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Hybrid two-level protection system for preserving pre-trained DNN models ownership

Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第34期36卷 21415-21449页

作者： Fkirin, Alaa Moursi, Ahmed Samy Attiya, Gamal El-Sayed, Ayman Shouman, Marwa A. Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Fayoum University Fayoum Egypt Computer Science and Engineering Department Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia Governorate Menouf32952 Egypt

Recent advancements in deep neural networks (DNNs) have made them indispensable for numerous commercial applications. These include healthcare systems and self-driving cars. Training DNN models typically demands substantial time, vast datasets and high computational costs. However, these valuable models face significant risks. Attackers can steal and sell pre-trained DNN models for profit. Unauthorised sharing of these models poses a serious threat. Once sold, they can be easily copied and redistributed. Therefore, a well-built pre-trained DNN model is a valuable asset that requires protection. This paper introduces a robust hybrid two-level protection system for safeguarding the ownership of pre-trained DNN models. The first-level employs zero-bit watermarking. The second-level incorporates an adversarial attack as a watermark by using a perturbation technique to embed the watermark. The robustness of the proposed system is evaluated against seven types of attacks. These are Fast Gradient Method Attack, Auto Projected Gradient Descent Attack, Auto Conjugate Gradient Attack, Basic Iterative Method Attack, Momentum Iterative Method Attack, Square Attack and Auto Attack. The proposed two-level protection system withstands all seven attack types. It maintains accuracy and surpasses current state-of-the-art methods. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Optimization of Cooperative RelayingMolecular Communications for Nanomedical Applications

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1259-1275页

作者： Eman S.Attia Ashraf A.M.Khalaf Fathi E.Abd El-Samie Saied M.Abd El-atty Konstantinos A.Lizos Osama Alfarraj Heba M.El-Hoseny Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMinia61111Egypt Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Department of Informatics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo(UiO)OsloNorway Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Department of Computer science The Higher Future Institute for Specialized Technological StudiesEl ShoroukEgypt

Recently,nano-systems based on molecular communications via diffusion(MCvD)have been implemented in a variety of nanomedical applications,most notably in targeted drug delivery system(TDDS)***,because the MCvD is unreliable and there exists molecular noise and inter symbol interference(ISI),cooperative nano-relays can acquire the reliability for drug delivery to targeted diseased cells,especially if the separation distance between the nano transmitter and nano receiver is *** this work,we propose an approach for optimizing the performance of the nano system using cooperative molecular communications with a nano relay scheme,while accounting for blood flow effects in terms of drift *** fractions of the molecular drug that should be allocated to the nano transmitter and nano relay positioning are computed using a collaborative optimization problem solved by theModified Central Force Optimization(MCFO)*** the previous work,the probability of bit error is expressed in a closed-form *** is used as an objective function to determine the optimal velocity of the drug molecules and the detection threshold at the nano *** simulation results show that the probability of bit error can be dramatically reduced by optimizing the drift velocity,detection threshold,location of the nano-relay in the proposed nano system,and molecular drug budget.

关键词： Nanomedical system molecular communication cooperative relay optimization

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An Enhanced Hybrid Model Based on CNN and BiLSTM for Identifying Individuals via Handwriting Analysis

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1689-1710页

作者： Md.Abdur Rahim Fahmid Al Farid Abu Saleh Musa Miah Arpa Kar Puza Md.Nur Alam Md.Najmul Hossain Sarina Mansor Hezerul Abdul Karim Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pabna University of Science and TechnologyPabna6600Bangladesh Faculty of Engineering Multimedia UniversityCyberjaya63100Malaysia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bangladesh Army University of Science and TechnologySaidpur5311Bangladesh Department of Mathematics Pabna University of Science and TechnologyPabna6600Bangladesh Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication EngineeringPabnaUniversity of Science and TechnologyPabna6600Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering Pabna University of Science and TechnologyPabna6600Bangladesh

Handwriting is a unique and significant human feature that distinguishes them from one *** are many researchers have endeavored to develop writing recognition systems utilizing specific signatures or symbols for person identification through ***,such systems are susceptible to forgery,posing security *** response to these challenges,we propose an innovative hybrid technique for individual identification based on independent handwriting,eliminating the reliance on specific signatures or *** response to these challenges,we propose an innovative hybrid technique for individual identification based on independent handwriting,eliminating the reliance on specific signatures or *** innovative method is intricately designed,encompassing five distinct phases:data collection,preprocessing,feature extraction,significant feature selection,and *** key advancement lies in the creation of a novel dataset specifically tailored for Bengali handwriting(BHW),setting the foundation for our comprehensive ***-preprocessing,we embarked on an exhaustive feature extraction process,encompassing integration with kinematic,statistical,spatial,and composite *** meticulous amalgamation resulted in a robust set of 91 *** enhance the efficiency of our system,we employed an analysis of variance(ANOVA)F test and mutual information scores approach,meticulously selecting the most pertinent *** the identification phase,we harnessed the power of cutting-edge deep learning models,notably the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM).These models underwent rigorous training and testing to accurately discern individuals based on their handwriting ***,our methodology introduces a groundbreaking hybrid model that synergizes CNN and BiLSTM,capitalizing on fine motor features for enhanced individual ***,our experimental results unde

