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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2023年第4期2卷 315-322页

作者： Clarence Augustine Th Tee Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis Mohd Anuar Md Ali Aminuddin Bin Ahmad Kayani W. P. Yeo Song Le Zheng Yelong College of Physics and Electrical Information Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua Zhejiang China Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Bangi Selangor Malaysia Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia School of Electrical and Computer Engineering RMIT University Melbourne VIC Australia State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments Tianjin University Tianjin China

Using a flexible bio micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) for the formation of bioparticle chaining has huge potential in various applications. One of the established methods is the use of electrical actuation for the forming of a bioparticle chain. The effect of direct contact (non-isolated) manipulation between an electrical source and a bioparticle affects the bioparticles. Essentially, the stability of the bioparticle chain with the introduction of the flow in the system is very important and crucial which warrants further studies for potential new applications. In this work, we have demonstrated the ability to form bioparticle chains either with direct contact (non-isolated) or non-contact (isolated) between bioparticles and electrodes as well as more importantly, the introduction of the flow into the system. We analyzed the feasibility of chaining, the chain length, and the direction under the effect of the electrode isolation as well as the microfluidic flow.

关键词： Electrodes Dielectrophoresis Microfluidics Electric fields Microchannels Isolators Flexible electronics

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Communication Efficient ConFederated Learning: An Event-Triggered SAGA Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Bin Fang, Jun Li, Hongbin Eldar, Yonina C. The National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology HobokenNJ07030 United States The Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot7610001 Israel

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that targets model training without gathering the local data dispersed over various data sources. Standard FL, which employs a single server, can only support a limited number of users, leading to degraded learning capability. In this work, we consider a multi-server FL framework, referred to as Confederated Learning (CFL), in order to accommodate a larger number of users. A CFL system is composed of multiple networked edge servers, with each server connected to an individual set of users. Decentralized collaboration among servers is leveraged to harness all users’ data for model training. Due to the potentially massive number of users involved, it is crucial to reduce the communication overhead of the CFL system. We propose a stochastic gradient method for distributed learning in the CFL framework. The proposed method incorporates a conditionally-triggered user selection (CTUS) mechanism as the central component to effectively reduce communication overhead. Relying on a delicately designed triggering condition, the CTUS mechanism allows each server to select only a small number of users to upload their gradients, without significantly jeopardizing the convergence performance of the algorithm. Our theoretical analysis reveals that the proposed algorithm enjoys a linear convergence rate. Simulation results show that it achieves substantial improvement over state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of communication efficiency. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Learning systems

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Low-Cost, High-Performance Algorithm and Hardware Architecture for SAO Mode Decision

Low-Cost, High-Performance Algorithm and Hardware Architectu...

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Signal, Information and Data Processing (ICSIDP), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Bingjing Hou Chang Liu Yuejun Zhang Leilei Huang Minge Jing Yibo Fan State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Fudan University Shanghai China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Ningbo China Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems East China Normal University Shanghai China

ISBN: (数字)9798331515669

ISBN: (纸本)9798331515676

Sample adaptive offset (SAO) is applied for reducing sample distortion and attenuating ringing artifacts in both HEVC and VVC standards. The rate-distortion optimization process is used to select the best SAO parameter. It accounts for the majority of SAO complexity and determines the SAO filtering performance. Therefore, the rate-distortion cost calculation should be well handled to achieve both low cost and high coding performance. In this paper, we propose a simplified and optimized rate estimation algorithm based on the characteristics of SAO parameter syntax and entropy coding process. And we propose a hierarchical flow for rate-distortion cost calculation to further reduce the computational cost and storage cost for SAO mode decision hardware. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an average YUV loss of -0.10%, and the proposed SAO mode decision hardware architecture can be implemented by only 21.8k gates using TSMC 65nm process under 400 MHz.

关键词： Video coding Costs Rate-distortion Estimation computer architecture Syntactics Logic gates Hardware Entropy coding Standards

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APL special topic: Time modulated metamaterials

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Applied Physics Letters 2023年第16期123卷 1-3页

作者： Sapienza, Riccardo Shcherbakov, Maxim Faccio, Daniele Cui, Tie Jun Caglayan, Humeyra Department of Physics Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California IrvineCA92697 United States School of Physics & Astronomy University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Photonics Tampere University Tampere33720 Finland

Metamaterials represent control over matter on a small enough scale to change the macroscopic properties, opening an enormous space of new and optimized mechani

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Unprecedented Smart Algorithm for Uninterrupted SDN Services During DDoS Attack

