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Risk Assessment Based Time-adjusted Optimization for Safe and Fast Flight of Quadrotor UAVs

IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Zhu, Hai Li, Baoquan Yin, Haolin Zhang, Xuebo Tiangong University School of Control Science and Engineering The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control of Electrical Equipment Tianjin300387 China Nankai University Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics Tianjin300071 China

Generating an executable reference trajectory in realtime is a core of autonomous navigation for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In the paper, a timeadjusted optimization method is proposed for UAV motion planning to achieve safe and fast flight. Firstly, based on parameterization for uniform B-spline trajectories, relationship of knot spans and UAV speeds is analyzed, and an iterative velocity restrict algorithm is introduced to tackle nonexecutable flight. Subsequently, combining start and target points in local planning, an evaluation criterion function is designed with control points of the above trajectory and directions of collision avoidance. On this basis, risk assessment is conducted according to surrounding environments, where four phases of passing obstacles is constructed by considering risk level variation. Then, the weight function in each phase is determined by relationship of obstacle and planned local trajectory. Moreover, time intervals of B-spline trajectories are adjusted to obtain nonuniform trajectories, so as to affect UAV speeds. Simulation and experiment are conducted with comparison to verify performance of the proposed method. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Cross-Subject Depression Level Classification Using EEG Signals with a Sample Confidence Method

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Zhong-Yi Xu, Chen-Yang Zhao, Li-Xuan Hou, Hui-Rang Meng, Qing-Hao Tianjin Key Laboratory of Process Measurement and Control Institute of Robotics and Autonomous Systems School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive tool for real-time neural monitoring, widely used in depression detection via deep learning. However, existing models primarily focus on binary classification (depression/normal), lacking granularity for severity assessment. To address this, we proposed the DepL-GCN, i.e., Depression Level classification based on GCN model. This model tackles two key challenges: (1) subjectivity in depression-level labeling due to patient self-report biases, and (2) class imbalance across severity categories. Inspired by the model learning patterns, we introduced two novel modules: the sample confidence module and the minority sample penalty module. The former leverages the L2-norm of prediction errors to progressively filter EEG samples with weak label alignment during training, thereby reducing the impact of subjectivity;the latter automatically upweights misclassified minority-class samples to address imbalance issues. After testing on two public EEG datasets, DepL-GCN achieved accuracies of 81.13% and 81.36% for multi-class severity recognition, outperforming baseline models. Ablation studies confirmed both modules’ contributions. We further discussed the strengths and limitations of regression-based models for depression-level recognition. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Weld Defect Recognition and Detection from Video Using Deep Learning Methods

Weld Defect Recognition and Detection from Video Using Deep ...

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Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I)

作者： Slavomir Kajan Marek Trebul’a František Duchoň Zuzana Kovaríková Michal Kováč Jarmila Pavlovičová Institute of Robotics and Cybernetics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia VUEZ a.s. Levice Slovakia

ISBN: (数字)9798331541811

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541828

This paper deals with the design of method for recognizing and detecting a weld defect from video captured by robot using deep learning methods. Quality control of welds is currently handled by robotic quality control methods. One task of the robotic system is to detect a weld defect from the captured video. Our approach to weld defect recognition and detection uses convolutional neural network (CNN) and YOLO detector. We use CNN to search for areas with the potential occurrence of weld defects. The YOLO detector is used for accurate detection of weld defects. For these purposes, a dataset of weld images was created using the robot, in which the quality inspector marked defects in the welds. The Grad-CAM method was used in the paper to visualize CNN decision-making and the accuracy of the detection process was calculated.

关键词： YOLO Deep learning Visualization Accuracy Welding Data visualization Detectors Quality control Convolutional neural networks Robots

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Model Predictive Torque control of Six-Phase Switched Reluctance Motors Based on Improved Voltage Vector Strategy

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年第3期11卷 7650-7661页

作者： Yang, Yifei Sun, Xiaodong Dianov, Anton Demidova, Galina Prakht, Vladimir Wang, Yong Han, Shouyi Suzhou Vocational University School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Suzhou215104 China Jiangsu University Automotive Engineering Research Institute Zhenjiang212013 China Wenzhou University Pingyang Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Wenzhou325035 China ITMO University Faculty of Control Systems and Robotics Petersburg197101 Russia Ural Federal University Department of Electrical Engineering Ekaterinburg620062 Russia Jiangsu University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhenjiang212013 China

To rapidly and accurately establish the model of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) and enhance torque control performance, this paper proposes a model predictive torque control (MPTC) strategy based on the optimized voltage vector. First, a fourth-order Fourier series is used to calculate the flux and torque models, and a complete nonlinear model of the SRM is constructed using the Kriging model. Second, the torque characteristics are used to divide the sectors, thereby reducing the number of candidate voltage vectors (CVVs) and effectively decreasing the computational burden of predictive control. Finally, an adaptive adjustment algorithm for the sector boundary angle is proposed, where the position of the sectors is determined based on variations in speed and load. The proposed method reduces torque ripple and enhances dynamic response capability. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through experiments on a 12/10 pole six-phase SRM prototype. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Vectors