关键词： Bengali handwriting(BHW) person identification convolutional neural network(CNN) BiLSTM

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Comparison of K-Means, K-Means++, X-Means and Single Value Decomposition for Image Compression 27

Comparison of K-Means, K-Means++, X-Means and Single Value D...

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27th International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Communications and computers, CSCC 2023

作者： Zalik, Krista Rizman Zalik, Mitja University of Maribor Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Maribor Slovenia University of Maribor Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Maribor Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337594

Uncompressed digital images need huge storage space and large transmission bandwidth for the transmission over the network. Image compression reduces the image size and enables the efficient storage and transmission of image files. The main goal of image compression is the best image quality at the given compression rate. In this paper, the performance of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), K-means, K-means++, and X-means for image compression is discussed. K-means, K-means++, and X-means clustering reduce the number of colors of images. Singular Value Decomposition performs a low-rank approximation of the image matrix. Image compression parameters mean-square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). and compression ratio (CR) are evaluated for the considered compression methods. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Singular value decomposition

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False Data Injection Attack Detection and Localization Framework in Power Distribution Systems Using a Novel Ensemble of CNNs and Explainable Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年第3期61卷 4801-4811页

作者： Dehbozorgi, Mohammad Reza Rastegar, Mohammad Arani, Mohammadreza F. M. Shiraz University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shiraz Iran Toronto Metropolitan University Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science Toronto Canada

Cyber-physical power systems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, especially false data injection attacks (FDIAs). FDIAs against distribution system state estimation (DSSE), which alter state estimation (SE) by changing meter readings, have received researchers' attention in recent years. A common defense against FDIAs in the literature is the use of labeled data to train classifiers as FDIA detectors. However, this approach's performance can be limited by the highly imbalanced nature of FDIA datasets. The black box characteristics of the machine learning models can make them hard to trust and adopt in important applications. Hence, we propose an innovative explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)-enhanced ensemble-based detection and localization model that leverages convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and support vector machine (SVM). The ensemble model uses SVM to merge various spatiotemporal CNNs' outputs. Training these CNNs on under-sampled subsets of the majority class and using their ensemble addresses class imbalance. This paper leverages XAI to enhance the interpretability of the detection process and improve localization accuracy. The localization process uses the outputs of an XAI technique, gradient-weighted class activation mapping, to aid the majority-voting-based localization ensemble model. Our model can also detect FDIAs during the distribution feeder's topology changes. Extensive simulations on IEEE 13-bus and IEEE 123-bus feeders prove the proposed under-sampling-based detection approach as an alternative to prevalent over-sampling methods like generative adversarial networks (GANs), offering a novel solution to class imbalance challenges. The paper also provides a comprehensive analysis of the proposed spatiotemporal model's performance, demonstrating its superiority over temporal CNNs. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： DC distribution systems

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Is Technology the Answer to Universal Energy Access? 13

Is Technology the Answer to Universal Energy Access?

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13th Annual IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference, GHTC 2023

作者： Suryani, Amalia Appelman, Maarten Moonen, Niek Popovic, Jelena University of Twente Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321326

Despite the concerted efforts to provide electricity through the deployment of distributed renewable energy-based technologies, the sustainability of these infrastructures remains uncertain. One plausible explanation is the inadequate operation and maintenance strategy throughout the system's lifetime. This paper describes the progress of rural electrification to address electrification challenges in remote rural areas and the failures that occurred. Data on the operational status of several off-grid solar systems in various countries are presented. The most recent reports on the subject were reviewed and critical sustainability concerns surrounding the topic were assessed. The paper concludes with an argument that while technology is a main ingredient in achieving universal energy access, there are nontechnical aspects to consider to ensure the sustainability of the technology. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Sustainable development

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Improved Smoothed Analysis of 2-Opt for the Euclidean TSP 34

Improved Smoothed Analysis of 2-Opt for the Euclidean TSP

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34th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation, ISAAC 2023

作者： Manthey, Bodo van Rhijn, Jesse Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783959772891

