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Frequency Reconfigurable Wearable Antenna Using Varactor Diode

Frequency Reconfigurable Wearable Antenna Using Varactor Dio...

2024 International Conference on Innovative Computing, Intelligent Communication and Smart Electrical Systems, ICSES 2024

作者： Thambiraja, Vijayandren Gunasekaran, Shanmuka Rooban Sabapathy, Thennarasan Jusoh, Muzammil Jais, Mohd Ilman Ehkan, Phaklen Centre of Excellence Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology Perlis Arau Malaysia Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology Perlis Arau Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543617

In this work, a frequency reconfigurable wearable antenna incorporating a varactor diode is proposed. The antenna is designed using a Felt substrate, chosen for its lightweight, flexible, and low-loss properties, making it particularly suitable for wearable applications. The conductive element is fabricated using Shieldit Super™, a highly conductive material that ensures efficient RF performance while maintaining the mechanical flexibility required for integration with wearable devices. The antenna design includes a complete DC biasing circuitry to control the varactor diode's operation. The biasing network is carefully integrated to minimize interference with the antenna's RF performance. The design and simulation were carried out using CST Microwave Studio, an electromagnetic simulation tool widely used for antenna analysis. The proposed design achieves frequency tuning in the range of 2.38 GHz to 2.55 GHz by applying a reverse bias voltage between 0 V and 8 V to the varactor diode. This continuous tuning capability is critical for wearable applications requiring adaptability to changing environments or multiple communication standards. Additionally, the antenna achieves a bandwidth of 380 MHz, spanning from 2.27 GHz to 2.65 GHz, which further enhances its versatility for broadband applications. The gain of the antenna remains stable across the tuning range, which is an essential parameter for wearable antennas to maintain consistent performance. The results indicate that the proposed design effectively combines frequency reconfigurability with stable gain and bandwidth performance. This makes it a strong candidate for wearable applications, particularly in environments where frequency flexibility and compact, lightweight designs are critical. Future work could focus on optimizing the biasing circuitry for lower power consumption and exploring the integration of this antenna with textile-based systems for enhanced usability. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Wearable antennas

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Data Analysis of Network Parameters for Secure Implementations of SDN-Based Firewall

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 1575-1598页

作者： Rizwan Iqbal Rashid Hussain Sheeraz Arif Nadia Mustaqim Ansari Tayyab Ahmed Shaikh Department of Telecommunication Engineering Dawood University of Engineering&TechnologyKarachiPakistan Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Technology Hamdard UniversityKarachiPakistan Faculty of Information Technology Salim Habib UniversityKarachiPakistan Department of Electronic Engineering Dawood University of Engineering&TechnologyKarachiPakistan

Software-Defined Networking(SDN)is a new network technology that uses programming to complement the data plane with a control *** enable safe connection,however,numerous security challenges must be *** attacks have been one of the most prominent risks on the internet for decades,and they are now becoming challenging difficulties in SDN *** solve these challenges,we proposed a unique firewall application built on multiple levels of packet filtering to provide a flooding attack prevention system and a layer-based packet detection *** study offers a systematic strategy for wrapping up the examination of SDN *** Mininet simulator examines the effectiveness of SDN-based firewalls at various network *** fundamental network characteristics that specify how SDN should *** three main analytical measures of the network are jitter,response time,and *** regular operations,their behavior evaluates in the standard SDN conditions of Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)flooding and User Datagram Protocol(UDP)flooding with no SDN *** Orbit Ion Cannon(LOIC)is applied to launch attacks on the transmission by the allocated *** and MATLAB are used for the behavioral study to determine how sensitive the parameters are used in the SDN network and monitor the fluctuations of those parameters for different simulated scenarios.

关键词： Software defined networking firewall POX controller open v switch Mininet OpenFlow

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Gain Enhancement of Dual-Band Patch Antenna using EBG Array

Gain Enhancement of Dual-Band Patch Antenna using EBG Array

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2024 International Conference on Innovative Computing, Intelligent Communication and Smart Electrical Systems, ICSES 2024

作者： Alsayaghi, Ali Sabapathy, Thennarasan Gunasekaran, Shanmuka Rooban Jusoh, Muzammil Osman, Mohamed Nasrun Ehkan, Phaklen Centre of Excellence Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology Perlis Arau Malaysia Faculty of Electronic Engineering &technology Perlis Arau Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543617

In this paper, the analysis on the dual-band antenna deployed withelectromagnetic band gap (EBG) is proposed. The proposed EBG based dual-band antenna aims to maintain the S11 results below - 10 dB. Two rectangular patches were design and fed with a single port. With proper matching network using quarter wave length matching and power divider, these antennas are fed with electromagnetic (EM) wave. The proposeddesign operates at 2.4 and 3.3 GHz frequencies. Above the dual band antenna, an EBG surface is placed as superstrate to achieve gain enhancement. The EBG superstrate forms a gain enhancement two frequency bands. The gain is increased from 5.995 dBi to 6.466 dBiat 2.5 GHz band while from 3.195 dBi to 3.431 dBiat 3.3 GHz band. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Microwave antennas

