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White paper on broadband connectivity in 6G

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Rajatheva, Nandana Atzeni, Italo Björnson, Emil Bourdoux, André Buzzi, Stefano Doré, Jean-Baptiste Erkucuk, Serhat Fuentes, Manuel Guan, Ke Hu, Yuzhou Huang, Xiaojing Hulkkonen, Jari Jornet, Josep Miquel Katz, Marcos Nilsson, Rickard Panayirci, Erdal Rabie, Khaled Rajapaksha, Nuwanthika Salehi, MohammadJavad Sarieddeen, Hadi Svensson, Tommy Tervo, Oskari Tölli, Antti Wu, Qingqing Xu, Wen Centre for Wireless Communications University of Oulu Finland Linköping University Sweden IMEC Belgium Department of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Cassino and Southern Latium Italy CEA-Leti France Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kadir Has University Turkey Institute of Telecommunications and Multimedia Applications Universitat Politecnica de Valencia Spain State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Broadband Mobile Communications China Algorithm Department ZTE Corporation China School of Electrical and Data Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Australia Nokia Bell Labs Finland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things Northeastern University United States Department of Computer Science Electrical and Space Engineering Luleå University of Technology Sweden Department of Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University United Kingdom Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Huawei Technologies Germany

This white paper explores the road to implementing broadband connectivity in future 6G wireless systems. Different categories of use cases are considered, from extreme capacity with peak data rates up to 1 Tbps, to raising the typical data rates by orders-of-magnitude, to support broadband connectivity at railway speeds up to 1000 km/h. To achieve these goals, not only the terrestrial networks will be evolved but they will also be integrated with satellite networks, all facilitating autonomous systems and various interconnected structures. We believe that several categories of enablers at the infrastructure, spectrum, and protocol/algorithmic levels are required to realize the intended broadband connectivity goals in 6G. At the infrastructure level, we consider ultra-massive MIMO technology (possibly implemented using holographic radio), intelligent reflecting surfaces, user-centric and scalable cell-free networking, integrated access and backhaul, and integrated space and terrestrial networks. At the spectrum level, the network must seamlessly utilize sub-6 GHz bands for coverage and spatial multiplexing of many devices, while higher bands will be used for pushing the peak rates of point-to-point links. The latter path will lead to THz communications complemented by visible light communications in specific scenarios. At the protocol/algorithmic level, the enablers include improved coding, modulation, and waveforms to achieve lower latencies, higher reliability, and reduced complexity. Different options will be needed to optimally support different use cases. The resource efficiency can be further improved by using various combinations of full-duplex radios, interference management based on rate-splitting, machine-learning-based optimization, coded caching, and broadcasting. Finally, the three levels of enablers must be utilized not only to deliver better broadband services in urban areas, but also to provide full-coverage broadband connectivity must be one of the k

关键词： Visible light communication

Dark photon constraints from a 7.139 GHz cavity haloscope experiment

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arXiv 2024年

作者： He, Dong Fan, Jie Gao, Xin Gao, Yu Houston, Nick Ji, Zhongqing Jin, Yirong Li, Chuang Li, Jinmian Li, Tianjun Liu, Shi-Hang Niu, Jia-Shu Peng, Zhihui Sun, Liang Sun, Zheng Wang, Jia Wei, Puxian Wu, Lina Xiang, Zhongchen Yang, Qiaoli Zhang, Chi Zhang, Wenxing Zhang, Xin Zheng, Dongning Zheng, Ruifeng Zhou, Jian-Yong Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province Department of Physics Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications Hunan Normal University Changsha410081 China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Institute of Theoretical Physics Faculty of Science Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing100193 China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Wuyi University Nanping354300 China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A Yuquan Road Beijing100049 China Institute of Theoretical Physics Shanxi University Taiyuan030006 China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Department of Physics Jinan University Guangzhou510632 China School of Sciences Xi’an Technological University Xi’an710021 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai200240 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences 20A Datun Road Chaoyang District Beijing100101 China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

The dark photon is a promising candidate for the dark matter which comprises most of the matter in our visible Universe. Via kinetic mixing with the Standard Model it can also be resonantly converted to photons in an electromagnetic cavity, offering novel experimental possibilities for the discovery and study of dark matter. We report the results of a pathfinder dark photon dark matter cavity search experiment performed at Hunan Normal University and the institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, representing the first stage of the APEX (Axion and dark Photon EXperiment) program. Finding no statistically significant excess, we place an upper limit on the kinetic mixing parameter |χ| −13 around mA 29.5 µeV at 90% confidence level. This result exceeds other constraints on dark photon dark matter in this frequency range by roughly an order of magnitude. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photons

