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25th Working Notes of the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2024

作者： Zrnić, Leon University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Croatia

The COVID-19 pandemic sparked a new age of conspiracy theories in society. This has become an issue, especially since these theories are mixed in with reasonable arguments that criticize the measures taken by governments and their effects. A way to help differentiate these two narratives is using natural language processing (NLP) models such as Transformers. These working notes detail a few approaches to classifying conspiracy and critical narratives and the identification of the key narrative elements present in these texts. We employ these models on two datasets which encompass English and Spanish texts on Telegram talking about the COVID-19 pandemic. Our approaches include using pre-trained BERT and RoBERTa models on monolingual datasets, a multilingual approach in which we translate the Spanish texts into English and the use of a multilingual model on non-translated texts, and using a multi-task model architecture in the identification of narrative elements. Our results show that BERT pre-trained on COVID-19 tweets had similar results to RoBERTa in the binary classification task, while in the token classification task RoBERTa worked better. The monolingual English approach yielded better results than the multilingual one which was, however, better than the Spanish models. We conclude that transformer models can have good results in these classification tasks, making them an easy-to-deploy way to differentiate critical narratives from conspiracy theories. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Hosting Capacity in the Croatian Regulatory Environment

Hosting Capacity in the Croatian Regulatory Environment

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CIRED 2024 Vienna Workshop

作者： Antić, Tomislav Capuder, Tomislav University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242672

Installing distributed energy resources (DERs) in low voltage networks is limited by distribution grid codes, often defining a conservative connection power threshold, especially in the case of a single-phase connection or by the network's technical constraints. Calculating the maximum installed power in that way is called hosting capacity (HC). Traditional HC calculation presents an assessment of static connection limits, determined by the lowest or highest electricity demand, depending on whether export or import limits are calculated. In this paper, we calculate the available range of aggregated active power of DERs based on worst-case and base-case demand scenarios. The results suggest the potential grid code redefinition since the analysed network can accommodate additional DERs in the range of 300 and 500 kW, compared to the current grid code limits. When observing only the grid code limitations in the import limits analysis, the results show an unrealistically high integration of more than 750 kW DERs, which is even higher than the best-case scenario. In the worst-case scenario, no additional DERs can be installed due to the initial violation of the network's constraints. Dynamic export and import limits are in the theoretical range of values, showing the benefit of the concept. © The Institution of engineering & Technology 2024.

关键词： Distributed energy

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Comparative Analysis of Nanopore-based Unsupervised Learning Methods in Epitranscriptomics 47

Comparative Analysis of Nanopore-based Unsupervised Learning...

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47th ICT and Electronics Convention, MIPRO 2024

作者： Vujaklija, Ivan Bidin, Siniša Šikić, Mile University Of Zagreb Faculty Of Electrical Engineering And Computing Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382495

RNA modifications, collectively known as epitranscriptome, are present in all kingdoms of life. To date, more than 300 types of RNA modifications have been reported. Detecting a wide range of epitranscriptomic modifications simultaneously, remains an elusive goal for supervised learning methods, and unsupervised approaches are needed. Here, we compared two main types of unsupervised approaches based on the third generation nanopore sequencing: signal-based and basecaller-error-based. Their performance was evaluated on the newly developed benchmark test dataset, constructed from recently released data comprising 25S ribosomal subunit of S. cerevisiae. The advantage of the rRNA test dataset used in our study is that it consists of native molecules containing many different modification types. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Unsupervised learning

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Research Instrument for Analyzing User Interactions and Accessibility of Holographic Technology in Educational Games for Environmental Awareness 47

Research Instrument for Analyzing User Interactions and Acce...