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Compensation control of PMSMs Based on a High-order Sliding Mode Observer with Inertia Identification

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IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 2025年

作者： Li, Ke Ding, Jie Sun, Xiaodong Lei, Gang Dianov, Anton Demidova, Galina Prakht, Vladimir Jiangsu University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhenjiang212013 China Jiangsu University Automotive Engineering Research Institute Zhenjiang212013 China University of Technology Sydney School of Electrical and Data Engineering NSW2007 Australia Wenzhou University Pingyang Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Wenzhou325035 China ITMO University Faculty of Control Systems and Robotics Petersburg197101 Russia Ural Federal University Department of Electrical Engineering Ekaterinburg620062 Russia

This article proposes a new sliding mode control (NSMC) reaching law to improve the speed tracking and anti-interference performance of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The NSMC improves the sliding mode control (SMC) in approaching speed and reducing chattering. Firstly, considering that the external load interference will adversely affect the control system, a high-order sliding mode observer (HOSMO) is designed to observe the load torque, and the observed value is compensated to the output of the speed controller. Then, combined with the Landau algorithm, a variable adaptive gain algorithm is introduced to decrease the impact of inertia mismatch on the system control performance. The algorithm identifies the rotational inertia online, reduces the effect of load disturbance on the identification performance, and updates the identification results to the observation in processors and controllers. Experimental results show that the proposed control method reduces the speed and current fluctuations of the system when load torque and inertia vary and improves the system's robustness. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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Distributed Prescribed-Time Observer for Nonlinear Systems in Block-Triangular Form

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IEEE control Systems Letters 2025年 9卷 222-227页

作者： Vincent de Heij M. Umar B. Niazi Karl H. Johansson Saeed Ahmed Jan C. Willems Center for Systems and Control and the Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands Division of Decision and Control Systems Digital Futures KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

This letter proposes a design of a distributed prescribed-time observer for nonlinear systems representable in a block-triangular observable canonical form. Using a weighted average of neighbor estimates exchanged over a strongly connected digraph, each observer estimates the system state despite the limited observability of local sensor measurements. The proposed design guarantees that distributed state estimation errors converge to zero at a user-specified convergence time, irrespective of observers’ initial conditions. To achieve this prescribed-time convergence, distributed observers implement time-varying local output injection gains that monotonically increase and approach infinity at the prescribed time. The theoretical convergence is rigorously proven and validated through numerical simulations, where some implementation issues due to increasing gains have also been clarified.

关键词： Observers Convergence Nonlinear systems Symmetric matrices Observability Directed graphs control systems Vectors Linear systems Electronic mail

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Extinguishing Real Fires by Fully Autonomous Multirotor UAVs in the MBZIRC 2020 Competition

Field Robotics

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Field robotics 2025年 2卷 406-436页

作者： Viktor Walter Vojtěch Spurný Matěj Petrlík Tomáš Báča David Žaitlík Lyubomyr Demkiv Martin Saska Department of Cybernetics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague http://mrs.felk.cvut.cz Robotics Group of SoftServe Inc. and with the Institute of Computer Science and Information Technologies Lviv Polytechnic National University Ukraine

In this paper, we describe a system for combating real fires with sprayed liquid extinguishing agent using a team of multirotor UAVs. The system design relies on onboard sensors and operates without the need for human intervention throughout its complex mission, from its takeoff to landing. The core UAV platform can estimate its state, self-localize, navigate and locate and extinguishing fires. Thermal and RGB cameras are used, each with a specialized computer vision subsystem and are combined with planar LIDAR for 3D localization of fires on multistory building facades. The system conducts aerial firefighting with a software stack that addresses flight dynamics and sensor limitations and a liquid-spraying subsystem incorporating a rigidly-attached water nozzle. The approach presented in this paper was motivated by the Mohamed Bin Zayed International robotics Challenge (MBZIRC 2020) firefighting scenario, which focused on coordinated multi-UAV teams that can autonomously combat high-rise building fires. The MBZIRC series places particular emphasis on fast and reliable deployment of robots in realistic conditions. These contests promote development of real-world applications that are greatly needed by society, but which still exceed State-of-the-Art in the robotics community. To our knowledge, our system was the only MBZIRC 2020 contender to extinguish a facade fire successfully in autonomous mode without using an RTK-GNSS system. Our approach contributed to victory in the overall competition and we have now adapted it into an industrial prototype for a firefighting UAV. A video attachment to this paper is available at http://***/fr2020firechallenge-facadefires.