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Impact of integrating type-1 distributed generation on distribution network using modified genetic algorithm and voltage stability index: a technical and cost–benefit analysis approach

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Journal of engineering and Applied Science 2024年第1期71卷 1-50页

作者： Olabode, Olakunle Elijah Akinyele, Daniel Oluwaseun Ajewole, Titus Oluwasuji Omogoye, Samuel Okeolu Raji, Akeem Abimbola Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Nigeria Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering College of Engineering and Technology Lagos State University of Science and Technology Lagos Nigeria

The position of the distribution network and its peculiar topology calls for viable means of addressing the issue of severe power loss and voltage instability confronting its ability to truly wheel out the received energy from the transmission arm of the network to the end users. Based on this premise, the current work employed a Lévy flight genetic algorithm (LF-GA) for the placement of type-1 photovoltaic-based distributed generation (PV-DG) into a radial network. The IEEE 33 and Government Residential Area (GRA) 11 kV and 34-bus feeder in Nigeria were used to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The backward-forward sweep formed the backbone of the load flow, while the voltage stability index was used to select the suitable buses where type-1 DG was integrated for optimal performance. The criteria considered for performance evaluation were the cost of energy loss, payback time, active power loss, and network voltage profile improvement without violating the essential network constraints. The paper proposed a relevant policy framework on DG integration, which filled knowledge gap in the previous studies. A multi-objective factor-based LF-GA subjected to appropriate constraints was used to optimize both the sizing and the locations of type-1 DG with the arrangements implemented in a MATLAB environment. The results obtained when compared with the existing contributions in the literature showed a credible improvement in line-loss reduction, voltage profile, and the system voltage stability index, including reduced cost of energy loss with minimal payback time on the investment of compensating devices. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Traffic Control Based on Integrated Kalman Filtering and Adaptive Quantized Q-Learning Framework for Internet of Vehicles

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2103-2127页

作者： Othman S.Al-Heety Zahriladha Zakaria Ahmed Abu-Khadrah Mahamod Ismail Sarmad Nozad Mahmood Mohammed Mudhafar Shakir Hussein Alsariera Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka(UTeM)Durian TunggalMalaysia College of Computing&Informatics Saudi Electronic UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Electrical Electronic and System EngineeringUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaUKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Computer Technology Engineering College of Engineering TechnologyAl-Kitab UniversityKirkukIraq Faculty of Engineering and Electronic Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM)Batu PahatMalaysia 6Research Center DepartmentThe University of MashreqBaghdadIraq

Intelligent traffic control requires accurate estimation of the road states and incorporation of adaptive or dynamically adjusted intelligent algorithms for making the *** this article,these issues are handled by proposing a novel framework for traffic control using vehicular communications and Internet of Things *** framework integrates Kalman filtering and *** smoothing Kalman filtering,our data fusion Kalman filter incorporates a process-aware model which makes it superior in terms of the prediction *** traditional Q-learning,our Q-learning algorithm enables adaptive state quantization by changing the threshold of separating low traffic from high traffic on the road according to the maximum number of vehicles in the junction *** evaluation,the model has been simulated on a single intersection consisting of four roads:east,west,north,and south.A comparison of the developed adaptive quantized Q-learning(AQQL)framework with state-of-the-art and greedy approaches shows the superiority of AQQL with an improvement percentage in terms of the released number of vehicles of AQQL is 5%over the greedy approach and 340%over the state-of-the-art ***,AQQL provides an effective traffic control that can be applied in today’s intelligent traffic system.

关键词： Q-learning intelligent transportation system(ITS) traffic control vehicular communication kalman filtering smart city Internet of Things

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Graphene oxide-coated microbottle resonators for relative humidity sensing

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第7期20卷 400-405页

作者： Huda Adnan Zain Malathy Batumalay Md Ashadi Md Johari Hazli Rafis Abdul Rahim Sulaiman Wadi Harun Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology INTI International UniversityNilai 71800Malaysia1 Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology Universiti Teknikal Malaysia MelakaMelaka 76100Malaysia Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia MelakaMelaka 76100Malaysia

Graphene oxide(GO)is a 2D coating material used to improve fiber optics sensors’response to relative *** resonators(MBRs)have garnered more attention as sensing media *** MBR with a 190μm diameter was coated with ***,tapered fiber light coupling was used to investigate the relative humidity sensing performance in the range of 35—70%RH at 25℃.The MBR showed a higher Q factor before and after GO *** sensitivity of 0.115 dB/%RH was recorded with the 190μm GO-coated MBR sample compared to a sensitivity of 0.022 dB/%RH for the uncoated MBR *** results show that the MBR can be used in fiber optic sensing applications for environmental sensing.