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47th ICT and Electronics Convention, MIPRO 2024

作者： Kristić, Mihaela Dilberović, Ana Kešelj Car, Željka Žubrinić, Krunoslav University Of Dubrovnik Department Of Electrical Engineering And Computing Dubrovnik Croatia University Of Zagreb Faculty Of Electrical Engineering And Computing Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382495

This paper introduces the HoloZoo application as a research instrument within the Play2Green project, focusing on adapting the representation of three-dimensional objects and interactions with the aim of optimizing accessibility. The aim of the application is to enable students to interact with 3D objects of protected animals through holographic representations, quizzes and interactive learning. Using Universal Design, special emphasis was placed on accessibility and customizing the interface so that it is the same for all users. Holograms serve as powerful tools for visualizing both concrete objects and abstract concepts, benefiting students in particular. Importantly, they are also suitable for students with various disabilities. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Holograms

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Augmented Reality Interface Quality of Experience Assessment Using Video Game Simulation 32

Augmented Reality Interface Quality of Experience Assessment...

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32nd International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, SoftCOM 2024

作者： Misura, Katarina Suznjevic, Mirko University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Department of Telecommunications Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9789532901382

Augmented reality is a promising technology, even though it is constrained by hardware limitations. These limitations restrict researchers' abilities to effectively study AR interfaces. For this reason, many researchers turn to simulations, predominantly using virtual reality. In this position paper, we propose using video games as both inspiration and a medium for simulating AR interfaces. We also present our research methodology for assessing the Quality of Experience of information visualization in geo-located augmented reality through three use cases with video game simulations. © 2024 University of Split, FESB.

关键词： Virtual environments

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Teaching Robotics Concepts with Besiege: A Game- Based Approach for Developing Design and Problem-Solving Skills 47

Teaching Robotics Concepts with Besiege: A Game- Based Appro...

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47th ICT and Electronics Convention, MIPRO 2024

作者： Kunovic, I. Filipovic, I. Sovic Krzic, A. University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Zagreb Croatia University of Zagreb Faculty of Teacher Education Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382495

This study introduces an innovative game-based approach to robotics education, utilizing the physics-based construction game 'Besiege'. The research examines the effectiveness of integrating game-based learning for developing design and problem-solving skills in engineering and computing education.A comparative analysis was conducted between two student groups: one engaging with physical educational robots, and the other utilizing virtual robotics within the game environment. This methodological contrast aims to evaluate the impact on students' comprehension of robotics principles, their engagement, motivation, and creativity in problem-solving. The study applies a mixed-method approach for evaluation, incorporating pre-and post-intervention questionnaires to quantify changes in students' knowledge and performance metrics focused on design efficacy and programming proficiency. Key outcomes highlight the game-based approach's success in fostering innovative thinking, technical understanding, and practical problem-solving skills among students. The findings suggest that such immersive and interactive learning environments can significantly complement traditional pedagogical methods, potentially revolutionizing robotics education. This paper contributes to the evolving field of educational technology by demonstrating the practical application and benefits of game-based learning in technical education. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Students

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LLMs for Targeted Sentiment in News Headlines: Exploring the Descriptive–Prescriptive Dilemma 14

LLMs for Targeted Sentiment in News Headlines: Exploring the...

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14th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment, and Social Media Analysis, WASSA 2024

作者： Juroš, Jana Majer, Laura Šnajder, Jan University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing TakeLab Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761568

News headlines often evoke sentiment by intentionally portraying entities in particular ways, making targeted sentiment analysis (TSA) of headlines a worthwhile but difficult task. Due to its subjectivity, creating TSA datasets can involve various annotation paradigms, from descriptive to prescriptive, either encouraging or limiting subjectivity. LLMs are a good fit for TSA due to their broad linguistic and world knowledge and in-context learning abilities, yet their performance depends on prompt design. In this paper, we compare the accuracy of state-of-the-art LLMs and fine-tuned encoder models for TSA of news headlines using descriptive and prescriptive datasets across several languages. Exploring the descriptive–prescriptive continuum, we analyze how performance is affected by prompt prescriptiveness, ranging from plain zero-shot to elaborate few-shot prompts. Finally, we evaluate the ability of LLMs to quantify uncertainty via calibration error and comparison to human label variation. We find that LLMs outperform fine-tuned encoders on descriptive datasets, while calibration and F1-score generally improve with increased prescriptiveness, yet the optimal level varies. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Calibration