The 2-opt heuristic is a simple local search heuristic for the Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP). Although it usually performs well in practice, its worst-case running time is poor. Attempts to reconcile this difference have used smoothed analysis, in which adversarial instances are perturbed probabilistically. We are interested in the classical model of smoothed analysis for the Euclidean TSP, in which the perturbations are Gaussian. This model was previously used by Manthey & Veenstra, who obtained smoothed complexity bounds polynomial in n, the dimension d, and the perturbation strength σ−1. However, their analysis only works for d ≥ 4. The only previous analysis for d ≤ 3 was performed by Englert, Röglin & Vöcking, who used a different perturbation model which can be translated to Gaussian perturbations. Their model yields bounds polynomial in n and σ−d, and super-exponential in d. As the fact that no direct analysis exists for Gaussian perturbations that yields polynomial bounds for all d is somewhat unsatisfactory, we perform this missing analysis. Along the way, we improve all existing smoothed complexity bounds for Euclidean 2-opt with Gaussian perturbations. © Bodo Manthey and Jesse van Rhijn;licensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0.

关键词： Polynomials

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Fluid Antenna-Assisted Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 8285-8290页

作者： Zhou, Liaoshi Yao, Junteng Wu, Tuo Jin, Ming Yuen, Chau Adachi, Fumiyuki Ningbo University faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo315211 China Nanyang Technological University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 639798 Singapore Sendai Japan

This paper examines a fluid antenna (FA)-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system. Unlike traditional SWIPT systems with fixed-position antennas (FPAs), our FA-assisted system enables dynamic reconfiguration of the radio propagation environment by adjusting the positions of FAs. This capability enhances both energy harvesting and communication performance. The system comprises a base station (BS) equipped with multiple FAs that transmit signals to an energy receiver (ER) and an information receiver (IR), both equipped with a single FA. Our objective is to maximize the communication rate between the BS and the IR while satisfying the harvested power requirement of the ER. This involves jointly optimizing the BS's transmit beamforming and the positions of all FAs. To address this complex convex optimization problem, we employ an alternating optimization (AO) approach, decomposing it into three sub-problems and solving them iteratively using first and second-order Taylor expansions. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed FA-assisted SWIPT system, demonstrating significant performance improvements over traditional FPA-based systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Digital Twin Enhanced Critical Infrastructure Life Cycle Security 9

Digital Twin Enhanced Critical Infrastructure Life Cycle Sec...

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9th IEEE Smart World Congress, SWC 2023

作者： Itapelto, Taru Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Faculty of Electrical Engineering Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798350319804

The cyber security of critical infrastructures (CIs) is crucial for society's functioning. Digitalization has connected previously isolated systems, creating complex networks with many interdependencies. Despite increased interest in security standards and legislation, testing and ensuring cyber security for these systems is still challenging due to their long life cycle (LC) and continuous availability requirements. Traditional security testing methods like pen-and-paper and penetration testing are insufficient, and the latter may compromise system availability. This paper presents a PhD project aiming to enhance CIs' life cycle security (LCS) using a digital twin (DT)-enhanced solution. We discuss the project's current status and future plans, as well as propose utilising DTs to improve testing and quality assurance, specifically for the defence-in-depth (DiD) strategy's implementation during the system's LC. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： critical infrastructure cyber security Defence-in-Depth Digital Twin life cycle security

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Modelling and simulation of energy management of power-split hybrid electric vehicles using the discrete EVent system specification

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International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing 2024年第1期18卷 33-61页

作者： Maatoug, Abdelfettah Kharoubi, Sahraoui Maaskri, Moustafa Belalem, Ghalem Mahmoudi, Said Faculty of Applied Sciences Science and Technology Department University of Tiaret Tiaret14000 Algeria Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Computer Science Department University of Tiaret Tiaret14000 Algeria Faculty of Applied Sciences Electrical Engineering Department University of Tiaret Tiaret14000 Algeria Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences Computer Science Department University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella Oran31000 Algeria Faculty of Engineering Computer Science Department University of Mons Mons7000 Belgium

This work provides a basis for studying energy management optimisation in power-split hybrid electric vehicles (PSHEVs) to reduce fuel consumption and increase powertrain efficiency by enforcing a strategy related to battery level and vehicle speed. Three modes were used to operate the vehicle to meet different situations related to available energy and desired speed. These are particularly abundance mode, ascetic mode and optimal mode. For this, a system was designed based on several sub-models written in the discrete EVent system (DEVS) specification. The vehicle's power train and control strategy models were created in the DEVSimPy environment, and a joint simulation was carried out from the composite sub models until the overall model is reached. Simulation results under several driving cycles showed that the proposed system improves the energy consumption of the vehicle in different operating modes of the engines and gives more opportunities to adopt electric motors in vehicle transmission. © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Energy management

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