Calibration of the Cryogenic Measurement System of a Resonant Haloscope Cavity

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arXiv 2024年

Possible light bosonic dark matter interactions with the Standard Model photon have been searched by microwave resonant cavities. In this paper, we demonstrate the cryogenic readout system calibration of a 7.138 GHz copper cavity with a loaded quality factor Ql = 104, operated at 22 mK temperature based on a dilution refrigerator. Our readout system consists of High Electron Mobility Transistors as cryogenic amplifiers at 4 K, plus room-temperature amplifiers and a spectrum analyzer for signal power detection. We test the system with a superconducting two-level system as a single-photon source in the microwave frequency regime and report an overall 95.6 dB system gain and -71.4 dB attenuation in the cavity’s input channel. The effective noise temperature of the measurement system is 7.5 K. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Spectrum analyzers

Benchmark problems for transcranial ultrasound simulation: Intercomparison of compressional wave models

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Aubry, Jean-Francois Bates, Oscar Boehm, Christian Pauly, Kim Butts Christensen, Douglas Cueto, Carlos Gélat, Pierre Guasch, Lluis Jaros, Jiri Jing, Yun Jones, Rebecca Li, Ningrui Marty, Patrick Montanaro, Hazael Neufeld, Esra Pichardo, Samuel Pinton, Gianmarco Pulkkinen, Aki Stanziola, Antonio Thielscher, Axel Treeby, Bradley Van't Wout, Elwin Physics for Medicine Paris INSERM U1273 ESPCI Paris PSL University CNRS UMR 8063 France Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London Exhibition Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Institute of Geophysics ETH Zürich Sonneggstrasse 5 Zürich8092 Switzerland Department of Radiology Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah United States Department of Surgical Biotechnology Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College London LondonNW3 2PF United Kingdom Earth Science and Engineering Department Imperial College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence IT4Innovations Faculty of Information Technology Brno University of Technology Bozetechova 2 Brno612 00 Czech Republic Graduate Program in Acoustics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA16802 United States Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill North Carolina State University NC United States Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States Zurich Switzerland Laboratory for Acoustics / Noise control Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Dubendorf Switzerland Zurich Switzerland Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences Departments Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Canada Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio70211 Finland Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Technical University of Denmark Denmark Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Denmark Institute for Mathematical and Computational Engineering School of Engineering and Faculty of Mathematics Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile

Computational models of acoustic wave propagation are frequently used in transcranial ultrasound therapy, for example, to calculate the intracranial pressure field or to calculate phase delays to correct for skull distortions. To allow intercomparison between the different modeling tools and techniques used by the community, an international working group was convened to formulate a set of numerical benchmarks. Here, these benchmarks are presented, along with intercomparison results. Nine different benchmarks of increasing geometric complexity are defined. These include a single-layer planar bone immersed in water, a multi-layer bone, and a whole skull. Two transducer configurations are considered (a focused bowl and a plane piston), giving a total of 18 permutations of the benchmarks. Eleven different modeling tools are used to compute the benchmark results. The models span a wide range of numerical techniques, including the finite-difference time-domain method, angular-spectrum method, pseudospectral method, boundary-element method, and spectral-element method. Good agreement is found between the models, particularly for the position, size, and magnitude of the acoustic focus within the skull. When comparing results for each model with every other model in a cross comparison, the median values for each benchmark for the difference in focal pressure and position are less than 10% and 1 mm, respectively. The benchmark definitions, model results, and intercomparison codes are freely available to facilitate further comparisons. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bone

An improved weight control system for slender cigarette production

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An improved weight control system for slender cigarette prod...

International Conference on Smart City and Intelligent Building, ICSCIB 2018

作者： Han, Zhonghua Yang, Xu Bi, Kaiyuan Dong, Xiaoting Sun, Xixian Faculty of Information and Control Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu University Shenyang China Department of Digital Factory Shenyang Institute of Automation CAS Shenyang China Intelligent Detection and Equipment Department Shenyang Institute of Automation CAS Shenyang China Department of Electric Engineering Sichuan College of Architectural Technology Deyang China Shenyang Jingdaxi Machine and Electrical Equipment Co. Ltd Shenyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811367328

In this paper, a weight control system is developed based on Beckhoff PLC for a ZJ19 cigarette machine, which improved the performance of the existing system, and the control system is also introduced. The system uses the microwave to measure cigarette weight, and uses the digital PID control algorithm to achieve weight control. The system hardware structure is simple, the performance of the system is stable and reliable with quick response set aside the upgrade space. The original machine control system was completely replaced with the designed system to meet the requirements of slender cigarette production precision and the production efficiency and product quality were ensured. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.