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Are ELECTRA's Sentence Embeddings Beyond Repair? The Case of Semantic Textual Similarity

Are ELECTRA's Sentence Embeddings Beyond Repair? The Case of...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Rep, Ivan Dukić, David Šnajder, Jan TakeLab Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

While BERT produces high-quality sentence embeddings, its pre-training computational cost is a significant *** contrast, ELECTRA provides a cost-effective pre-training objective and downstream task performance improvements, but worse sentence *** community tacitly stopped utilizing ELECTRA's sentence embeddings for semantic textual similarity (STS).We notice a significant drop in performance for the ELECTRA discriminator's last layer in comparison to prior *** explore this drop and propose a way to repair the embeddings using a novel truncated model fine-tuning (TMFT) *** improves the Spearman correlation coefficient by over 8 points while increasing parameter efficiency on the STS *** extend our analysis to various model sizes, languages, and two other ***, we discover the surprising efficacy of ELECTRA's generator model, which performs on par with BERT, using significantly fewer parameters and a substantially smaller embedding ***, we observe boosts by combining TMFT with word similarity or domain adaptive pretraining. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Semantics

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Enhancing Security of Intermediate Devices in the Connection Between IoT Devices and Cloud Service 47

Enhancing Security of Intermediate Devices in the Connection...

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47th ICT and Electronics Convention, MIPRO 2024

作者： Regvart, Damir Mikuc, Miljenko Zgrablić, Luka Morić, Zlatan Algebra University Zagreb Croatia University Of Zagreb Faculty Of Electrical Engineering And Computing Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382495

The wide spectrum of security challenges, spanning from physical tampering to transport layer vulnerabilities, necessitates a holistic and interdisciplinary strategy. By leveraging existing research while filling up the gaps, this paper seeks to make contributions to the creation of robust security mechanisms. These mechanisms are intended to fortify the IoT ecosystem and ensure the secure transmission of data to the Cloud environment with a specific focus on OSI layers incorporated within network intermediate devices. This paper aims to evaluate the current advancements and identify areas of research within security strategies, protocols, and optimal practices crafted to shield these intermediary components - the physical network devices. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Network layers

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Setting Standards for Personal Health Data in the Age of 5G and 6G Networks

Journal of ICT Standardization

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Journal of ICT Standardization 2024年第1期12卷 47-70页

作者： Koren, Ana Prasad, Ramjee University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Zagreb Croatia CTIF GLOBAL CAPSULE Department of Business Development and Technology Aarhus University Herning Denmark

Electronic health records (EHRs) play a vital role in simplifying thorough and effective patient treatment, promoting smooth exchange of information between medical professionals, and enhancing the process of making clinical decisions. With the increasing adoption of sensor-embedded smart wearables and home automation devices, new opportunities arise for innovative solutions in various sectors, such as eHealth. In the age of 5G and 6G, the potential of utilizing user-collected health data becomes vast, promising significant improvements in people’s health and well-being. Realizing continuous healthcare access takes a step closer to reality by equipping EHRs to effectively store and interpret data collected by these sensors. This would result in personalized medical services that adhere to standardized practices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of contemporary advancements in the realm of standardization methods aimed at managing personal health data. The study delves into an extensive analysis of state-of-the-art solutions that have emerged to address the intricate challenges associated with the harmonization and uniformity of personal health information. By systematically examining these cutting-edge approaches, the review elucidates the diverse strategies employed to establish a cohesive framework for organizing, storing, and exchanging personal health data. Furthermore, the review critically evaluates the effectiveness and limitations of each solution in terms of promoting interoperability, safeguarding data privacy, and facilitating seamless data sharing among healthcare stakeholders. Furthermore, this paper then presents an approach to standardize the data by establishing semantic constraints for healthcare data types and proposing a validation procedure to ensure compliance with relevant standards and regulations. © 2024 River Publishers.

关键词： eHealth

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