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 875-894页

作者： Muhammad Reazul Haque Saw Chin Tan Zulfadzli Yusoff Kashif Nisar Rizaludin Kaspin Iram Haider Sana Nisar J.P.C.Rodrigues Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry Muhammad AslamUqaili Satya Prasad Majumder Danda B.Rawat Richard Etengu Rajkumar Buyya Faculty of Computing&Informatics Multimedia UniversityPersiaranMultimediaCyberjaya63100SelangorMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Multimedia UniversityPersiaran MultimediaCyberjaya63100SelangorMalaysia Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia SabahJalan UMSKota Kinabalu Sabah88400Malaysia Telekom Malaysia Research&Development TM Innovation Centre63000CyberjayaSelangorMalaysia Federal University of Piauí(UFPI) TeresinaPIBrazil Instituto de Telecomunica珲es 6201-001Covilh?Portugal National Center of Robotics and Automation-Condition Monitoring Systems Lab MUETJamshoroPakistan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering BUETDhaka1205Bangladesh Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Data Science and Cybersecurity CenterHoward UniversityWashingtonDCUSA Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems(CLOUDS)Laboratory School of Computing and Information SystemsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3053Australia

In the design and planning of next-generation Internet of Things(IoT),telecommunication,and satellite communication systems,controller placement is crucial in software-defined networking(SDN).The programmability of the SDN controller is sophisticated for the centralized control system of the entire ***,it creates a significant loophole for the manifestation of a distributed denial of service(DDoS)attack ***,recently a Distributed Reflected Denial of Service(DRDoS)attack,an unusual DDoS attack,has been ***,minimal deliberation has given to this forthcoming single point of SDN infrastructure failure ***,recently the high frequencies of DDoS attacks have increased *** this paper,a smart algorithm for planning SDN smart backup controllers under DDoS attack scenarios has *** proposed smart algorithm can recommend single or multiple smart backup controllers in the event of DDoS *** obtained simulated results demonstrate that the validation of the proposed algorithm and the performance analysis achieved 99.99%accuracy in placing the smart backup controller under DDoS attacks within 0.125 to 46508.7 s in SDN.

关键词： SDN smart algorithm RTZLK-DAASCP DDoS attack DRDoS

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Impact of PON network range and laser power on GPON and XGSPON coexistence system

Impact of PON network range and laser power on GPON and XGSP...

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International Conference on Image and Signal Processing and their Applications (ISPA)

作者： Cheikh Kherici Malika Kandouci Amel Bechikh Aicha Benhamidi Computer Science Department Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Laboratory of Electromagnetism Photonics and Optronics L.E.P.O Sidi Bel Abbes Algeria Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret Tiaret Algeria Electronics Department Faculty of Electrical Engineering Laboratory of Electromagnetism Photonics and Optronics L.E.P.O Sidi Bel Abbes Algeria Djillali Liabes University of Sidi Bel Abbes Sidi Bel Abbes Algeria Computer Science Department Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret Tiaret Algeria

ISBN: (数字)9798350309249

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309256

This article discusses the effect of laser emission power and PON network range when GPON and XGSPON systems coexist. The analysis aims to understand how these two factors influence the overall performance and stability of the coexistence between the two optical network technologies. In order to also meet the increasing demand for data rates and new services such as videoconferencing and very high-quality television (4K, 6K, …etc). the coexistence system is preferred, allowing effective collaboration between GPON and XGSPON *** work deals with the performance evaluation of GPON and XGSPON systems, focusing on reconciliations and adjustments related to BER error rates and Q factor. The study explores different scenarios by adjusting the laser power from -12 dBm to 12 dBm and varying the array range from 10 km to 120 km. The main objective is to determine the best combination of laser power and network range to ensure optimal performance for coexistence systems.

关键词： Q-factor Performance evaluation TV Power lasers Bit error rate Optimization methods Video conferencing

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H∞optimal control design of static var compensator coupling hybrid active power filter based on harmonic state-space modeling

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CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 2021年第3期6卷 227-234页

作者： Gong, Cheng Sou, Wai-Kit Lam, Chi-Seng State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI University of Macau Macao 999078 China also with the Institute of Microelectronics University of Macau Macao 999078 China and also with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macao 999078 China

Compared with the conventional active power filter (APF), the static var compensator coupling hybrid active power filter (SVC-HAPF) has distinct characteristics of low DC-link operating voltage, which can lower the system and operational costs. It also has a wider operational range than the conventional hybrid active power filter (HAPF). In this paper, a harmonic state-space (HSS) modeling is firstly proposed to address the nonlinearity issue of the SVC-HAPF. The HSS based SVC-HAPF model is linear time-invariant (LTI), which enables the optimal control techniques. Then, the linear matrix inequality (LMI) based H∞ optimal control design is proposed, which finds the optimal controller parameters via convex optimization algorithm. The proposed controller for the SVC-HAPF achieves high steady-state accuracy, fast transient response, and fixed switching frequency simultaneously. Finally, simulation and experimental results are also provided to verify the effectiveness and performance of the optimal controller for the SVC-HAPF in comparison with the recent developed state-of-the-art multi-quasi-proportional-resonant (MQPR) controller, which shows superior control performances. © 2017 CPSS.