关键词： Robots Buildings Autonomous aerial vehicles Location awareness Robot kinematics Inspection Navigation Cameras Monitoring Sensor systems

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Event-Triggered Neural Asynchronous control of Nonhomogeneous Markov Jump Power Systems with Hybrid Cyberattacks and Unknown States

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IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2025年

作者： Luo, Wende Chen, Haiyang Zong, Guangdeng Zhao, Xudong Qufu Normal University School of Engineering Rizhao276826 China Tiangong University School of Control Science and Engineering Tianjin300387 China Nanjing Institute of Technology School of Automation Nanjing211167 China Dalian University of Technology Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Dalian116024 China

This paper studies the observer-based eventtriggered neural asynchronous control problem of nonhomogeneous Markov jump power systems (MJPSs) under hybrid cyberattacks. Both periodic denial-of-service attacks and deception attacks (DAs) are involved because of the openness of networks. An event-triggered mechanism is established to ease the network load. Besides, neural network (NN) approaches are adopted to suppress the adverse effects of DAs on nonhomogeneous MJPSs, and the hidden Markov model (HMM) is employed to capture the asynchronous phenomenon between the system mode and the controller mode. With NN approaches and HMM, an observer-based NN asynchronous controller is designed. By constructing the mode- and parameter-dependent Lyapunov function, sufficient criteria ensuring boundedness in probability for nonhomogeneous MJPSs are obtained. Then, a design algorithm is shown to simultaneously obtain the controller gains, observer gains, and event-triggering weight matrices based on the established conditions. Finally, the single-machine infinitebus power system and 3-machine 6-bus power system are applied to justify the validity of the proposed algorithm. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Lyapunov functions

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Model-Free Predictive control for Harmonic Suppression of PMSMs Based on Adaptive Resonant controller

引用

IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年

作者： Li, Teng Sun, Xiaodong Su, Zonghao Zha, Xuhao Dianov, Anton Prakht, Vladimir Demidova, Galina Ma, Jinlin Jiangsu University Automotive Engineering Research Institute Zhenjiang212013 China Wenzhou University Pingyang Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Wenzhou325035 China Ural Federal University Department of Electrical Engineering Ekaterinburg620062 Russia ITMO University Faculty of Control Systems and Robotics Petersburg197101 Russia Jiangsu University School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering Zhenjiang212013 China

To simultaneously suppress the periodic and aperiodic disturbances experienced by permanent magnet synchronous motors in model predictive control, a model-free predictive current control with adaptive resonance control based on an ultra-local model is proposed. Firstly, the ultra-local models of the speed loop and the current loop are established respectively, and the unmodeled and uncertain unknown part F in the ultra-local model is estimated by using a high-order fast terminal sliding mode observer, and its stability is analyzed. Then, an adaptive resonant controller (ARC) is designed to suppress the periodic disturbance caused by the dead zone effect. The ARC and the model-free control based on the ultra-local model are combined to compensate for their respective shortcomings, achieving the suppression of periodic and aperiodic disturbances in the system. Finally, by comparing with the traditional duty cycle model predictive control and the model-free model predictive control without ARC, the proposed scheme is proved to be robust to periodic and aperiodic disturbances. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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Doppler-SLAM: Doppler-Aided Radar-Inertial and LiDAR-Inertial Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Dong Haag, Hannes Herraez, Daniel Casado May, Stefan Stachniss, Cyrill Nüchter, Andreas Informatics XVII – Robotics Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Germany Faculty of Electrical Engineering Precision Engineering Information Technology Nuremberg Institute of Technology Georg Simon Ohm Germany CARIAD SE University of Bonn Germany Center for Robotics University of Bonn Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Germany

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a critical capability for autonomous systems. Traditional SLAM approaches, which often rely on visual or LiDAR sensors, face significant challenges in adverse conditions such as low light or featureless environments. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel Doppler-aided radar-inertial and LiDAR-inertial SLAM framework that leverages the complementary strengths of 4D radar, FMCW LiDAR, and inertial measurement units. Our system integrates Doppler velocity measurements and spatial data into a tightly-coupled front-end and graph optimization back-end to provide enhanced ego velocity estimation, accurate odometry, and robust mapping. We also introduce a Doppler-based scan-matching technique to improve front-end odometry in dynamic environments. In addition, our framework incorporates an innovative online extrinsic calibration mechanism, utilizing Doppler velocity and loop closure to dynamically maintain sensor alignment. Extensive evaluations on both public and proprietary datasets show that our system significantly outperforms state-of-the-art radar-SLAM and LiDAR-SLAM frameworks in terms of accuracy and robustness. To encourage further research, the code of our Doppler-SLAM and our dataset are available at: https://***/Wayne-DWA/Doppler-SLAM. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Mapping

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