关键词： humidity oxide bottle

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Optimal aeration management strategy for a small-scale food waste composting

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2024年第1期7卷 79-88页

作者： Jia Chi Lai Yi Lung Then Siaw San Hwang Chung Sien Lee School of Engineering and Science Faculty of EngineeringComputing and ScienceSwinburne University of Technology93350 KuchingSarawakMalaysia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Sarawak94300 Kota SamarahanSarawakMalaysia

Food waste is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions when it ends up in *** turns out to be a sustainable solution to this problem,but it requires controlled and continuous airflow for optimal *** study focused on the effect of aeration rates and airflow directions on food waste composting using a closed system with forced *** was entered into the composting vessel in three directions,which were upward,downward,and a combination of both *** direction was run at aeration rates of 0.1,0.4,and 0.7 L/*** findings showed that the compost pile aerated at 0.4 L/min by using two-directional airflow can reach the thermophilic temperature within half of the *** compost pile achieved temperature of 40.94℃ after 10.5 *** the compost experienced slightly high in moisture loss(4.3%),the compost still attained the standard values for *** compost produced from food waste could be applied in soil to improve its fertility.

关键词： Small-scale composting Two-directional airflow Intermittent aeration Food waste

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Viability of selected agro-waste in Ghana as a ground enhancing material in grounding systems

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International Journal of Energy and Water Resources 2024年第3期8卷 437-447页

作者： Akoto, J. Nunoo, S. Dankwah, J.R. Department of Electrical and Electronic Faculty of Engineering University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa Ghana Department of Minerals Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa Ghana

Chemical-based ground enhancing materials are key component of an efficient earthing system. However, economic and environmental considerations have refocused current research on greener, cost effective and locally available alternatives like bentonite and biochar of some agro-wastes. In this research, the viability of the biochar and conductive concrete of some locally available agro-wastes as ground enhancing materials were studied. Here, selected physical, chemical and mechanical properties of coconut husk char, cocoa husk char, sawdust char, sugarcane bagasse and rice husk char were studied relative to bentonite. Also, the relative importance of the contribution of the study physicochemical and mechanical parameters to ground resistance were considered. The results of this study suggests that cocoa husk char is similar to bentonites in physical and chemical characteristics compared to their other counterparts (coconut husk char, sugar cane bagasse, sawdust char and rice husk char, respectively) while coconut husk char is similar in its mechanical properties to bentonite. Recorded values for bulk density, moisture content, resistivity, pH, electrical conductivity, and effective cation exchange capacity for cocoa husk char were similar to that of bentonite. However, recorded values for compressibility, flow rate and failure load of coconut Husk were most similar to those of bentonite. Notably, coconut husk char and not cocoa husk char proved to be a better alternative for bentonite. This suggests that the study’s mechanical properties are important selection criteria for potential ground enhancing materials. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University 2023.

关键词： Agro-wastes Bentonite Green concrete Ground enhancing material

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Analysis of the Shielding Effectiveness of Waste Materials 1

Analysis of the Shielding Effectiveness of Waste Materials

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1st IEEE International Conference on Communication engineering and Emerging Technologies, ICoCET 2024

作者： Nur Amri Rosly, Muhammad Zahid, Liyana Hidayah Ramli, Nur Che Yob, Rashidah Bahari, Norfatihah Hafizuddin Mat, Mohd University Malaysia Perlis Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology Perlis Malaysia Centre of Excellence Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology Perlis Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504144

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a major complication to electronic devices as it disturbs the devices from functioning properly. Shielding is a way to attenuate EMI from passing through into the electronic circuit. Many shielding materials existed like metals and carbons. These shielding materials have disadvantages that need to be avoided which are causing pollution during their production and some materials like metals do not absorb EMI fully and reflect some part of the EMI. The usage of waste material such as sugarcane bagasse as shielding material can also reduce the environmental impacts from the dumping and burning of the waste. Designing and simulation of EMI shielding for agricultural waste by using the dielectric properties is done in CST Studio Suite by using the waveguide transmission technique in X Band and Ku Band frequency. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Bagasse

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A Practical Study of Intelligent Image-Based Mobile Robot for Tracking Colored Objects

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2181-2197页

作者： Mofadal Alymani Mohamed Esmail Karar Hazem Ibrahim Shehata College of Computing and Information Technology Shaqra UniversityShaqra11961Saudi Arabia Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Faculty of Engineering Zagazig UniversityZagazig44519Egypt

Object tracking is one of the major tasks for mobile robots in many real-world ***,artificial intelligence and automatic control techniques play an important role in enhancing the performance of mobile robot *** contrast to previous simulation studies,this paper presents a new intelligent mobile robot for accomplishing multi-tasks by tracking red-green-blue(RGB)colored objects in a real experimental ***,a practical smart controller is developed based on adaptive fuzzy logic and custom proportional-integral-derivative(PID)schemes to achieve accurate tracking results,considering robot command delay and tolerance *** design of developed controllers implies some motion rules to mimic the knowledge of experienced *** scenarios of three colored object combinations have been successfully tested and evaluated by using the developed controlled image-based robot *** PID control failed to handle some tracking scenarios in this *** proposed adaptive fuzzy PID control achieved the best accurate results with the minimum average final error of 13.8 cm to reach the colored targets,while our designed custom PID control is efficient in saving both average time and traveling distance of 6.6 s and 14.3 cm,*** promising results demonstrate the feasibility of applying our developed image-based robotic system in a colored object-tracking environment to reduce human workloads.

关键词： Mobile robot autonomous systems fuzzy logic control real-time image processing

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