balinese Traditional Architecture Pattern Using Learning Vector Quantization Algorithm 24

Classification of Ornament or Pepatran in Balinese Tradition...

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10th International Conference on Computing and Artificial Intelligence, ICCAI 2024

作者： Kadyanan, I Gusti Agung Gede Arya Gunantara, Nyoman Manuaba, Ida Bagus Gede Saputra, Komang Oka Mahmudy, Wayan Firdaus Department of Doctoral Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering University of Udayana Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Udayana Indonesia Department of Informatics Engineering Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Brawijaya University Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717055

Bali is very famous for traditional architectur. Not everyone is able to identify the various Balinese ornament patterns or Balinese pepatran just based on their visual attributes. This is because the patterns have high similarities even though they have different classes. To solve this problem, a machine learning model was developed using the LVQ method. In this model, preprocessing is carried out involving scaling, grayscale conversion and sobel edge detection to obtain strong features and enable the model to obtain high accuracy. A total of 210 pepatran images, which 168 pepatran images or 80% of the images used as training data and 42 or 20% of the pepatran images used as testing data. Twelve classes representing each used pepatran comprise the data in this research. The model has been shown to be effective in identifying Balinese pepatran patterns. Performance testing and Accuracy Testing were two testing techniques used to evaluate the successfully constructed system. An accuracy of 92.86% is obtained with 40 Balinese pepatran that can be correctly recognized based on accuracy testing using the influence of changes in learning rate, maximum epoh, and epsilon so that the best learning rate parameters are 0.06, epoh 20, and epsilon 0.0001 from 42 testing data used. The outcomes demonstrated that the system was able to identify and categorize traditional Balinese pepatran, with the image being classed and recognized depending on the outcome of Sobel feature extraction. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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PMU-Based Backup Protection in the Presence of Inverter-Based Resources

PMU-Based Backup Protection in the Presence of Inverter-Base...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Energy Technologies for Future Grids, ETFG 2023

作者： Jegarluei, Mohammad Rezaei Salehi Dobakhshari, Ahmad Popov, Marjan Terzija, Vladimir Azizi, Sadegh University of Leeds School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering United Kingdom University of Guilan Faculty of Engineering Iran Delft University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Netherlands Shandong University School of Electrical Engineering China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665471640

Increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) undermines the performance of conventional protection systems since IBRs' fault characteristics are fundamentally different from those of synchronous generators. In this paper, a PMU-based backup protection method is proposed for power transmission systems with high penetrations of IBRs. The method involves replacing all IBRs and the line suspected to be faulty by proper nodal current sources. For accurately detecting the faulted line from the set of candidates, a residual-based index is proposed, utilizing the concept of superimposed circuits and the weighted least-squares method. The method's robustness in the face of influential factors, including input errors, settings, numbers, and locations of IBRs is investigated through extensive simulations on the IEEE 39-bus test system. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Inverter-based resource (IBR) superimposed circuits synchrophasor wide-area backup protection

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