关键词： State space methods

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Addressing the regulatory gap: moving towards an EU AI audit ecosystem beyond the AI Act by including civil society

AI and Ethics

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AI and Ethics 2024年 1-22页

作者： Hartmann, David de Pereira, José Renato Laranjeira Streitbörger, Chiara Berendt, Bettina Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science TU Berlin Berlin Germany Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society Berlin Germany LAPIN - Laboratory of Public Policy and Internet Public Policy Division Brasília Brazil Bonn Sustainable AI Lab University of Bonn Bonn Germany Kammergericht Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Computer Science KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

The European legislature has proposed the Digital Services Act (DSA) and Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) to regulate platforms and Artificial Intelligence (AI) products. We review to what extent third-party audits are part of both laws and how is access to information on models and the data provided. By considering the value of third-party audits and third-party data access in an audit ecosystem, we identify a regulatory gap in that the AIA does not provide access to data for researchers and civil society. Our contributions to the literature include: (1) Defining an AI audit ecosystem incorporating compliance and oversight. (2) Highlighting a regulatory gap within the DSA and AIA regulatory framework, preventing the establishment of an AI audit ecosystem that has effective oversight by civil society and academia. (3) Emphasizing that third-party audits by research and civil society must be part of that ecosystem, we call for AIA amendments and delegated acts to include data and model access for certain AI products. Furthermore, we call for the DSA to provide NGOs and investigative journalists with data access to platforms by delegated acts and for adaptions and amendments of the AIA to provide third-party audits and data and model access, at least for high-risk systems. Regulations modeled after EU AI regulations should enable data access and third-party audits, fostering an AI audit ecosystem that promotes compliance and oversight mechanisms.

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Fake the Real: Backdoor Attack on Deep Speech Classification via Voice Conversion

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ye, Zhe Mao, Terui Dong, Li Yan, Diqun Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Ningbo China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology China Ningbo City College of Vocational Technology Ningbo China

Deep speech classification has achieved tremendous success and greatly promoted the emergence of many real-world applications. However, backdoor attacks present a new security threat to it, particularly with untrustworthy third-party platforms, as pre-defined triggers set by the attacker can activate the backdoor. Most of the triggers in existing speech backdoor attacks are sample-agnostic, and even if the triggers are designed to be unnoticeable, they can still be audible. This work explores a backdoor attack that utilizes sample-specific triggers based on voice conversion. Specifically, we adopt a pre-trained voice conversion model to generate the trigger, ensuring that the poisoned samples does not introduce any additional audible noise. Extensive experiments on two speech classification tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our attack. Furthermore, we analyzed the specific scenarios that activated the proposed backdoor and verified its resistance against fine-tuning. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Shannon capacity, Lovász theta number and the Mycielski construction1

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Csonka, Bence Simonyi, Gábor Department of Computer Science and Information Theory Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics MTA-BME Lendület Hungary Arithmetic Combinatorics Research Group MKH Budapest Hungary Artificial Intelligence National Laboratory of Hungary Hungary Budapest Hungary Department of Computer Science and Information Theory Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary

We investigate the effect of the well-known Mycielski construction on the Shannon capacity of graphs and on one of its most prominent upper bounds, the (complementary) Lovász theta number. We prove that if the Shannon capacity of a graph, the distinguishability graph of a noisy channel, is attained by some finite power, then its Mycielskian has strictly larger Shannon capacity than the graph itself. For the complementary Lovász theta function we show that its value on the Mycielskian of a graph is completely determined by its value on the original graph, a phenomenon similar to the one discovered for the fractional chromatic number by Larsen, Propp and Ullman. We also consider the possibility of generalizing our results on the Sperner capacity of directed graphs and on the generalized Mycielsky construction. Possible connections with what Zuiddam calls the asymptotic spectrum of graphs are discussed as *** Codes 05C76, 94A24, 05C15, 05C50 Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Directed graphs

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