关键词： Quality control

Early Detection of Incipient Faults in Nonlinear Systems Based on State-Set Observation

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Early Detection of Incipient Faults in Nonlinear Systems Bas...

control Technology and Applications (CCTA),

作者： Sönke Meynen Sören Hohmann Dirk Feßler Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe Germany Institute of Control Systems Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

This paper deals with the early detection of incipient faults in nonlinear continuous systems. The model-based diagnosis algorithm is based on a state-set observation. A state-set observer is a set-theoretic approach for systems with unknown but bounded uncertainties in the input and output measurements. The calculated predicted state-sets from the state-set observer are used to check the consistency with the current measurement sets. In this paper, we present an incipient fault detection algorithm based on an extended consistency test. The new consistency test calculates a trust factor with the measurement and predicted state-sets. A small value of the trust factor indicates a small match between the measurement sets and the predicted state-sets. The time behavior of the trust factor is used to detect incipient faults early on in a technical system. An early detection and warning of incipient faults is valuable for safer process operations and preventive protection of process equipment. Finally, the proposed incipient fault detection method is demonstrated using measured data of fault-free and faulty operation of a nonlinear water tank system.

关键词： Observers Current measurement Fault detection Mathematical model Prediction algorithms Standards Uncertainty

Conceptual Foundations of the Use of Formal Models and Methods for the Rapid Creation of Web Applications

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Conceptual Foundations of the Use of Formal Models and Metho...

IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems

作者： Sergii Telenyk Grzegorz Nowakowski Eduard Zharikov Jewhenii Vovk Department of Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cracow University of Technology Department of Automatic Control and Information Technology Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cracow University of Technology Department of Automation and Control in Technical Systems National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"

ISBN: (纸本)9781728140704

The problem of the rapid creation of effective web applications of one class using formal means is considered. A conceptual approach to its solution is offered based on an analysis of the peculiarities of the construction of web applications. Our approach is based on defining the standard web application architecture and selecting its components using formal methods in accordance with user requirements. A formal logical system is proposed that uses the design of web applications as a process of outputting a formula specified according to the needs of the user, which defines the schemes of execution of the modules of the system. An important feature of this approach is the ability to visualise the process of designing the system in 3D, which creates the conditions for effective interaction between developers and machine development tools.

关键词： Web-applications Application construction Business processes Mathematical logic web applications Mathematical logic conceptual User needs Developers

Deep Learning with Attention Mechanism for Predicting Driver Intention at Intersection

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Girma, Abenezer Amsalu, Seifemichael Workineh, Abrham Khan, Mubbashar Homaifar, Abdollah Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Autonomous Control of Information Technology Institute North Carolina A&T State University GreensboroNC27411 United States Prototype Engineer at Intel Corporation PortlandOR United States Senior Data Scientist at USAA San AntonioTX United States

In this paper, a driver’s intention prediction near a road intersection is proposed. Our approach uses a deep bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with an attention mechanism model based on a hybrid-state system (HSS) framework. As intersection is considered to be as one of the major source of road accidents, predicting a driver’s intention at an intersection is very crucial. Our method uses a sequence to sequence modeling with an attention mechanism to effectively exploit temporal information out of the time-series vehicular data including velocity and yaw-rate. The model then predicts ahead of time whether the target vehicle/driver will go straight, stop, or take right or left turn. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated on a naturalistic driving dataset and results show that our method achieves high accuracy as well as outperforms other methods. The proposed solution is promising to be applied in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and as part of active safety system of autonomous vehicles. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Long short-term memory

Deep Learning Techniques for Future Intelligent Cross-Media Retrieval

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arXiv 2020年

作者： ur Rehman, Sadaqat Waqas, Muhammad Tu, Shanshan Koubaa, Anis ur Rehman, Obaid Ahmad, Jawad Hanif, Muhammad Han, Zhu Department of Computer Science Namal Institute - an associated college of University of Bradford United Kingdom Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi23460 Pakistan Robotics and Internet-of-Things research lab Department of Computer Science Prince Sultan University R&D Gai-tech Robotics China CISTER/INESC TEC and ISEP-IPP Porto Portugal Department of EE Sarhad University of Science and IT Pakistan Department of Computer Science Edinburgh Napier University United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi23460 Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States

With the advancement in technology and the expansion of broadcasting, cross-media retrieval has gained much attention. It plays a significant role in big data applications and consists in searching and finding data from different types of media. In this paper, we provide a novel taxonomy according to the challenges faced by multi-modal deep learning approaches in solving cross-media retrieval, namely: representation, alignment, and translation. These challenges are evaluated on deep learning (DL) based methods, which are categorized into four main groups: 1) unsupervised methods, 2) supervised methods, 3) pairwise based methods, and 4) rank based methods. Then, we present some well-known cross-media datasets used for retrieval, considering the importance of these datasets in the context in of deep learning based cross-media retrieval approaches. Moreover, we also present an extensive review of the state-of-the-art problems and its corresponding solutions for encouraging deep learning in cross-media retrieval. The fundamental objective of this work is to exploit Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for bridging the "media gap", and provide researchers and developers with a better understanding of the underlying problems and the potential solutions of deep learning assisted cross-media retrieval. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey to address cross-media retrieval under deep learning methods. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks